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3.5 Instruments of the Study
An instrument is used in the research to gather the data. According to Arikunto 2002:136, research instrument is a device used by researcher while
collecting data to make her work becomes easier and to get better result, complete, and systematic in order to make the data easy to be processed. In this
study, some instruments were used in form of field notes, test, and questionnaire in order to measure the achievement of the students in speaking skill.
3.5.1 Field note
Field note was used to note finding and improvement during action step in each cycle. This study used two field notes were encompassed:
a. Observation toward the students:
There were five aspects of observation, such as the students’ attendance, the students’ interest and motivation, the students’ activities during the
teaching learning process, the students’ activities in focusing the attention to the teacher’s explanation, and the students’ cooperation in their group
during the lesson see appendix 57. b.
Observation toward the teacher’s way of teaching. There were nine aspects of observation, such as: teacher’s ability in
preparing the teaching learning process, opening the lesson, developing teaching learning process, explaining the material, managing the class,
using the language, using media, conducting the assessment and closing the lesson see appendix 68.
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3.5.2 Test
Test is an important part of every teaching and learning experience. Tests are a set of questions that is used to measure the skills knowledge, intelligence,
and talent of an individual or a group. As stated by Brown 2002:3 test is a method of measuring a person’s ability, knowledge, or performance in a given
domain. There were four tests which had been conducted during the research,
namely test cycle 1 and test cycle 2. All of the tests were in the form of dialogue. The students should perform a dialogue both in pairs and groups based on the
cued dialogue given by the teacher. After they had already prepared the dialogues, they should perform the dialogues with their partner in front of the
class. While they were performing their dialogues, teacher recorded and assessed their speaking ability. The assessments aspects of those tests were pronunciation,
grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. The difference between the mean of the test cycle 1 and the test cycle 2
scores were also analyzed in order to know the improvement from the test cycle 1 to test cycle 2. The formula below is used to calculate the mean of each test.
and In which:
1
X
: the mean of the test cycle 2 score
2
X
: the mean of the test cycle 1 score N
: the number of the subject sample ∑X
1
: the total scores of the students’ test cycle 2
1 1
1
N X
= X
∑
2 2
2
X N
X
∑
=
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∑X
2
: the total scores of the students’ test cycle 1
3.5.3 Questionnaire
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