2.3.1 Climate Factors
Climate factor is one of the physical and environmental factors that affect the quality and quantity of growth and development. This factor needs to get a
specific study, because of the climate variables is a variable that can not be given treatment or modified to make them correspond with the requirements
of growing plants. Even if can be done changes in climate variables, it will require huge costs and no efficient compared with the results or the production
of agricultural commodities and have been determined. Climate factors consist of:
· Annual temperature
o
Celsius. The temperature effect in a metabolisms functions as a determinant of
growth and development phase of the plant. Each plant has a certain temperature limits, so it can grow and develop optimally. Analysis of air
temperature for zoning crop is using the average air temperature taken from the existing climatologically station data and compare with the topography
of the region using Braak equation. T = 27,3 - 0,0061h
for 0 h 2000 asl T = 25,5
A condition called dry months when average monthly rainfall less than 60mm. The availability, timing and distribution of water is the primary
factor shaping the dynamics of the savanna ecosystem. The savanna experiences recurrent episodes of drought lasting 4-8 months out of the
year. During this periods is plant activities is growing, dying, decomposing, but at vastly reduced rates. Some studies have shown that
resistance to drought is more important to savanna vegetation than resistance to fire. The plants that thrive in the savannas employ many
strategies to exploit available water and to survive from this condition. The mechanisms of survival endow the savanna with its characteristic
appearance. The primary water recruitment strategy of savanna tree species is to
maintain an extensive root system. The root system may extend deep underground, sometimes reaching the water table, or it may be a shallow,
lateral system designed to harvest water over a broad area. Most leaves are lost during the dry period. Seeds grow within thick casings that allow them
to survive until the first rainfall before germinating. And in the midst of this thorny, corky, leathery protection, delicate, showy flowers bloom
briefly on grasses and shrubs. In contrast to the grasses, savanna trees may conduct the entirety of
their reproductive cycle during the dry season. Such a strategy would maximize the amount of foliage available for photosynthesis during the
rainy season.
2.3.2 Soil Factors
Kategori