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information constructing causes
resulting product. Heres
an illustration
in his
information processing someones mind by Hudoyo 2003: INPUT
PROCESS OUTPUT
A = Task C2 = non-verbal information
E2 = knowledge B1 = Symbols Verbal
D1 = Shadow verbal non-verbal
B2 = Manipulative Materials D2 = Shadow of non-verbal
known Figure diagram
D3 = Strategy transformation F =resultsproducts
C1 = Information verbal E1 = verbal knowledge known.
B. Mathematics and Intellectual Development
According to Soleh 1998 : 6, in teaching at schools, a concept mathematics is introduced through concrete objects, but students are encouraged to the process of
abstraction is to ignore the attributes that are not important and then capture the similarities abstraction of objects examples and then make improvements idealization
to sharpen understanding and ultimately capture that sense as a concept abstract generalization. Discussion of mathematics in schools rely spatial reasoning, that is all
the understanding or statement must be explained or demonstrated substantiated by logical reasoning system. In junior high spatial reasoning is still in the form of drawing
conclusion based on or inductive pattern, while in high school is only fitting with deductive.
Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1934, quoted by Ibrahim Nur 2000 stated that intellectual development occurs when individuals faced with new experiences and challenges and
E2 F
D3
D2 D1
C2 C1
B2 B1
A E1
International Seminar on Education “Road to World-Class School” 92
when they trying to solve the problem posed by this experience. Social interaction with other friends and spur the formation of new ideas enrich students intellectual
development. There are two levels of development intellectual students. The first is the actual level, the functioning of intellectual current students and the ability to learn
something special of its own. While the second is the level of potential, which can enable or reach that level with help from others teachers, parents or colleagues who has higher
ability. Learning occurs through social interaction with teachers and colleagues. They are located in the area nearby development Zone of Proximal Development. They need
scaffolding or guidance which intensity gradually reduced until finally off altogether.
C. Concepts of Set in Mathematics
Much of school mathematics concepts based on concept of sets. Concept of Numbers, the concept of function or mapping, and concept of probability and
Statistics are examples of school mathematics materials which are based on the concept of set. So that in this time the concept of set has become one of the main elements in the
foundation of modern mathematics Susilo, 2006 : 5. The concept of a set that is taught in middle school is the concept of Strict Set. The Strict set is a collection of similar
objects whose well defined members. Therefore firmly developed by Georg Cantor 1845 - 1918 at the end of the 19th century, then the set of strict Crisp Set often called a
Cantor set. Susilo, 2006 : 36. Opponents of the strict set is the fuzzy set that is currently popular as one of a new concept in mathematics.
The set in the SMP can be expressed in three forms namely by Roster method, Set Builder notation and Venn Diagram. The Roster method states set by listing all its
members within limits korawal parentheses and separated by commas. Example: The set of integers less than 5 is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}. If this set is written by the form of Set Builder
notation, to {x x 5, x Є A} Anonymus, 2007 : 216-217. As with numbers, the set can also be operated with the other set. There are three operations between two sets or more.
They are Intersection of two sets or more, Union of two sets or more and complement of a set.
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D. Shopping News Method
