TEACHING SPEAKING TECHNIQUES USED BY TEACHER AT SDN JUNREJO 1 KOTA BATU

i

TEACHING SPEAKING TECHNIQUES USED BY TEACHER

AT SDN JUNREJO 1 KOTA BATU

THESIS

By:

Dewi Damasina Muhammad Wulang

201210100311104

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

ii

TEACHING SPEAKING TECHNIQUES USED BY TEACHER

AT SDN JUNREJO 1 KOTA BATU

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

Dewi Damasina Muhammad Wulang

201210100311104

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

vi MOTTO

“Karena sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan. Maka apabila kamu telah selesai (urusan dunia), bersungguh-sungguhlah (dalam

beribadah), dan hanya kepada Tuhanmulah kamu berharap.” (QS. Al-Insyirah : 5-8)

Man Jadda Wa Jadda

“Siapa yang bersungguh-sungguh pasti akan berhasil”

Dedication

The writer dedicates this thesis to:

Her beloved family Muhammad Wulang, Sitti Hawa, Umar Wulang, Sofiya Story.

Her beloved brothers and sisters Affan Umar Wulang, Ruslan Umar Wulang, Hasrim Muhammad Wulang, Jubaydah Umar Wulang.

vii

Acknowledgment

Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable because of His guidance, blessing and affection, the writer can finish this thesis.

The writer would like to express her deepest gratitude to Santi Prasityowati, S.Pd, M.Pd as the first advisor and Adityo, S.S., M.A as her second advisor, for their suggestion, patience, guidance, correction, and advice during the consultation to complete this thesis. The writer feels that words will never be enough to acknowledge.

Her sincere gratitude and appreciation are extended to the teacher and headmaster of SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu who had given her opportunity to conduct this research.

Her deepest gratitude is also addressed to her family who always give her great motivation and both spiritual and financial supports.

Finally, she thanks her friends, Mitra Permata Ayu, Raditya Eka, Arumi, Rika trinanda, Wahyuni Sidin, Arman Algadrie and those whom she cannot mention one by one for being her best part to give support and help the writer in conducting this research. May Allah bless you forever.

Malang, August 2016 The writer,

viii

Table of Contents

APPROVAL PAGE ... ii

LETTER OF AUTHENTICITY ... iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... v

ABSTRACT ... vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... vii

TABLE OF CONTENT ... viii

LIST OF APPENDICES ... ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems ... 3

1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 4

1.4 Significance of the Study ... 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study ... 4

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms ... 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Teaching Speaking ... 6

2.2 Teaching Speaking for Young Learners ... 7

2.3 Characteristics of Young Learners ... 9

2.4 Characteristics of Teacher in Teaching Young Learners ... 10

2.5 Kinds of Techniques in Teaching Speaking ... 12

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 15

3.2 Research Subject ... 15

3.3 Research Instrument ... 16

ix

3.3.2 Interview ... 16

3.3.3 Observation ... 17

3.4 Data Collection ... 18

3.5 Data Analysis ... 18

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Findings ... 19

4.1.1 The Techniques Used by The English Teacher ... 19

4.1.2 The Way English Teacher Applied the Techniques ... 23

4.2 Discussion ... 25

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 28

5.2 Suggestion ... 29

x

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 – Field Notes 1 ... 33

Appendix 2 – Field Notes 2 ... 38

Appendix 3 – Letter of Permission ... 41

Appendix 4 – Observation Picture ... 43

Appendix 5 – Interview List ... 50

Appendix 6 – Interview Result (Bahasa Indonesia) ... 52

Appendix 7 – Interview Result (English version) ... 56

xi

REFERENCES

Aminah, Siti. (2007). The Implementation Of Teaching Speaking at SMAN 02 Batu.

Unpublished Thesis. Malang. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Ary, Donald. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed). Belmont: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Brown, H. Douglas. (2007). Teaching By Principle An Interactive Approach to

Language Pedagogy (4th ed). London: Longman.

Creswell, Jhon W. (2012). Educational Research Planning (4th ed). New York: Pearson Education Inc.

Fulcher, Glenn. (2003). Testing Second Language Speaking. Harlow: Pearson Longman.

Halimi, Sisilia S. (2009). Becoming a Creative Teacher: A Manual for Teaching to

Indonesian Elementary Students. Jakarta: Regional English Language

Office (RELO) Public Affairs US Embassy.

Harmer, Jeremy. (2007). The Practice of English Language Teaching (3rd ed). London: Longman.

Klancar, N.I. (2006). Developing English Skill in The Young Learners Classroom. The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. XII, No. 11

Kayi, Kayriye. (2006). Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in

Second Language. Online.

http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Kayi-TeachingSpeaking.html. Accessed on February 23rd 2016.

Khamkhien, Attapol. (2010). Teaching English Speaking and English Speaking Tests In The Thai Context: A Reflection from Thai Prespective. Journal of

English Language Teaching. Thailand.

http;//ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/view/5253. Accessed on October 31st 2015.

Linse, Caroline T. (2005). Practical English Language Teaching: Young Learners. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Mardin, Qaafyan. (2009). A Study On Teaching Techniques in English for Young Learners Program Grade V-VI Conducted by English Department Students

Academic Year 2008-2009. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: Universitas

xii

Prasetyowati, Octavi Dewi. (2008). Students’ Preceptions of The Techniques Used

by The Teacher in Teaching Speaking at the Daffodils Course Pare-Kediri.

Unpublished Thesis. Malang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Richard, Jack. C. & Renandya, Willy. A. (2002). Methodology in Language

Teaching. New York: United States of America.

Scoot, Wendy. A. & Ytreberg, Lisbeth. H. (2002). Teaching English to Children.

New York: Longman.

Wardana, Kusuma. (2014). The Techniques Used By The English Teacher In

Teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen. Unpublished Thesis.

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains introduction that consists of background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

In the world of globalization era, English has become ordinary for many people in the world. Since it is ordinary, people use English as a tools to communicate moreover for teaching and learning process. As a foreign language, English is learned thoroughly for communication in international world. If someone has an ability to use English language, it means that he has an opportunity to communicate with people in the world.

In teaching and learning process, English is thought widely at formal school starting from elementary up to universities, even at informal school. There are four English skills to learn namely speaking, reading, writing, and listening skills. Khamkhien (2010) says that speaking is seems to be the most important in learning English. It means that speaking skill provides students to produce English orally. Moreover, by mastering English speaking students are able to use language to communicate effectively and appropriately for all lifes’ requirements both social and academic.

2

Children or young learners are usually described as learners aged between six to ten or eleven years old. Young learners are natural learners because they are curious about the world around them and they learn by doing, active, and very curious explained by Halimi (2010). Linse (2005) says that, for children, it would be better if teacher teach speaking skill first to the students than other skills. Practically, speaking is not as easy as we think. Many students get difficult when they face speaking subject. It is because they do not brave enough to share their idea in English.

In teaching English for young learners, teacher becomes the most influential person in the classroom because she/he has to create a conductive classroom athmosphere. Moreover, English teacher is expected to use appropriate methods, systems, and techniques to make teaching and learning English more effective. Harmer (2007) concludes that in the process of teaching and learning, teachers should use appropriate media and techniques based on the students’ ability. It means that, by using appropriate techniques teacher can improve students speaking skill and catch students’ attention. Prasetyowati (2008) who conducted a research on the techniques used by the teacher in teaching speaking at Daffodils Course, Pare – Kediri, found that the techniques were speeches, role play, small group and audio taped. The teacher uses those various techniques to make the students speak English.

Speaking skill is also taught in SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu. In this situation, speaking is considered to be one subject which is have to be learnt since English is an international language. Based on the interview with the English teacher of SDN

3

Junrejo 1 Kota Batu, she said that she found some difficulties in teaching speaking to young learners. The students felt difficult in writing and spelling. The teacher try hard to teach the students by using some techniques in order to make them speak English. Moreover, there were also some non-linguistics problems. For instance, they did not participate the class well and walked around the class so that it distributed the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the English teacher should have some briliant teaching techniques to deliver the material and solve the problem in class.

In short, teaching speaking techniques is important because it deals with how the teacher encourage the students to speak. Moreover, the success of teaching speaking is influenced by the techniques which are used by the teacher. For the reason above, the researcher is interested in observing the teaching speaking techniques used by teacher at SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu.

1.2 Statement of the Problems

Based on the explanation above, the following question are carried out to guide the study.

1. What are the techniques used by the teacher in teaching speaking?

4

1.3 Purposes of the Study

The aim of this study is elaborated as follows:

1. To know the techniques used by the English teacher in teaching speaking to the third-grade students at SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu.

2. To describe the implementation of teaching techniques applied by the English teacher in teaching speaking to the third-grade students at SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The significance of this research is expected to be able to improve and elaborate the knowledge about the techniques in teaching speaking. In this case, by knowing the techniques in teaching speaking, the teacher will be motivated to make improvement in their English teaching skills.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

In this research, the scope of this study focuses on the techniques used by the English teacher in teaching speaking. This research is limited only for third-grade students at SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu which consisted of 33 students and they are nine years old. Moreover, the limited time of this research is the researcher will conduct observation for two times in the third-grade students of SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu. The observation conducted on 21st _{April 2016 and 28}th _{April 2016 at} SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu.

5

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation of this study, the following essential terms are defined:

Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something,

giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand (Brown : 2007).

Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves

producing and receiving and processing information (Brown in Aminah : 2007).

Teaching technique is a trick that the teacher should master in order to get

the job done in classroom. It is a special way used by teacher in order to deliver his/her lesson with a better result (Christ in Wardana : 2014).

Young learners is young person between six to ten or eleven years old who

have very different needs, interests, and abilities from adult learners (Halimi : 2010).

xii

Prasetyowati, Octavi Dewi. (2008). Students’ Preceptions of The Techniques Used by The Teacher in Teaching Speaking at the Daffodils Course Pare-Kediri. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Richard, Jack. C. & Renandya, Willy. A. (2002). Methodology in Language Teaching. New York: United States of America.

Scoot, Wendy. A. & Ytreberg, Lisbeth. H. (2002). Teaching English to Children. New York: Longman.

Wardana, Kusuma. (2014). The Techniques Used By The English Teacher In Teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains introduction that consists of background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

In the world of globalization era, English has become ordinary for many people in the world. Since it is ordinary, people use English as a tools to communicate moreover for teaching and learning process. As a foreign language, English is learned thoroughly for communication in international world. If someone has an ability to use English language, it means that he has an opportunity to communicate with people in the world.

In teaching and learning process, English is thought widely at formal school starting from elementary up to universities, even at informal school. There are four English skills to learn namely speaking, reading, writing, and listening skills. Khamkhien (2010) says that speaking is seems to be the most important in learning English. It means that speaking skill provides students to produce English orally. Moreover, by mastering English speaking students are able to use language to communicate effectively and appropriately for all lifes’ requirements both social and academic.

2

Children or young learners are usually described as learners aged between six to ten or eleven years old. Young learners are natural learners because they are curious about the world around them and they learn by doing, active, and very curious explained by Halimi (2010). Linse (2005) says that, for children, it would be better if teacher teach speaking skill first to the students than other skills. Practically, speaking is not as easy as we think. Many students get difficult when they face speaking subject. It is because they do not brave enough to share their idea in English.

In teaching English for young learners, teacher becomes the most influential person in the classroom because she/he has to create a conductive classroom athmosphere. Moreover, English teacher is expected to use appropriate methods, systems, and techniques to make teaching and learning English more effective. Harmer (2007) concludes that in the process of teaching and learning, teachers should use appropriate media and techniques based on the students’ ability. It means that, by using appropriate techniques teacher can improve students speaking skill and catch students’ attention. Prasetyowati (2008) who conducted a research on the techniques used by the teacher in teaching speaking at Daffodils Course, Pare – Kediri, found that the techniques were speeches, role play, small group and audio taped. The teacher uses those various techniques to make the students speak English.

Speaking skill is also taught in SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu. In this situation, speaking is considered to be one subject which is have to be learnt since English is an international language. Based on the interview with the English teacher of SDN

3

Junrejo 1 Kota Batu, she said that she found some difficulties in teaching speaking to young learners. The students felt difficult in writing and spelling. The teacher try hard to teach the students by using some techniques in order to make them speak English. Moreover, there were also some non-linguistics problems. For instance, they did not participate the class well and walked around the class so that it distributed the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the English teacher should have some briliant teaching techniques to deliver the material and solve the problem in class.

In short, teaching speaking techniques is important because it deals with how the teacher encourage the students to speak. Moreover, the success of teaching speaking is influenced by the techniques which are used by the teacher. For the reason above, the researcher is interested in observing the teaching speaking techniques used by teacher at SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu.

1.2 Statement of the Problems

Based on the explanation above, the following question are carried out to guide the study.

1. What are the techniques used by the teacher in teaching speaking?

4 1.3 Purposes of the Study

The aim of this study is elaborated as follows:

1. To know the techniques used by the English teacher in teaching speaking to the third-grade students at SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu.

2. To describe the implementation of teaching techniques applied by the English teacher in teaching speaking to the third-grade students at SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The significance of this research is expected to be able to improve and elaborate the knowledge about the techniques in teaching speaking. In this case, by knowing the techniques in teaching speaking, the teacher will be motivated to make improvement in their English teaching skills.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

In this research, the scope of this study focuses on the techniques used by the English teacher in teaching speaking. This research is limited only for third-grade students at SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu which consisted of 33 students and they are nine years old. Moreover, the limited time of this research is the researcher will conduct observation for two times in the third-grade students of SDN Junrejo 1 Kota Batu. The observation conducted on 21st _{April 2016 and 28}th _{April 2016 at}

5 1.6 Definition of the Key Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation of this study, the following essential terms are defined:

Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand (Brown : 2007).

Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information (Brown in Aminah : 2007).

Teaching technique is a trick that the teacher should master in order to get the job done in classroom. It is a special way used by teacher in order to deliver his/her lesson with a better result (Christ in Wardana : 2014).

Young learners is young person between six to ten or eleven years old who have very different needs, interests, and abilities from adult learners (Halimi : 2010).