Research Method Research Participants

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher would share about the research method, the research participants, the instrument used in the research, the technique of data gathering, the technique of data analyzing and the procedures of research. In this study, the research used descriptive survey research. The sample was the fifth semester students of English Language Education Study Program. The researcher had four stages to conduct the research. The researcher conducted a production test as the instrument of the research and the data was on the students’ answers of the test. Then, the researcher analyzed the data after scoring the students’ answers in order to find the results of the research.

A. Research Method

The researcher used descriptive survey research to answer the research questions in Chapter I. According to Neuman 2000: 250, survey researchers think the alternative explanations in planning the research, measure variables representing the alternative explanations, and statistically examine the effect to rule out the alternative explanations. In survey research, the researchers plan the survey by thinking the reasons conducting the research, measure the variables of the research then examine the results and their correlation with the reasons of conducting research. 30 Parel, et. al 1978: 10 also state that the sample is only a small group of universe, “carefully chosen in such a way that it is truly representative of the universe.” The results of research among the sample represent the results of the population. They add that the difference between the sample estimates and the population estimates can be minimized by “a proper survey design and an adequate sample size” Parel, et.al, 1978:10. Design of survey and size of sample become the crucial parts to conduct a survey research. Survey is a descriptive research because it aims to perform and describe the accurate quantitative of the population Parel, et.al, 1978:10. In this research, the researcher would like to perform and describe mastery of defining and non- defining relative clauses by students of the English Language Education Study Program. The sample was the fifth semester students of English language Education Study Program in academic year of 20092010. This survey applied two data analysis techniques, quantitative data analysis technique to measure mastery of defining and non-defining relative clauses by students of the English Language Education Study Program and qualitative data analysis technique to identify and classify the students’ errors occurred in defining and non-defining relative clauses.

B. Research Participants

The sample of this research was the fifth semester students of English Language Education Study Program in academic year of 20092010. In addition, since this research discussed describe mastery of defining and non-defining 31 relative clauses by students of the English Language Education Study Program, the sample of the research should have passed Structure I to Structure IV classes. Moreover, they were participating Structure V class, so that they had learnt English grammar and structure, especially defining and non-defining relative clauses. It means that the students had learnt and known defining and non- defining relative clauses. In this research, the researcher would measure their mastery of defining and non-defining relative clauses that they had learnt in four levels of Structure class for four semesters. In the research, the researcher used cluster sampling to take the research sample. Cluster sampling is a method to select a sample where the population consists of more than one sampling unit Parel, et.al, 1978:10. Neuman 2000: 209 also adds that a research where the researcher randomly samples clusters and randomly samples the elements among the selected clusters has big advantages. Since the total number of the fifth semester students was about 150 students divided into 4 classes, the researcher took a small group as the representative sample by sampling randomly the students among two randomly selected classes. The researcher decided to take 40 students of Academic Essay class as the representative sample of the research. Because in Academic Essay class E there were only 20 students who came to the class and some of them were shopper students, the researcher selected randomly 10 students of class E excluding the shopper students as the sample of the research. In addition, because all students in Academic Essay class A came to the class and no one among them were shopper students, the researcher selected randomly 30 students of class A as the sample of 32 the research. The researcher assumed that the portion of sample were representative enough to the whole population of fifth semester students in conducting the research. It was because the sample was taken from two classes of four Academic Essay classes. Students in those two classes represented all students in four classes.

C. Research Instruments