AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK An Error Analysis In Writing Descriptive Text Made By The Tenth Grade Students Of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta In 2016/2017 Academic Year.
AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
MADE BY THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 SURAKARTA IN 2016/2017 ACADEMIC
YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
ANA YULIANA
A 320 120 190
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
TESTIMONY
I am as the researcher, signed on the statement bellow:
Name
: Ana Yuliana
NIM
: A320120190
Study Program
: Department of English Education
Title
: An Error Analysis Writing Descriptive Text Made by the Tenth
Grade Student of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in 2016/
2017 Academic Year
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary works which have been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a certain
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, expect those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript
and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 7 December 2016
Ana Yuliana
iv
MOTTO
Always be thankful to be happy
jadilah sosok yang luar biasa, namun tetaplah bersikap sederhana.
v
DEDICATION
Proudly and lovingly, the researcher dedicates this research to:
My irreplaceable father and mother “Mr. Dalji and Mrs. Narni”
My beloved sisters “Rahayu and Sari”
My beloved brother “Sugianto”
My beloved friends “Badariyah, Eri, Fadhil, Leni, Dyah, Yani,
Auliya, Nanik, Tunjung”
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Alhamdulillai robbil ‘alamin, all praises just for Allah SWT who gave all of
his grace, so the researcher can finish this research. Thank to our prophet
Muhammad SAW for the guidance and bringing the human into the truth, so the
writer can be the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the bachelor degree in
English department. This research paper entitled An Error Analysis in Writing
Descriptive Text Made by the Tenth Grade Students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1
Surakarta in 2016/2017 Academic Year. the writer also appreciation to the
following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum as the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Maully Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D, as the Head of English Department on
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Nur Hidayat, M.Pd as the first consultant who has been willing be her consultant
during the process of writing this research paper.
4. Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.pd, M.Hum as her academic consultant.
5. Muhammad Yusuf S.Pd as the English teacher of SMK Muhammadiyah 1
Surakarta who has helped the writer to carry out the researcher in the class.
6. Students of XC calss of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta who has willing to be
subject of this research.
7. Her irreplaceable father and mother, Mr. Dalji and Mrs. Narni that always give
their love and always support in her life.
8. Her beloved sisters and brother, Rahayu, Sugianti, Sari who always support and
give motivation to her.
9. Her best friend from in junior high school until now, Badariyah that always
support, give motivation and suggestion to her.
vii
10. Her best friends at English Department class E, Eri, Fadillah, Dyah, Leni,
Auliya, Nanik, Tunjung that always support each other
The writer apologizes to all those who helped but could not be mention on by
one. The writer hopes this research could be useful for the reader.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Surakarta, 7 December 2016
The Researcher
Ana Yuliana
A320120190
viii
SUMMARY
ANA YULIANA. A320120190. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE
TEXT
MADE
BY
THE
TENTH
GRADE
STUDENTS OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 SURAKARTA IN
2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR. RESEARCH PAPER. SCHOOL OF
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
This research is about an error analysis in writing descriptive text made by the tenth
grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in 2016/2017 academic year.
The aims of this research are: (1) to know the types of error in the writing descriptive
text made by the tenth grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in their
descriptive text. (2) to know the most frequent error made by the tenth grade students
of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in their writing descriptive text. The researcher
uses quantitative research, because the researcher only counts the percentage of
errors from the data. To get the data, the researcher used elicitation method in her
research. The subject of this research is the tenth grade students of SMK
Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta. The object of this research is the erroneous taken from
24 student’s worksheet in writing descriptive text. The types of errors that found by
researcher are lexical error, grammatical error, and discourse error. (1) the lexical
error level is 75 errors or 38,5%, (2) the grammatical error is 118 errors or 60,5%, (3)
the discourse error is 2 errors or 1%. The highest error is distortion with the total 38
errors or 19,5%.
Key word: error analysis, descriptive text, types of errors.
ix
RINGKASAN
ANA YULIANA. A320120190. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE
TEXT
MADE
BY
THE
TENTH
GRADE
STUDENTS OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 SURAKARTA IN
2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR. RESEARCH PAPER. SCHOOL OF
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
Penelitian ini adalah tentang analisis kesalahan dalam menulis teks deskriptif yang
dibuat oleh siswa kelas X SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2016/2017.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) menjelaskan jenis-jenis kesalahan di dalam teks
deskriptif yang dibuat oleh siswa kelas X SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Suirakarta. (2)
menjelaskan frekuensi kesalahan yang dibuat oleh siswa kelas X SMK
Muhammadiah 1 Surakarta. Peneliti menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif, karena
penelita hanya menghitung persentase kesalahan dari data . Untuk memperoleh data,
peneliti menggunakan metode elisitasi di dalam penelitiannya. Objek penelitian ini
jenis-jenis kesalahan yang diambil dari lembar kerja 24 siswa dalam menulis teks
deskriptif. Jenis-jenis kesalah yang ditemukan oleh peneliti adalah leksikal, tata
bahasa, dan tulisan. (1) tinkat kesalah leksikal adalah 75 kesalahan atau 38,5%, (2)
tingkat kesalahan tata bahasa adalah 118 kesalahan atau 60,5%, (3) tingkat kesalaha
tulisan adalah 2 kesalahan atau 1%. Kesalahan tertinggi adala kesalahan ejaan
dengan jumlah 38 kesalahan atau 19,5%.
Kata kunci: analisis kesalahan, deskriptif teks, jenis-jenis kesalahan.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
COVER ............................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ........................................................................................................ ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY ..................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................... vii
SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
A. Background of the Study ...................................................... 1
B. Limitation of the Study ......................................................... 3
C. Problem Statement ............................................................... 3
D. Objective of the Study .......................................................... 4
E. Significance of the Study ..................................................... 4
F. Research Paper Organization ............................................... 4
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................. 6
A. Previous Study ...................................................................... 6
B. Underlying Theory .............................................................. 10
1. Notion of Error Analysis ................................................ 10
xi
2. The Different between Error and Mistake ...................... 11
3. Classification of Error ..................................................... 11
a. Linguistic Category ................................................. 11
1) Morphological Error .......................................... 12
2) Grammatical Error............................................. 12
3) Discourse Error ................................................. 12
4) Lexical Error ..................................................... 15
b. Surface Strategy ...................................................... 17
1) Omission ........................................................... 17
2) Addition ............................................................ 17
3) Misformation .................................................... 18
4) Misordering ...................................................... 18
c. Comparative ........................................................... 18
1) Development Error ........................................... 19
2) Interlingual Error .............................................. 19
d.
Communicative Effect ............................................ 19
1) Global Error ...................................................... 19
2) Local Error ........................................................ 19
4.
Sources of Errors .................................................................. 19
1. Interlingual Transfer ....................................................... 19
2. Intralingual Transfer ....................................................... 20
3. Context of Learning ........................................................ 20
4. Communicative Strategy Based Errors ........................... 20
5.
Notion of Writing ................................................................. 20
6.
The Kind of Text .................................................................. 21
7.
Notion of Descriptive Text ................................................... 23
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ........................................................... 24
A. Type of the Research ........................................................... 24
B. Subject and Object of the Research ..................................... 24
C. Data and Data Source .......................................................... 24
xii
D. Method of Collecting Data .................................................. 24
E. Technique for Analyzing Data ............................................ 25
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION .......................... 26
A. Research Finding ................................................................. 26
B. Discussion of Finding .......................................................... 45
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..................................... 48
A. Conclusion ........................................................................... 48
B. Suggestion ........................................................................... 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
MADE BY THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 SURAKARTA IN 2016/2017 ACADEMIC
YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
ANA YULIANA
A 320 120 190
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
TESTIMONY
I am as the researcher, signed on the statement bellow:
Name
: Ana Yuliana
NIM
: A320120190
Study Program
: Department of English Education
Title
: An Error Analysis Writing Descriptive Text Made by the Tenth
Grade Student of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in 2016/
2017 Academic Year
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary works which have been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a certain
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, expect those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript
and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 7 December 2016
Ana Yuliana
iv
MOTTO
Always be thankful to be happy
jadilah sosok yang luar biasa, namun tetaplah bersikap sederhana.
v
DEDICATION
Proudly and lovingly, the researcher dedicates this research to:
My irreplaceable father and mother “Mr. Dalji and Mrs. Narni”
My beloved sisters “Rahayu and Sari”
My beloved brother “Sugianto”
My beloved friends “Badariyah, Eri, Fadhil, Leni, Dyah, Yani,
Auliya, Nanik, Tunjung”
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Alhamdulillai robbil ‘alamin, all praises just for Allah SWT who gave all of
his grace, so the researcher can finish this research. Thank to our prophet
Muhammad SAW for the guidance and bringing the human into the truth, so the
writer can be the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the bachelor degree in
English department. This research paper entitled An Error Analysis in Writing
Descriptive Text Made by the Tenth Grade Students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1
Surakarta in 2016/2017 Academic Year. the writer also appreciation to the
following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum as the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Maully Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D, as the Head of English Department on
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Nur Hidayat, M.Pd as the first consultant who has been willing be her consultant
during the process of writing this research paper.
4. Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.pd, M.Hum as her academic consultant.
5. Muhammad Yusuf S.Pd as the English teacher of SMK Muhammadiyah 1
Surakarta who has helped the writer to carry out the researcher in the class.
6. Students of XC calss of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta who has willing to be
subject of this research.
7. Her irreplaceable father and mother, Mr. Dalji and Mrs. Narni that always give
their love and always support in her life.
8. Her beloved sisters and brother, Rahayu, Sugianti, Sari who always support and
give motivation to her.
9. Her best friend from in junior high school until now, Badariyah that always
support, give motivation and suggestion to her.
vii
10. Her best friends at English Department class E, Eri, Fadillah, Dyah, Leni,
Auliya, Nanik, Tunjung that always support each other
The writer apologizes to all those who helped but could not be mention on by
one. The writer hopes this research could be useful for the reader.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Surakarta, 7 December 2016
The Researcher
Ana Yuliana
A320120190
viii
SUMMARY
ANA YULIANA. A320120190. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE
TEXT
MADE
BY
THE
TENTH
GRADE
STUDENTS OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 SURAKARTA IN
2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR. RESEARCH PAPER. SCHOOL OF
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
This research is about an error analysis in writing descriptive text made by the tenth
grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in 2016/2017 academic year.
The aims of this research are: (1) to know the types of error in the writing descriptive
text made by the tenth grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in their
descriptive text. (2) to know the most frequent error made by the tenth grade students
of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in their writing descriptive text. The researcher
uses quantitative research, because the researcher only counts the percentage of
errors from the data. To get the data, the researcher used elicitation method in her
research. The subject of this research is the tenth grade students of SMK
Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta. The object of this research is the erroneous taken from
24 student’s worksheet in writing descriptive text. The types of errors that found by
researcher are lexical error, grammatical error, and discourse error. (1) the lexical
error level is 75 errors or 38,5%, (2) the grammatical error is 118 errors or 60,5%, (3)
the discourse error is 2 errors or 1%. The highest error is distortion with the total 38
errors or 19,5%.
Key word: error analysis, descriptive text, types of errors.
ix
RINGKASAN
ANA YULIANA. A320120190. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE
TEXT
MADE
BY
THE
TENTH
GRADE
STUDENTS OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 SURAKARTA IN
2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR. RESEARCH PAPER. SCHOOL OF
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
Penelitian ini adalah tentang analisis kesalahan dalam menulis teks deskriptif yang
dibuat oleh siswa kelas X SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2016/2017.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) menjelaskan jenis-jenis kesalahan di dalam teks
deskriptif yang dibuat oleh siswa kelas X SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Suirakarta. (2)
menjelaskan frekuensi kesalahan yang dibuat oleh siswa kelas X SMK
Muhammadiah 1 Surakarta. Peneliti menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif, karena
penelita hanya menghitung persentase kesalahan dari data . Untuk memperoleh data,
peneliti menggunakan metode elisitasi di dalam penelitiannya. Objek penelitian ini
jenis-jenis kesalahan yang diambil dari lembar kerja 24 siswa dalam menulis teks
deskriptif. Jenis-jenis kesalah yang ditemukan oleh peneliti adalah leksikal, tata
bahasa, dan tulisan. (1) tinkat kesalah leksikal adalah 75 kesalahan atau 38,5%, (2)
tingkat kesalahan tata bahasa adalah 118 kesalahan atau 60,5%, (3) tingkat kesalaha
tulisan adalah 2 kesalahan atau 1%. Kesalahan tertinggi adala kesalahan ejaan
dengan jumlah 38 kesalahan atau 19,5%.
Kata kunci: analisis kesalahan, deskriptif teks, jenis-jenis kesalahan.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
COVER ............................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ........................................................................................................ ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY ..................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................... vii
SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
A. Background of the Study ...................................................... 1
B. Limitation of the Study ......................................................... 3
C. Problem Statement ............................................................... 3
D. Objective of the Study .......................................................... 4
E. Significance of the Study ..................................................... 4
F. Research Paper Organization ............................................... 4
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................. 6
A. Previous Study ...................................................................... 6
B. Underlying Theory .............................................................. 10
1. Notion of Error Analysis ................................................ 10
xi
2. The Different between Error and Mistake ...................... 11
3. Classification of Error ..................................................... 11
a. Linguistic Category ................................................. 11
1) Morphological Error .......................................... 12
2) Grammatical Error............................................. 12
3) Discourse Error ................................................. 12
4) Lexical Error ..................................................... 15
b. Surface Strategy ...................................................... 17
1) Omission ........................................................... 17
2) Addition ............................................................ 17
3) Misformation .................................................... 18
4) Misordering ...................................................... 18
c. Comparative ........................................................... 18
1) Development Error ........................................... 19
2) Interlingual Error .............................................. 19
d.
Communicative Effect ............................................ 19
1) Global Error ...................................................... 19
2) Local Error ........................................................ 19
4.
Sources of Errors .................................................................. 19
1. Interlingual Transfer ....................................................... 19
2. Intralingual Transfer ....................................................... 20
3. Context of Learning ........................................................ 20
4. Communicative Strategy Based Errors ........................... 20
5.
Notion of Writing ................................................................. 20
6.
The Kind of Text .................................................................. 21
7.
Notion of Descriptive Text ................................................... 23
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ........................................................... 24
A. Type of the Research ........................................................... 24
B. Subject and Object of the Research ..................................... 24
C. Data and Data Source .......................................................... 24
xii
D. Method of Collecting Data .................................................. 24
E. Technique for Analyzing Data ............................................ 25
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION .......................... 26
A. Research Finding ................................................................. 26
B. Discussion of Finding .......................................................... 45
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..................................... 48
A. Conclusion ........................................................................... 48
B. Suggestion ........................................................................... 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii