chosen, learners are likely to be motivated to attend and understand in order to enjoy it.
2. Songs: sing a song yourself, or play a recording of one. Note, however,
that if no response is required learners may simply enjoy the music without understanding the words.
3. Entertainment: films, theater, video. As with stories, if the contents are
really entertaining interesting, stimulating, humorous and dramatic learners will be motivated to make the effort to understand without the
need for any further task.
20
B. Computer Assisted Language Learning CALL
1. Definition of CALL
CALL as the research for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning. CALL embraces a wide range of ICT application
and approaches to the teaching and learning foreign languages.
21
Before using CALL term, the term of CALI Computer-assisted language instruction was known, reflecting its origins as a subset of the general term CAI
Computer-assisted instruction. CALL began to replace CALI in the early 1980s and it is now incorporated into the names of the growing number of professional
CALL associations worldwide.
22
The current philosophy of CALL puts a strong emphasis on student-centered materials that allow learners to work on their own. Such materials may be
structured or not, but they usually represent two features, interactive and individualize learning.
23
The main aim of CALL is to find ways for using computers for the purpose of teaching and learning the language. CALL is the use of computer technologies
that promote educational learning, including word processing, presentation
20
Penny Ur, A Course in Language Teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 113.
21
M. Levy, CALL: context and conceptualization, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 1.
22
Tryanuarsih.wordpress.com20110131teaching-listening-using-Call
23
Ibid,.
packages, guided drill and practice, tutor, simulation, problem solving, games, multimedia CD-ROM, and internet applications such as e-mail, chat and the
World Wide Web.
2. The Uses of CALL
The use of CALL can be divided into 6, they are computer as drill and practice, computer as tutor, computer as simulation or problem solving, computer
as game, computer as tool for ELT teachers and learners and last application of internet for ELT.
24
First use of CALL is computer as drill and practice. In this use, computers are viewed as a tool for saving time with immediate feedback. The main aim of drill
and practice is to review the content or background knowledge, and to assist the learners to master separate language skills. Drill and practice CALL programs
focused on practicing language skills and component separately, such as vocabulary, grammar, reading and translation.
Computer as tutor; the role of the computer as tutor is to present to the learners the content lesson as text graphics, video, animation, or slides, including learning
activities, drills and practice. Example of CALL tutorial programs are grammar longman Grammar software, grammar expert plus, etc, reading Read it Study
skills, rocket reader; a speed reading program, etc., writing, paragraph Punch, write express easy letters, etc., speaking, pronunciation and listening learn to
speak, English pronunciation, real English, etc., integrated skills or courseware active English, planet English, issues in English, etc.
Simulations and problem solving is used to encourage analysis, critical thinking, discussion and writing activities. The computer is not used for tutorial
purpose but for simulation or problem solving. The program is designed to create language interaction through problematic situations, conditions pr problems
challenging for the learner to solve. Many simulation programs are problem solving games, which are
entertaining and education “edutainment”, such as
24
Web.warwick.ac.ukCELTEtrovCALLbooklet1.htm.
Oregon Trail. In this game the learners are challenged to make a series of decisions to guide their party.
The main aim of computer as game is to create a pleasurable learning environment and to motivate the language learner. CALL games and simulation
games are similar; they are designed to motivate students to learn through entertainment. Examples of CALL vocabulary games are Spelling Games,
Spelling Bee and Magic Hat, Word Order, etc. Another function is computer as tool for teachers and learners; teachers and
learners can use the computer as word processors, spelling and grammar checkers, concordances to search in huge databases to find all the uses of particular words,
and the last as collaborative writing to help the learner to write collaboratively on computers.
Computers can be connected to the internet and can incorporate interactive multimedia: text, graphics, audio, video and animation. Electronic mail E-mail,
file transfer protocol FTP, World Wide Web WWW are the internet applications that teachers can use for language teaching. In WWW, teacher and
learner can search the materials, such as texts that can be downloaded and save, pictures, audio and video files, chat and voice chat.
3. The Advantages of CALL
There are some benefits of how CALL can be used for language teaching and learning. For the learners, CALL can adapt to the learner‟s abilities and
preferences; CALL offers individualized and private learning; CALL allows learners to control their own learning process and progress; CALL can be used for
remedial work for slow learners and to accelerate learning for fast learners; teaching learning with CALL can motivate the student.
25
For the teacher, CALL can change the role of teacher; the teacher becomes the facilitator rather than a person who controls the learning environment. Teaching
learning with CALL can give the feedback and responsiveness immediately.
26
25
Ibid,.
26
Ibid,.
C. Thinking Framework
Listening is one of the skills that are taught in English teaching learning. It needs good concentration and comprehension of listeners. Without those things,
listening is useless and it means only hearing sounds. Students should have skills of listening in order to comprehend and understand listening materials.
To help the students in comprehend the message of listening materials, teachers should provide interesting materials, teaching aids and create positive
classroom environment. CALL has important potential for English teacher. It can interest and motivate
learners of English. Using effective and suitable software applications, CALL can provide communicative meaningful language learning environments.
D. Theoretical Hypothesis
To prove the hypothesis, the data obtained from the experiment class and the control class was calculated by using the t-test formula with the assumption as
follows: t
t
t
: the alternative hypothesis Ha is accepted and the null hypothesis H0 is rejected. It means there is a significance influence between the result of
using computer assisted language learning and without computer. t
t
t
: the alternative hypothesis Ha is rejected and the null hypothesis H0 is accepted. It means there is no significance influence between the result of
using computer assisted language learning and without computer.
