CHAPTER IV THE DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Data in this study are all utterances uttered by the two main characters, Miss Lucie Manette and Charles Darnay. The data are included written utterances
and unwritten utterances actions. Total numbers of the data are 107 utterances.
4.1 Category of Illocutionary Acts CIA
Analysis about how we do something by exploiting sentence is an analysis about speech acts. In doing analysis of speech act, we must really realize how
important the contextual utterance is. Speech act theory means phrasing us, if we ask someone though it means order or if we say something in certain intonation
sarcastic though it means exactly on the contrary. As mentioned in the previous chapter, category of illocutionary acts can be
divided into five categories. They are representative, directive, commissive, expressive and declarative Searle, 1997:10-16 in Saeed, 1997:212. Below are
the analyses of speech acts based on the data in Charles Dickens’ novel entitled A Tale of Two Cities from page 1-112 with its illocutionary acts category in each
context.
4.1.1 Representative
Representative is speech acts that commit a speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition.
a. Believing
1. Charles Darnay : ‘Actually sir, I believe it’s only your bad luck that has
kept me out of prison in France.’
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The uncle : ‘I don’t quite understand. Would you explain?’ page
41 The utterance of Charles Darnay performs representative of believing.
Charles believes that it was only his uncle’s bad luck that has kept him out of prison in France.
2. Charles Darnay : ‘The King has not liked you for many years. I believe
that, if you could, you would sign a form which would send me to prison for many years.’
The uncle : ‘It is possible. I might do that for the honour of the
family. But unfortunately it is difficult to obtain those useful forms….’ page 41
The utterance of Charles Darnay performs representative of believing.
Charles believes that the king has not liked his uncle for many years. If his uncle could, he would sign a form which would send him to prison for
many years. 3.
Mr. Carton : ‘Of all the people on earth, did you expect to see me?’
Charles Darnay : ‘I could not believe it was you. I can hardly believe it now.’
Mr. Carton : ‘No By chance I have some power over one of the
officers here. That is how I got in. I have come from Darnay’s wife. I bring you a request from her.’ page
100
The utterance of Charles Darnay performs representative of believing.
Charles believes that the king has not liked his uncle for many years. If his uncle could, he would sign a form which would send him to prison for
many years.
b. Denying
1. Dr. Manette
: ‘Why are you here? Are you the prison-guard’s daughter?’
Miss Manette : ‘No.’ page 14
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The utterance of Miss Manette performs representative of denying. Miss Manette denies that she is the prison-guard’s daughter.
2. Many voices shouted
: ‘Down with the emigrant’ Charles Darnay : ‘Emigrant, my friends? Don’t you see that it was my
own decision to come back to France?’ page 67 The utterance of Charles Darnay performs representative of denying.
Charles Darnay denies the many voices that shouted he is an emigrant. 3.
The other man : ‘Yes, judged and prosecuted. He is a traitor.’ Charles Darnay : ‘Friends, you are making a mistake. I am not a traitor.’
page 67 The utterance of Charles Darnay performs representative of denying.
Charles Darnay denies the other man who said that he is a traitor. 4.
The officer : ‘You are going to the prison of La Force.’
Charles Darnay : ‘No Why do you send me there? What law is this?’ page 69
The utterance of Charles Darnay performs representative of denying.
Charles Darnay denies that he is going to the prison of La Force. 5.
Charles Darnay : ‘But I have never sent anyone to prison, Citizen Defarge.’
Defarge : Did not reply. He looked at Darnay angrily. Then he
walked on silently and steadily. page 71 The utterance of Charles Darnay performs representative of denying.
Charles Darnay denies that he ever sent anyone to prison.
c. Asserting
