necessarily to the author and a work of literature might have historical significance but not necessarily literature significance.
d. The Mythopoeic Approach
Critics who use this approach tend to discover certain universally recurrent patterns of human thought in which the works of art. Themes about myths such as
death and rebirth, sacrificial suffering, and fertility rites, can be found in the literature work whether the author is conscious or unconsiuos in using them. It is
difficult to answer if the author is fully aware to use such theme into his work.
e. The Psychological Approach
The Psychological Approach involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent pattern just like the Myothopoiec Approach. The different is the
Psychological uses different body of knowledge. It mostly emphasis on Sigmund Freud and his followers especially the modern psychological movement which get
the biggets effect through Freud’s theory. Many modern writers have influenced by Freud’s theories. Some critics even
use Freud’s ideas to interpret the author’s work before him. Freud’s followers believe that he did not invent behaviour pattern but he analyzed what he believed
had always existed.
2. Theory of Character
According to Rohrberger and Woods, Jr. 1971, a character is a person who involves in a story, acts out in particular time and setting, and experiences some
kind of conflict in the event . The character must be credible so that people sees it
as a real person. There are two kinds of character; the first one is flat characters which are described as one-sided character. The second one is round characters
that have many-side. The most important character and becomes the center in a novel is called protagonist p.20. The opposite character whom the protagonist
most likely involves in conflict with another character is called the antagonist p.21.
Henkle 1977 states that everything which people talk about fiction has something to do with the people in it. The word people here refer to characters in
the novel. Novel itself is a reflection of a deep and rich knowledge of human life p.86. Characters are the representative of human condition and the times which
they life. Characters are categorized into two, which are major characters and secondary characters. Major characters are the main focus in the novel and
frequently appear in the story p.90. By understanding those characters it means that the readers can understand the novel. Major characters hold an important role
to build expectations and desires of the readers. They are created to present convicting dramatizations of the human’s issues. The effectiveness of a novel is
depends on the major characters’ ability to express and dramatize the human’s issues p.92.
Meanwhile secondary characters functioned as supportive characters and performed limited functions. The readers can discover the time and the society in
the novel by observing the secondary characters’ life p.94. Secondary characters can be functioned as point of reference, means that the readers can understand the
major characters through the secondary characters because they are the one who
come on a scene frequently to comment on the event, be friend with the major characters, and interact with the major characters p.95. The secondary characters
are generally less complex and intense. The characters are limited in ways different from the major characters. Their responses toward conflicts are less
complex and interesting so that they may suffer less p.97. A novelist E.M. Forster states that there are two types of characters, round and
flat. Round character has several traits that form a complex and dynamic personality. It means the character changing as the story progress. While flat
character is static from the beginning to the end of the story as cited in Barnet, Burto, and Cain, 2005, pp. 228-228.
3. Theory of Characterization
