VICTORY IN JEFFERY EUGENIDES’ THE VIRGIN SUICIDES NOVEL (1993): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH Victory in Jeffery EugenidesThe Virgin Suicides Novel (1993): A Psychoanalytic Approach.
VICTORY IN JEFFERY EUGENIDES’ THE VIRGIN SUICIDES NOVEL (1993):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Getting Bachelor Degree of
Education in English Department
by:
Yudi Muhammad Ikhsan
A 320110130
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
Everything that is really great and inspiring is created by the individual who can labor in
freedom.
(Albert Einsten)
Nothing is impossible, the world its self says ‘I’m Possible’!
(Audrey Hepburn)
v
DEDICATION
SPECIAL FOR
My Beloved Mom and Dad
My Beloved Brothers, and all of My Big Family
My Lovely Miatul Maaniyah
My cute baby Adiba Syakila Almahira
All of My Friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’aalamiin, thanks to Allah SWT, the most gracious and
merciful. His blessings can never be calculated or measured, that the researcher can finish
this research paper entitled “VICTORY IN JEFFERY EUGENIDES’ THE VIRGIN
SUICIDES NOVEL (1993): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH”.
The researcher knows that the research paper cannot be finished without many helps
and supports from several people. Thus, in this opportunity the researcher would like to
express his earnest gratitude for the following persons:
1. Dra. Phil Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed, as the first consultant, has given her time to
guide, advice, and support to the researcher until this research paper finished.
2. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd. M.Hum, as the second consultant who has permitted and corrected this
research paper
3. Dr. Abdillah Nugraha, M. Hum, as the third examiner who had given much correction
and suggestion of the research.
4. Prof. Dr Harun Joko P, as the Dean of School of Teaching Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
5. All lectures of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta especially English Department
Education who has helped and guided the researcher.
6. His beloved father and mother who give massive support and motivation to the researcher.
vii
7. His beloved brothers who always supports her during the study and being a good sibling.
8. His beloved lovely “Miatul Maaniyah” for help, support ,and her love until today
9. His cute baby Adiba Syakila Almahira for motivation of life.
10. All his beloved friend in Department English Education 11’ especially Galih Fitriawan for
support and motivation
Finally the researcher thinks that this research has many weakness, so all suggestion,
criticism, and opinion for improving this research are accepted. Hopefully this research
paper will be useful for readers
Wassalamualaikum, Wr. Wb
Surakarta, 30 October 2016
The Researcher
Yudi Muhammad Ikhsan
viii
SUMMARY
YUDI MUHAMMAD IKHSAN. A 320 110 130. VICTORY IN JEFFERY EUGENIDES’ THE
VIRGIN SUICIDES NOVEL (1993): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. RESEARCH
PAPER. SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2016.
The major problem in this study is how the major character proves his freedom,
victory of life and depression in The Virgin Suicides novel by Jeffrey Eugenides. This study
focuses on the one of the major characters namely Lux Lisbon (second younger sister), using
the meaning of psychoanalytic analysis. The object of this study is Jeffrey Eugenides The
Virgin Suicides novel published in 1993 by Harper Collins Canada. The type of this study is
descriptive qualitative. The primary data source is the The Virgin Suicides itself and the
secondary data sources are books or any information related to the practice of victory,
depression the moral problem that support the psychoanalytic approach by Sigmund Freud.
The technique of analyzing data in this research paper is descriptive. The researcher
concludes that freedom, useless victory and depression is the individual emotions, it drives
from system of personality. The psychological analysis shows that person’s switched their
identities coming from his id and fictional ego has pushed his to do some efforts to attain the
superego and he must sacrifice everything. Finally, the psychological analysis shows that the
human factor will exchange their characters because the activating personality aspects
within the characters and the cause are among other family and environmental factors.
Jeffrey Eugenides gives the important points when the major character, Lux Lisbon, gets the
conflict between her id and superego to prove her freedom and victory for herself. The
outcome of the study shows that the problem faced by the major character lux Lisbon causes
the conflict of her mental condition. It comes because he struggles to get her victory and the
depression for her life. Finally, she make a final choice to suicide herself because her
depression of life and get victory for her life , but that is not real victory for us, it is a useless
victory.
Keywords: Virgin, Suicide, Victory, Depression, Frustation, Psychoanalytic Approach.
ix
RINGKASAN
YUDI MUHAMMAD IKHSAN. A 320 110 130. VICTORY IN JEFFERY EUGENIDES’ THE
VIRGIN SUICIDES NOVEL (1993): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. RESEARCH
PAPER. SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2016.
Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana karakter utama menemukan
kebebasan, kemenangan hidup dan depresi dalam novel The Virgin Suicides karya Jeffrey
Eugenides. Penelitian ini berfokus pada salah satu karakter utama yaitu Lux Lisbon (kakak
kedua), menggunakan makna analisis psikoanalitik. Objek penelitian ini adalah novel The
Virgin Suicides karya Jeffrey Eugenides yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1993 oleh Harper
Collins Kanada. Jenis study ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data primer adalah novel
The Virgin Suicides sendiri dan sumber-sumber data sekunder adalah buku atau informasi
yang berkaitan dengan kemenangan, depresi, dan masalah moral yang mendukung
pendekatan psikoanalitik oleh Sigmund Freud. Teknik menganalisis data dalam makalah
penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa kebebasan, kemenangan dan
depresi adalah emosi individu, bersumber dari sistem kepribadian. Analisis psikologis
menunjukkan bahwa orang beralih identitas datang dari id nya dan ego telah mendorong dia
untuk melakukan beberapa upaya untuk mencapai superego dan dia harus mengorbankan
segalanya. Akhirnya, analisis psikologis menunjukkan bahwa faktor manusia akan mengubah
karakter mereka karena aspek kepribadian dan penyebab di antara faktor-faktor lain ialah
keluarga dan lingkungan lainnya. Jeffrey Eugenides memberikan poin penting ketika
karakter utama, Lux Lisbon, mendapat konflik antara id dan superego nya untuk
membuktikan kebebasan dan kemenangannya untuk dirinya sendiri. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa masalah yang dihadapi oleh karakter utama Lux Lisbon menyebabkan
konflik kondisi mentalnya. Muncul karena dia berjuang untuk mendapatkan kemenangan dan
depresi untuk hidupnya. Akhirnya, dia membuat pilihan akhir untuk bunuh diri karena
depresi akan kehidupannya dan untuk mendapatkan kemenangan atas kehidupannya, tapi itu
bukanlah kemenangan yang sesungguhnya dan nyata bagi kami, semua itu hanyalah
kemenangan yang tidak berguna.
Keywords: Virgin, Suicide, Victory, Depression, Frustation, Psychoanalytic Approach.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ....................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE .......................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY .............................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ....................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................. vii
SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………… ix
RINGKASAN ………………………………………………………………………...x
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................. 1
B. Literature Review ............................................................................ 3
C. Problem Statement ...........................................................................5
D. Limitation of the Study ................................................................... 5
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................................... 5
F. Benefit of the Study ..........................................................................5
G. Research Method ............................................................................. 6
H. Paper Organization ...........................................................................8
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................................... 9
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ................................................................ 9
B. Structure of Personality.................................................................... 10
C. Structural Elements of the Novel .................................................... 13
E. Theoretical Application ................................................................... 16
xi
CHAPTER III STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................................... 18
A. Structural Elements of the Novel ..................................................... 18
B. Discussion ........................................................................................ 42
CHAPTER IV PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS .................................................... 48
A. Lux’s System of Personality............................................................ 48
B. Lux’s Anxiety ………………………….........…………...……….. 58
C. Lux’s Victory .................................................................................. 62
C. Discussion………………................................................................. 63
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ....................................................................................... 69
B. Educational Implication.................................................................... 70
C. Suggestion ........................................................................................ 72
BIBLIOGRAPHY
xii
1
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Getting Bachelor Degree of
Education in English Department
by:
Yudi Muhammad Ikhsan
A 320110130
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
Everything that is really great and inspiring is created by the individual who can labor in
freedom.
(Albert Einsten)
Nothing is impossible, the world its self says ‘I’m Possible’!
(Audrey Hepburn)
v
DEDICATION
SPECIAL FOR
My Beloved Mom and Dad
My Beloved Brothers, and all of My Big Family
My Lovely Miatul Maaniyah
My cute baby Adiba Syakila Almahira
All of My Friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’aalamiin, thanks to Allah SWT, the most gracious and
merciful. His blessings can never be calculated or measured, that the researcher can finish
this research paper entitled “VICTORY IN JEFFERY EUGENIDES’ THE VIRGIN
SUICIDES NOVEL (1993): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH”.
The researcher knows that the research paper cannot be finished without many helps
and supports from several people. Thus, in this opportunity the researcher would like to
express his earnest gratitude for the following persons:
1. Dra. Phil Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed, as the first consultant, has given her time to
guide, advice, and support to the researcher until this research paper finished.
2. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd. M.Hum, as the second consultant who has permitted and corrected this
research paper
3. Dr. Abdillah Nugraha, M. Hum, as the third examiner who had given much correction
and suggestion of the research.
4. Prof. Dr Harun Joko P, as the Dean of School of Teaching Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
5. All lectures of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta especially English Department
Education who has helped and guided the researcher.
6. His beloved father and mother who give massive support and motivation to the researcher.
vii
7. His beloved brothers who always supports her during the study and being a good sibling.
8. His beloved lovely “Miatul Maaniyah” for help, support ,and her love until today
9. His cute baby Adiba Syakila Almahira for motivation of life.
10. All his beloved friend in Department English Education 11’ especially Galih Fitriawan for
support and motivation
Finally the researcher thinks that this research has many weakness, so all suggestion,
criticism, and opinion for improving this research are accepted. Hopefully this research
paper will be useful for readers
Wassalamualaikum, Wr. Wb
Surakarta, 30 October 2016
The Researcher
Yudi Muhammad Ikhsan
viii
SUMMARY
YUDI MUHAMMAD IKHSAN. A 320 110 130. VICTORY IN JEFFERY EUGENIDES’ THE
VIRGIN SUICIDES NOVEL (1993): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. RESEARCH
PAPER. SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2016.
The major problem in this study is how the major character proves his freedom,
victory of life and depression in The Virgin Suicides novel by Jeffrey Eugenides. This study
focuses on the one of the major characters namely Lux Lisbon (second younger sister), using
the meaning of psychoanalytic analysis. The object of this study is Jeffrey Eugenides The
Virgin Suicides novel published in 1993 by Harper Collins Canada. The type of this study is
descriptive qualitative. The primary data source is the The Virgin Suicides itself and the
secondary data sources are books or any information related to the practice of victory,
depression the moral problem that support the psychoanalytic approach by Sigmund Freud.
The technique of analyzing data in this research paper is descriptive. The researcher
concludes that freedom, useless victory and depression is the individual emotions, it drives
from system of personality. The psychological analysis shows that person’s switched their
identities coming from his id and fictional ego has pushed his to do some efforts to attain the
superego and he must sacrifice everything. Finally, the psychological analysis shows that the
human factor will exchange their characters because the activating personality aspects
within the characters and the cause are among other family and environmental factors.
Jeffrey Eugenides gives the important points when the major character, Lux Lisbon, gets the
conflict between her id and superego to prove her freedom and victory for herself. The
outcome of the study shows that the problem faced by the major character lux Lisbon causes
the conflict of her mental condition. It comes because he struggles to get her victory and the
depression for her life. Finally, she make a final choice to suicide herself because her
depression of life and get victory for her life , but that is not real victory for us, it is a useless
victory.
Keywords: Virgin, Suicide, Victory, Depression, Frustation, Psychoanalytic Approach.
ix
RINGKASAN
YUDI MUHAMMAD IKHSAN. A 320 110 130. VICTORY IN JEFFERY EUGENIDES’ THE
VIRGIN SUICIDES NOVEL (1993): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. RESEARCH
PAPER. SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2016.
Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana karakter utama menemukan
kebebasan, kemenangan hidup dan depresi dalam novel The Virgin Suicides karya Jeffrey
Eugenides. Penelitian ini berfokus pada salah satu karakter utama yaitu Lux Lisbon (kakak
kedua), menggunakan makna analisis psikoanalitik. Objek penelitian ini adalah novel The
Virgin Suicides karya Jeffrey Eugenides yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1993 oleh Harper
Collins Kanada. Jenis study ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data primer adalah novel
The Virgin Suicides sendiri dan sumber-sumber data sekunder adalah buku atau informasi
yang berkaitan dengan kemenangan, depresi, dan masalah moral yang mendukung
pendekatan psikoanalitik oleh Sigmund Freud. Teknik menganalisis data dalam makalah
penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa kebebasan, kemenangan dan
depresi adalah emosi individu, bersumber dari sistem kepribadian. Analisis psikologis
menunjukkan bahwa orang beralih identitas datang dari id nya dan ego telah mendorong dia
untuk melakukan beberapa upaya untuk mencapai superego dan dia harus mengorbankan
segalanya. Akhirnya, analisis psikologis menunjukkan bahwa faktor manusia akan mengubah
karakter mereka karena aspek kepribadian dan penyebab di antara faktor-faktor lain ialah
keluarga dan lingkungan lainnya. Jeffrey Eugenides memberikan poin penting ketika
karakter utama, Lux Lisbon, mendapat konflik antara id dan superego nya untuk
membuktikan kebebasan dan kemenangannya untuk dirinya sendiri. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa masalah yang dihadapi oleh karakter utama Lux Lisbon menyebabkan
konflik kondisi mentalnya. Muncul karena dia berjuang untuk mendapatkan kemenangan dan
depresi untuk hidupnya. Akhirnya, dia membuat pilihan akhir untuk bunuh diri karena
depresi akan kehidupannya dan untuk mendapatkan kemenangan atas kehidupannya, tapi itu
bukanlah kemenangan yang sesungguhnya dan nyata bagi kami, semua itu hanyalah
kemenangan yang tidak berguna.
Keywords: Virgin, Suicide, Victory, Depression, Frustation, Psychoanalytic Approach.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ....................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE .......................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY .............................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ....................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................. vii
SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………… ix
RINGKASAN ………………………………………………………………………...x
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................. 1
B. Literature Review ............................................................................ 3
C. Problem Statement ...........................................................................5
D. Limitation of the Study ................................................................... 5
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................................... 5
F. Benefit of the Study ..........................................................................5
G. Research Method ............................................................................. 6
H. Paper Organization ...........................................................................8
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................................... 9
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ................................................................ 9
B. Structure of Personality.................................................................... 10
C. Structural Elements of the Novel .................................................... 13
E. Theoretical Application ................................................................... 16
xi
CHAPTER III STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................................... 18
A. Structural Elements of the Novel ..................................................... 18
B. Discussion ........................................................................................ 42
CHAPTER IV PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS .................................................... 48
A. Lux’s System of Personality............................................................ 48
B. Lux’s Anxiety ………………………….........…………...……….. 58
C. Lux’s Victory .................................................................................. 62
C. Discussion………………................................................................. 63
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ....................................................................................... 69
B. Educational Implication.................................................................... 70
C. Suggestion ........................................................................................ 72
BIBLIOGRAPHY
xii
1