Field notes Observation Checklist

C. Research Instruments

Research instruments have the significant role in the research. The instruments employed in this research were the field notes, observation checklist, and interview guidelines.

1. Field notes

An observation cannot be done without taking notes or recording whatever observed Moleong, 1988: 111. Due to the need to record the situation observed, the researcher needed to make his own field notes. According to Bogdan Biklen 1982: 74, field notes are what the researcher hears, sees, experiences, and thinks in the course of collecting and reflecting on the data in a qualitative study. Furthermore, field notes have two main parts, namely, the descriptive part which represents the researcher’s best effort to objectively record the details of events, and the reflective part which represents the subjective sides of the researcher’s view. As a researcher who described and reflected the details of the events, the researcher implemented field notes as his instrument. The researcher collected field notes since he obliged to record students’ comments, questions, and also their attitudes toward the implementation of scanning technique in reading comprehension activities. The researcher recorded what he heard, saw, experienced, and thought in the course of collecting and reflecting on the data of the implementation of scanning technique. Therefore, the researcher implemented field notes to answer the second and third research problems. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2. Observation Checklist

The second instrument was the observation checklist which was conducted to observe students’ reading activities in the class. The observation conducted was the observation within a case study method. The observation of the participants in the case study is the major data gathering the report Bogdan Biklen, 1982: 59. In participant observation, the researcher took parts in activities the participants were studying. Larsen-Freeman Long 1991: 15-16 state that the researchers approach the study by taking notes on whatever they observe and experience. Guba Lincoln 1981: 191-193 in Anggraeni 1995: 33 state that there are some reasons why observation is used in qualitative study. First, the researcher can observe the complicated situations occurred. Second, the observer can see as well as observe by recording the event happened in the observation. In recording the data, the observer needs to record the field notes. The researcher conducted observation by filling observation sheet to record characteristics of scanning technique reflected in students’ steps. The researcher observed their attitudes while they were implementing scanning technique as their strategy to answer reading comprehension questions. The observation sheets were tables of scanning steps that were implemented to answer the first research problem.

3. Interview Guidelines