Theory on the Relation between Literature and Society

for them. This is supported as it is also noted in the Encyclopedia of Race and Ethnic Studies that even though the land of Australia had been occupied by the Aborigines before any of the white settler made any contact, the pastoral and mining frontier that are found from southeast and coastal areas across Australia brought the Aborigines into pressures Cashmore, 2004: 1. The history continues as there were some policies began to be made as in the 1850s, the Australian colonies put the settlers to be in charge of Aboriginal policy. This policy, under a name of ―protection‖ led to a restrictive and racist controls where the Aborigines were put at disadvantage position. Those who were born as mixed descent, were forced out from reserves which was the earlier form of concentration camp, and the children were taken from their families and were admitted to the orphanages, training homes, apprenticeships, and white foster care. Whereas the people of full descent or in other words are purely of Aborigines descendants were made into confinements under strict controls. Thus, these people could be put into labors by the white employers. This Aboriginal Acts had taken away the civil rights of the Aborigines that includes the freedom to do whatever they want, the rights to own properties, freedom to marry anyone belong to a different race, the power over their own family, and the right to put their cultural activities into practice Cashmore, 2004: 1-2. Some of the policies which were made throughout the long history between the Aborigines and the whites would be summarized from the site written by Jenns Korff which the writer thinks are important to be paid attention to in this study. In 1901, there was a policy made which stated that the Commonwealth could legislate for any race but Aborigines. Chief Protector is made the legal guardian for every Aboriginal and half-descent child under 16 years old in the Western Australia Aborigines Act policy in 1905. As in Northern territory, the Aborigines Protection Board Act is passed in 1910 giving the authority to the Board to have a ‗legal‘ control over Aboriginal people on stations and reserves http:www.creativespirits.info. The policies were continued to be developed that in 1911 there is the South Australian Aborigines Act in which every Aboriginal child and any child of ‗half-caste‘ who is under 21 years old would be under the control of a Chief Protector as the legal guardian. Later in 1939 the Aborigines Protection Board replaced the Chief Protector and only then in 1962 the guardianship power is made invalid. Whereas in the Northern territory, the Northern Territory Aboriginals Ordinance is passed which put every child below 18 years old belong to the Aboriginal race and ‗half-caste‘ under the control of Chief Protector as the legal guardian. Anyone under the control of this kind of authority could be forced to go for missions and children were also taken from family by force http:www.creativespirits.info. During the beginning of World War I, in 1914 there were about 400 to 500 Aboriginal children were removed from their families. As in 1915, the Aborigines Protection Board in New South Wales was permitted to remove any Aboriginal children even without court hearing. However, in 1940 this power is invalid after