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a. Test
In the test, the researcher prepared 40 diphthongs words. The participants should mention the words based on their understanding. The participants would
record their pronunciation. The first step to get the data was listening the recorder from the participants.
Then, the researcher would calculate the recorders based on their pronunciation. The researcher would make percentage from the data between students who could
pronounce diphthongs correctly and for those who could not pronounce diphthongs correctly.
In order to find out the result in number, the research was going to calculate the total respondents. Then, the researcher changed it into percentage and put it in
a table. The formula was; Ʃ�
Ʃ � = ����������
Notes: Ʃp was the number of participants based on pronounce diphthongs
correctly or not Ʃx was the number of all participants in this research
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b. Questionnaire
The researcher also used questionnaire. It was close-ended questions. In the questionnaire, the researcher made six close-ended statements. For each
statement, the degree of agreement and disagreement were classified as strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, and strongly disagree.
The first step to gain the data was the researcher calculated the amounts of the responses from the students who answered strongly agree, agree, undecided,
disagree, and strongly disagree. After knowing the total number, the writer put the data on the table to make it clear.
The result was based on the participants’ answers. In order to know the
result in number, the researcher calculated the total respondents and the data obtained, and changed it into percentage. The formula was;
Ʃ Ʃ� �
= ����������
Notes Ʃ was the number of participants based on the degree of agreement
Ʃ� was the number of participants in this study
Percentage was the result. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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c. Interview
In order to answer the research problems, the researcher analyzed and presented the data from the interview. The interview was conducted to get data for
the research problems, which were the pre- service English teachers’ difficulties in
learning diphthongs pronunciation. After the researcher had conducted the interview, the researcher had to summarize the data. Based on the data, the
researcher would tell the difficulties from the participants as the result for the second research problem. The researcher would describe and explain the result
into descriptions.
E. Research Procedure
In this research, the researcher conducted the following research steps to make the research effective. There were six steps that should be followed which
were; planning, defining the participants, constructing the instruments, conducting the survey, processing the data, and reporting the data.
1. Planning
The first step that should be followed by the researcher was planning the research. The researcher started this research from the topic that would be used for
this research. The researcher also explained the reasons why the researcher chose the topic and the background of the topic chosen. The researcher formulated the
28 research problems for the research. Last, the researcher gathered all theories to
support the researcher in conducting the research.
2. Defining the Participants
The next step that the researcher had to conduct was to define the participants of the research. The target population of this research was pre-service
English teachers of ELESP in Sanata Dharma University who had taken microteaching class. The writer chose 40 students as the participants for this
research.
3. Constructing the Instruments
In this step, the researcher already had the sampling. Therefore, the researcher needed to make an instrument to conduct the research. The researcher
constructed a test. In the test, the researcher prepared 40 English diphthongs words. The researcher also used interview as the instrument. In the interview, the
researcher had to record the interview to gain the data. The researcher would take five students with good pronunciation and five
students with bad pronunciation. The interview was going to be done in five days, with three students each day and would take 15 minutes for each student the most.
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4. Conducting the Survey
The researcher distributed the test to the participants of the research. After the test, the researcher conducted interviews with some of the participants who
had either good or bad pronunciation. As a result, the researcher chose 10 students to be interviewed. Five of those were good in pronouncing diphthong sounds and
the others were not.
5. Processing the Data
After conducting the research, the researcher should gather the data from the test and the interview. Then, the researcher analyzed the data to be processed.
This step was done to find out the results of the research.
6. Reporting the Data
The last step of the research was to report the data. The result of this research was used to explain the research result and also the discussion. In the end
the result would be used to support the conclusions of the research. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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