sound around him for months before he could mention one word. No one told the baby to speak. A child speaks when he is ready to do it.
In the Natural Approach Krashen developed by Terrel, students listen to teachers who communicate with foreign language learning process started
early. Teachers can help students to understand the material by using a picture and some words in the mother tongue. Natural Approach almost the same as
Direct Method. In the Total Physical Response TPR, students listen and respond to verbal instructions of teachers. Form the instructions such as Turn
around, Sit down, Walk, Stop, Jump, etc.
The techniques in The Total Physical Response Method: a. Using Commands to Direct Method
b. Role Reversal c. Action sequences
8. The Communicative Approach Communicative Language Teaching
Mumbly 1978 called the Communicative Approach as Communicative Syllabus. Widdowson refer to it as Communicative Approach, while Richards
Rogers called it Communicative Language Teaching CLT.
Communicative ApproachCA Communicative Language Teaching is derived from changes to the tradition of language teaching in England in the late
1960s and reinforced by its appearance:
a. Failure Audio Lingual Method of producing speakers of foreign-language speakers or danger YSA both good and fluent but not able to use the
language learned in a meaningful interaction. b. Chomskys view of creativity and uniqueness of the sentence as the basic
characteristic of a language. CA aims to make communicative competence communicative
competence as the goal of language teaching and to develop techniques and procedures for teaching language skills that are based on interdependent
aspects of language and communication. Communicative competence includes grammatical competence, sociolinguistic, and strategies.
Communicative language ability communicative language ability includes knowledge or
competence and proficiency in the application of these competencies in the communicative use of language, contextual, and appropriate.
Some descriptions of the communicative competence of the general view that the meaning of proficiency in a language not just knowing the rules of
grammatical system phonology, syntax, vocabulary, and semantics. The focus of this method is basically the elaboration and implementation of programs and
methodologies that support the ability of functional language learning through participation in communicative activities.
g. Conclusion
Learning model has a broader meaning of the approaches, strategies, methods, and techniques. Therefore, a design is called learning or lesson plans
using the learning model when has four special features, namely a rational theoretical logically arranged by the creator or developer, b the foundation of
thought about what and how students learn objective of learning to be achieved, c the behavior necessary for the model can be implemented
successfully, and d learning environment necessary for learning objectives can be achieved.
A model of learning will include among others: a a description of the learning environment, b the approach, methods, techniques, and strategies, c
the benefits of learning, d learning materials curriculum, e media, and f instructional design.
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Badudu, J.S. 1996. Pintar Berbahasa Indonesia 1: Petunjuk Guru Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Joyce, B., Weil, M., 1992. Models of teaching. Fourth Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kardi, Soeparman. Mohammad Nur. 2000. Pengajaran Langsung. Surabaya:
Universitas Negeri Malang. Pringgawidagda. 2002, Strategi Penguasaan Berbahasa. Yogyakarta: Adi Cita
Karya Nusa, Richards, J. C. Rogers, T. S. 1986. Approaches and methods in language
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