Parupeneus classified into
At sites no. 6, 7, 8 dan 9 found 2,54 – 6,81 Halimeda Sp. The existence of Halimeda which was plant did not increase the abundance of herbivorous
fishes. Halimeda less preferred by the fish because it contains the structure of calcium carbonate in their tissue. McClanahan et al. 2002 states that some
types of Pomacentridae, Scaridae, Acanthuridae and Labridae were observed did not give positive effect to reduce the amount of macro algae Halimeda.
Mullidae that live close to the substrate. These fishes are carnivorous, living by eating invertebrate animals invertebrate feeders
in coral reefs Pattengil et al. 1997.
4.4 Management of Reef Fishes
Total of 135 species from 29 families of reef fish found in the waters of Pasi Island, Selayar Islands District. Majority of this fishes have high economical
value and important for ornamental and fish consumption. The development of mariculture through the floating net cages in this area with using natural seed
would increase the activity to exploit the reef fish resources. Coral reef ecosystems as a shelter to reef fishes will also get more ecological pressure.
The increased pressure is certainly to threaten the existence and survival of coral reef ecosystems and its biota.
Observation for all reef fishes species, 127 species classified into not evaluated NE in the IUCN Red List Status which means that these species have
not been evaluated according to IUCN criteria, whereas 8 species have been included in the list. The fishes were included in the IUCN Red List status is
presented in Table 8. Taeniura lymma classified as target fishes; inserted into stingrays; migrates
in groups into shallow sandy areas during the rising tide to feed on mollusks, worms, shrimps, and crabs; disperses on falling tide to seek shelter in caves and
under ledges; commonly caught by fisheries operating over shallow coral reefs and probably adversely affected by dynamite fishing Michael 1993.
Cephalopholis argus was classified as grouper; highly economic fishes; in Hong Kong live fish markets Lee Sadovy 1998. Cephalopholis boenak used as a
food fish and ornamental fish Fisbase 2010; inhabit sandy habitats and dead corals Kuiter Tonozuka 2001a. Cephalopholis microprion and Epinephelus
bontoides inhabit reef habitats in shallow water and muddy Kuiter Tonozuka 2010a; are fish consumption. Plectropomus areolatus before actual spawning
around full moon, the species aggregates along channels and are responsive to
baited hooks, making them vulnerable to fishermen; upward movements of some to take baited hooks presumably mistaken for courtship or spawning behavior. In
the Hong Kong live fish markets Myers 1999. According to Cheung et al. 2005 Plectropomus areolatus has h
Table 8 The fishes were included in the IUCN Red List status at Pasi Island igh vulnerability.
Species Category
Explanations Taeniura lymma
Lower Risk: near threatened LRNT
Reduction of the stock and starting vulnerable in the future
Cephalopholis argus Least Concern LC
Reduction of the stock Cephalopholis boenak
Least Concern LC , IUCN
Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group
Reduction of the stock Cephalopholis microprion
Least Concern LC Reduction of the stock
Epinephelus bontoides Data deficient DD
, IUCN Grouper and Wrasse
Specialist Group Inadequate information to make a
direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its
distribution andor population status.
Plectropomus areolatus Vulnerable VU
The existence of species in danger, a decline in population
size of ≥ 50 in 10 years in some
areas, A reduction is a decline in the number of mature individuals
so that populations become smaller and limited.
Cromileptes altivelis Vulnerable VU
, IUCN Grouper and Wrasse
Specialist Group The existence of species in
danger, a decline in population size of
≥ 50 in 10 years in some areas, A reduction is a decline in
the number of mature individuals so that populations become
smaller and limited.
Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus
Data deficient DD Inadequate information to make a
direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its
distribution andor population
status.
Cromileptes altivelis generally inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs and are typically found in dead or silty areas; also found around coral reefs and in tide
pools; growth was very slow Myers 1999; feed on small fishes and crustaceans; juveniles are commonly caught for the aquarium trade while adults are utilized as
a food fish; in Hong Kong live fish markets Lee Sadovy 1998. Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus inhabits tide pools, lagoons, and outer reef slopes; found in caves
and crevices; the male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under
the tail Breder Rosen 1966 in Fishbase 2010; has been reared in captivity Lange 1989 in Fishbase 2010.
Figure 15. The Vulnerability level in IUCN Red List status.
The declaration of Pasi Island as Marine Protected Area MPA is an effort to maintain the condition of coral reef ecosystems in this as well as to ensure
sustainability of fish resources. Reef fish resources are renewable dynamical aquatic resources that recovery capabilities determined by the productivity of
aquatic environment to support the process of recruitment and growth to achieve a dynamic balance due to natural mortality or fishing activities. The presence of
reef fish stocks is strongly influenced by fishing activities or natural death or other
4.5 Management of Coral Reefs as Fish Sanctuary
