The Audio-Lingual Method Models of English Language Learning
e. Language that other one with a different Richards Rodgers 1986 add some principles of learning that has
become the basis of audio-lingualisme psychology and its application as follows: a. Learning a foreign language is essentially a process of habit formation
that the mechanistic b. Language skills to learn more effectively if the aspect that must be
studied in the target language is presented in an oral form before showing in written form.
c. The forms of analogy provide a better foundation for language learners than other forms of analysis, generalization, and the distinctions better
than an explanation of the rules. d. The meaning of the words that are owned by native speakers can be
studied only in the context of language and culture and do not stand alone.
Richards Rogers also said that the language skills taught in this order: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Forms of teaching and learning
activities ALM is basically a conversation and exercises drills and exercise patterns pattern practice.Conversation serves as a tool to put the key
structures on the context and provide illustrations situations where such structures are used by native speakers, so the cultural aspect as well as the
application of the target language. Repetition and memorization becomes a dominant activity in this method. Certain grammatical patterns in conversations
selected to serve as training activity patterns. Learning activities based on the ALM are: repetition, inflection, replacement, restatement, completion,
transposition, expansion, contraction, transformation, integration, rejoinders, and restoration.
Learning Procedure Using ALM: Teacher Activities
a. As models at all stages of learning. b. Use English mother tongue as much as possible and as little as possible.
c. Exercise them to listening and speaking skills of students without the
written language first. d. Teach structure through exercise sound patterns, sequences, shapes, and
not through explanations.
e. Giving other forms of written language of the target after sounds really mastered students.
f. Minimizing of vocabulary to students prior to all public structures
controlled. g. Teaches vocabulary in context.
Student Activities a. Listen to a conversation as a model teacher or tape that contains the
key structure that became the focus of learning, they repeat each line of the conversation individually and together, memorize it and students do
not see the book.
b. Changing the settings dialog with the place or the other according to the tastes of students.
c. Practicing the key structure of the conversation together and then individually.
d. Referring to the text book and follow up with reading, writing or vocabulary that is based on an existing conversation, writing begins in
the form of copying and then can be improved.
Teaching techniques in ALM Audio-Lingual Method: a. Dialog Memorization
b. Transformation Drill c. Backward Build-up expansion Drill
d. Question-and-Answer Drill e. Repetition Drill
f.
Use of Minimal Pairs g. Chain Drill
h. Complete the Dialogue i.
Single-slot Substitution Drill j.
Grammar Game k. Multiple-slot Substitution Drill