F. Technique of Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the researcher used t
test
formula through SPSS Special Package of the Social Sciences version 22 software. The t-test is one of a number
of hypothesis tests. Before calculated t-test, the researcher did normality and homogeneity tests first.
1. Normality Test
Normality test is performed to show whether the data from the sample is normal or not, the sample is taken from experimental and controlled group, both
post-test and pre-test group. If the normality of the data is more than the level of significance a 0.05, scores are normally distributed. The normality test is
performed using Kolmogrov Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk. This is the example of the data using SPSS:
Table 3.2 The example of Normality Test in SPSS 22
Tests of Normality
Kelas Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk Statistic
df Sig.
Statistic Df
Sig. Pretest Experiment
.170 20
.134 .907
20 .055
Control .174
20 .115
.908 20
.059 a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
2. Homogeneity Test
Homogeneity test is performed to show whether the data from the two groups, experimental and controlled class, have the same variant in order that the
hypothesis can be tested by t-test or not. Here is the result of homogeneity test of the data:
Table 3.3 The example of Homogeneity Test in SPSS 22
3. Hypothesis Test
After getting the data from pre-test and post-test from experimental and control class, the researcher needs to find out the differences score using
Clustering technique. Here, the two classes are compared to the independent variable, the experimental class is X variable and the controlled class is Y
variable. The researcher used statistical calculation of the t-test with significant degree 5 and 1. The formula of t
test
is expressed as follows:
3
Where: Mx
= mean of variable X My
= mean of variable Y SE
= standard error
But before calculate the data using t-test formula; the researcher analyzed the students’ writing recount text score by using several processes as follows:
1. Determining Mean of Variable X: ∑
3
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p.324.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Pretest Levene Statistic
df1 df2
Sig. .140
1 38
.711
2. Determining Mean of Variable Y: ∑
3. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable X: √
∑
4. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable Y: √
∑
5. Determining Standard Error of Mean of Variable X: √
6. Determining Standard Error of Mean of Variable Y: √
7. Determining Standard Error of Difference of Mean of Variable X and Y: √
The last procedure is determining df degree of freedom with formula: Where:
M = the average of students score
SD = standard deviation
SE = standard errors
X = experimental class
Y = control class
N
x
= number of students of Experiment class
N
y
= number of students of Control class Df
= degree of freedom
G. Statistical Hypothesis
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