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b. Listening Comprehension Skills
There are five keys of listening comprehension skills which the students to acquire, which was summarized by Goh 2002, namely: listening for details,
listening for gist, drawing inferences, listening selectively, and making prediction.
1 Listening for Details
Listening for details involved listening for specific information, such as key words and numbers. Sometimes students have to listen to many details, which
may cause fatigue yet can also become a very intensive activity.
2 Listening for Gist
Listening for gist is meant to listen to the main ideas or the „big picture‟ of a passage. Students focused on the general ideas and not on supporting details.
Experts assumed that this is the skill that effective listeners employ most frequently.
3 Drawing Inferences
Drawing inferences or filling the gaps in the input is the ability that required listeners to „listen between the lines‟. Speakers sometimes leave
information out because they assume the listeners already know it or they are being deliberately ambiguous. Listeners may also miss some parts of speech
because of fatigue, noisy surroundings, distractions and the speaker‟s poor explanation. Buck 2001 stated that inferences vary depending on how much
background knowledge is needed to make the inferences. Inferences are also not only made about situations described in the text, but can also about the motives of
the speaker, or the point the text is intended to illustrate. Clark and Haviland
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
15 1974 claimed, as cited by Buck 2001 that the inferences necessary to
understanding the meaning of a text.
4 Listening Selectively
Listening selectively refers to listening only to specific parts of the input. Listeners are to listen to specific parts of the input, depending on the purpose for
listening. It helps listeners to listen in a more relaxed manner, as they do not need to concentrate on the whole passage. Nevertheless, it may lead the listeners to
ineffective understanding because they may have their own prejudices or bias.
5 Making Prediction
Making prediction is the ability to anticipate before and during listening what is going to be heard. Contexts, co-texts and visual input are the clues
included in making predictions. Listeners tend to listen more purposefully and attentively when they make predictions because they want to find out if they have
predicted correctly.
c. The Importance of Listening Comprehension for EFL Students
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