B. Approaches of the Study
According to Rohrberger and Woods, “Society produces the culture, society also makes history, and literature comes from a society” 6. It means that society,
culture, and history have to be counted in scrutinizing a literary work. In other words, it can be said that society, culture, history, and a literary work connect each other.
The definition of socio-cultural historical criticism of literature by Rohrberger and Woods has influenced my methodology in analyzing Chang’s writing. Another
reason for choosing this approach is because the approach contains a historical and cultural background that underlies Chinese history and influences the writing of the
novel. In addition, this study tries to reveal the women’s social roles in facing the different regimes authorities. The main characters to be examined are Yu-fang as
Jung Chang’s grandmother and De-hong as Jung Chang’s mother. The last reason why this study uses a socio-cultural historical approach in analyzing women’s social
roles is because I am really interested in learning about the deeper forces at work in creating the culture of a society.
C. Method of the Study
In getting the answers to the problem in Chapter 1, this study used library research method. This study also took some data from the Internet related to Jung
Chang who is the author of Wild Swans. After finding an interesting novel entitled Wild Swans. I decided to use this
novel as the primary sources for my study. Furthermore, I took notes on the
important events in each chapter. I aimed to summarize each stage of development that occurred within each chapter since this novel contained 665 pages.
The next step was to formulate questions for the research problem. It was the most significant action to be decided because it would influence the entire research.
It was not enough to use only the primary sources to answer the problem formulation, secondary sources were also needed. Since this study uses socio-cultural
historical approach, the secondary approaches relate to it. Some theories of literature and socio-cultural historical books were used. Furthermore, additional sources such
as specific dictionaries and electronic sources were also taken into account. The next processes were analyzing and arranging the data in order to answer the questions in
the problem formulation. After analysis was done, it was necessary to reread carefully what had been written to make this study acceptable as my research.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
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