Research Method and Design

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Method and Design

This research is a Classroom Action Research. Tomal 2010 : 10 said that action research is a systematic process of solving educational problems and making improvements. A distinctive feature of action research is that those affected by planned changes have the primary responsibility for deciding on courses of critically informed action which seem likely to lead to improvement, and for evaluating the results of strategies tried out in practice Nunan,1992: 17. So, the classroom action research conducted to solve problems in teaching and learning process in the class. Muslich 2009 : 10 stated that the aim of Classroom Action Research CAR is to improve and enhance the quality of learning and help empower teachers in solving learning problems in school. In addition, action research will encourage the teachers to think about what they have to do in carrying out their duties. They will be critical toward what they have done without depending on universal theories that discovered by research scientists who often did not match with the situation and condition in the class. Action research consists of cycle. According to Carr and Kemmis 1986 : 186, there are four basic steps in the action research. They are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Meanwhile, Hopkins 1992 cited in Muslich 2009:43 described that action research has steps like planning, actionobservation and reflective. 33 Based on the explanation above, the researcher conclude that action research consists of cycles and each cycle has four steps such as planning, acting, observing and reflecting. Here is a simple model of action research according to Hopkins 1992 cited in Muslich 2009 : 43 as below: Plan Reflective Action Observation Revised Plan Reflective Action Observation Revised Plan Reflective Action Observation Hopkins 1992 cited in Muslich 2009 : 43 Figure 3.1 Hopkins 1992 cited in Muslich 2009:44 adds that in the model of action research, the first step that should be done is planning action such as make a scenario of learning process and observatioon sheet. The next step is action. In this step, the researcher does observation and then the researcher does analysis and reflection. If the method that used successful, it can be concluded directly. 34 Meanwhile, if the method that used is not successful, the researcher should re-plan new action continuously till the method that will be used really successful. Based on the model above, the cycle was started from the planning where the researcher had to decide and prepare the material and media for teaching learning process. After completing the preparation, the next stage was the implementation of the plan. While the researcher teaching, the observer monitored the teaching learning process by using the observation sheets and field notes. And the last stage in each cycle was reflection. The reflection was conducted after the action and observation finished. In this stage, the researcher and an observer discussed the aspect that relates to the research, for example students‟ responses. The result of reflection could be used to rearrange the second cycle and might be third cycle.

3.2 Subjects of the Research