AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS USAGE OF PROCEDURE WRITING BY THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMAN 1 PANCUR BATU.

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AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF PREPOSITIONS AND

CONJUNCTIONS USAGE OF PROCEDURE

WRITING BY THE TENTH GRADE

STUDENTS AT SMAN 1

PANCUR BATU

A THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

SYLVIA SUZANNA BR PERANGIN-ANGIN

Registration Number. 2111521014

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

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DECLARATION

Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, it has been expressed in my own word and has not been previously submitted for assessment.

I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for plagiarism.

Medan, May 2016

Sylvia Suzanna Br P

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i ABSTRACT

Perangin-angin, Sylvia Suzanna. 2016. 2111521014. An Error Analysis of Prepositions and Conjunctions Usage of Procedure Writing by the Tenth Grade Students at SMA N 1 Pancurbatu. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.

This study aimed at analyzing the errors of prepositions and conjunctions usage on students’ procedure writing. It was conducted by using qualitative descriptive method. The population of this research was the tenth (X) grade students of SMA N 1 Pancur Batu. The number of samples were taken from class X-1 which consisted of 37 students. The instrument for collecting data was writing procedure text. The result of the study showed that there are many preposition and conjunction errors found in the students’ procedure writing. The analysis showed that the most common type of preposition and conjunction errors made by the students was selection errors (45.2%) with 91 cases of preposition and 9 cases of conjunction. From the data analysis, it was found that the main causes of preposition and conjunction errors was Interference (35.7%).

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

For the first and foremost, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to Almighty God, Jesus Christ for His amazing grace, for the blessing and love so the researcher has finally completed this thesis. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan of English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED). For which the researcher would like to express her extremely grateful to the following:

 Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department, Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education Study Program.

 Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum., her First Thesis Consultant, and Rita Suswati, S.Pd., M.Hum., her second Thesis Consultant, for their valuable advice, precious time, guidance, their patient, suggestions and support as long as the process of finishing thesis.  Dra. Meisuri, MA and Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed her

Examiners for their kindness, suggestion, support and information to improve her writing.

 All the Lecturers of English Teaching Department.

 Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, M.Pd and Sir Pantes, the administration staff of English and Literature Departement for giving information in completing her thesis.

 Drs. Joni, M.Si., the Headmaster of SMAN 1 Pancur Batu for allowing her to do the research there.

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 Asbon Pardosi, S.Pd., the English teacher of SMAN 1 Pancur Batu for the support and guidance along the reasearch.

 Her beloved parents, dr. Mission Perangin-angin and Kasta Jenny Br Tarigan, for giving her everlasting love, affection, time, prayer, advice and great motivation especially in the time of completing this thesis.

 Her brother, dr. Senior Tawarta Perangin-angin, Sp.PD and her dearest sister, Siska Apulina Br Perangin-angin, S.Pd, for giving her support, prayer and motivation so that she able to finish her study.  Her friends from Extension C 2011, for the togetherness until 8

semesters and also her friends from PPLT 2014 in SMAN 1 Tigapanah.

 Her best friends, Monica, Bimbim, Bang Heri and Elkana, for giving her support and motivation, also her friends in Kost Panglima 26 (Loso, Novia, Sinta, Kak Septa, Kak Win, Tanti, Leha, Kak Der).  Her weird-best friends, Putri Ester Tarigan and Santa Mutia Manik,

for their weirdness, their kindness, precious time, prayers and endless love.

The last, but not the least, the writer hopes this thesis will be useful and give positive impact for those who read it. Especially for the students of State University of Medan.

Medan, May 2016 The Writer,

Sylvia Suzanna Br P Reg. No. 2111521014

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv

LIST OF TABLES ... vi

LIST OF FIGURES ... vii

LIST OF APPENDICES ... viii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. The Background of the Study ... 1

B. The Problem of the Study ... 2

C. The Objective of the Study ... 2

D. The Scope of the Study ... 3

E. The Significances of the Study ... 3

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 4

A. Theoretical Framework ... 4

1. Errors and Mistakes ... 4

a. Error Analysis ... 5

b. The Causes of Errors ... 6

c. Types of Errors ... 7

d. The Advantages of Error Analysis ... 9

2. Part of Speech ... 11

a. Verbs ... 11

b. Nouns ... 11

c. Pronouns ... 11

d. Adjectives ... 12

e. Adverb ... 12

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g. Conjunctions ... 15

h. Interjections ... 17

3. Genre ... 17

a. Procedure Text ... 18

b. The Example of Procedure Text ... 20

B. Relevant Studies ... 21

C. Conceptual Framework ... 22

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 24

A. Research Design ... 24

B. The Source of Data and Data ... 24

C. The Procedure of Collecting Data ... 25

D. The Technique of Analyzing the Data ... 26

CHAPTER IV. THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 27

A. Data ... 27

B. Data Analysis ... 28

C. Discussion ... 29

1. Types of Preposition and Conjunction Errors ... 29

2. The Causes of Students’ Preposition and Conjunction Errors on Procedure Writing ... 35

D. The Research Finding ... 39

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions ... 40

B. Suggestions ... 41

REFERENCES ... 42

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 2.1. The Example of Procedure Text ... 18

Table 2.2 Types of Prepositions ... 20

Table 2.3. Types and Examples of Conjunctions ... 22

Table 4.1.Total of preposition and conjunction errors ... 29

Table 4.2. Examples of Students’ Errors in Selection ... 32

Table 4.3. Examples of Students’ Error in Addition ... 33

Table 4.4. Examples of Students’ Error in Miss-ordering ... 34

Table 4.5. Examples of Students’ Error in Omission ... 36

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vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Pages Figure 4.1. Types of Error ... 31 Figure 4.2 Percentages of Error Cause ... 38

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viii

LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages Appendix A. Writing Test ... 46 Appendix B. Students’ Writing ... 47 Appendix C. Number of Students’ Error ... 64

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1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

Writing as one of four language skill is not easy. It requires much concentration, practice in composing and it should be comprehended well by the students. Students are expected to able write types of writing such as recount, narrative, descriptive, etc. As one of the basic language skills and productive skill, writing has a very complex process.

It is a comprehensive ability which consists of grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, appropriate content, word selection, topic, occasion and punctuation. Before we write, we need to follow a series of process. Therefore, in a process there must be some errors made by students.

Based on the writer’s observation in SMAN 1 Pancurbatu, the errors were also made by students there. In addition to these errors, usually it happened in choosing prepositions and conjunctions, especially writing procedure. They made errors in putting the wrong prepositions and conjunctions so it will change the meaning. Even most of students forgot and did not know about prepositions and conjunctions sometimes teacher did not aware about these mistakes and just remind the students when they made such error without any correction (Fang, 2007).

Related to the problems, some researchers analyzed errors in students’ writing. All analysis are expected to know the most dominant error made

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by students in writing genre. But, the fact is not all errors were specifically analyzed.

The writer chooses to analyze errors in prepositions and conjunctions usage of students’ writing procedure because it is specific and according to the previous study, not only students in junior high school made errors in prepositions and conjunctions but also students in senior high school. B. The Problem of the Study

Based on the background of the study on the previous, the problems were formulated as follows.

1. What types of preposition and conjunction errors which is the mostly common on students’ procedure text?

2. What are the causes of prepositions and conjunctions error found in procedure writing of the tenth grade students at SMAN 1 Pancurbatu? C. The Objective of the Study

Based on the statement of the problems above the writer had some purposes.

1. To identify and classify the types of prepositions and conjunctions error in procedure writing by the tenth grade students at SMAN 1 Pancurbatu. 2. To find out the causes of prepositions and conjunctions error in procedure

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D. The Scope of the Study

The study dealed with the errors anaysis. The study focused on the identification, classification the types of errors, to know the most error that students commit, and to find out the causes of errors on using prepositions and conjunctions in procedure writing by the tenth grade students at SMAN 1 Pancurbatu.

E. The Significance of the Study

The study was expected to have both theoretical and practical perspectives.

1. Theoretical Perspectives

The writer hopes that this research wiil be inspiring English teacher to give correction and more exercises about prepositions and conjunctions clearly.

2. Practical Perspectives a. For the Teachers

The result of this research can be useful for teaching prepositions and conjunctions in writing procedure text.

b. For the Students

The students can use prepositions and conjunctions better, in writing out of procedure text.

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40 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusion

Based on the data analysis, it was found that the students made many errors in their procedure writing.

1. The total of errors and the number of Error causes showed that every students made errors in their writing. Selection was the mostly

common error on students’ procedure text with the total was 100 . 2. The Interference was the mostly cause of errors with the total was 79.

So, from the calculation of the data, it can be concluded that there were 221 in total of errors of prepostitions and conjunctions usage of procedure writing by 37 students on the tenth grade at SMAN 1 Pancur Batu.

B. Suggestions

After the writer carried out the research, she would like to give suggestions related to the result of this research. Hopefully it can be applied easily in teaching and learning activity and decrease the errors.

1. The teachers should keep teaching and explaining more to students how to use appropriate preposition and conjunction especially on writing procedure text.

2. Writing is a skill which needs process and practice. Therefore, the students should practice writing not only in the simplest one such as writing daily activity but also in writing scientific such as procedure text. Then, they

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must learn more about applying preposition and conjunction on their writing.

3. This reseacrh is not too complete yet and needs additional explanation. It still need elaboration from other researchers who are interested on studying preposition and conjunction also but of course in the different genre of writing and sample of population.

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