SPEECH FUNCTIONS IN JUST ALVIN TALK SHOW PROGRAM.

SPEECH FUNCTIONS IN JUST ALVIN

TALK SHOW PROGRAM

A Thesis

submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

DELNIS HANDAYANI GULO Registration Number: 8136111011

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

ABSTRACT

Gulo, Delnis Handayani. Registration Number: 836111011. Speech Functions in Just Alvin Talk Show Program. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2015

Interpersonal function of language is the use of language to interact, establish, negotiate, and maintain relationship. The choice of speech functions and the mood realization are part of the interpersonal functions which can influence the interpersonal relationship between the speakers in a conversation. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe speech functions in the conversation between the host and the guests in Just Alvin talk show, (2) to analyze how the speech functions are realized in the conversation between the host and the guests in Just Alvin talk show, and (3) to elaborate the reasons for the occurrence of speech functions in the conversation between the host and the guests in Just Alvin talk show. The research applies qualitative content analysis method. The sources of data are the host and the guests in Just Alvin talk show program on Metro TV. The data of the study are conversation utterances of the host and the guests in Just Alvin Talk Show. There are four episodes with different topics that will be chosen, the first two are about sensitive topics: (1) drugs, (2) divorce, and the rests are about non-sensitive topics (3) achievement, (4) marriage. The research findings show that the speech functions in the host’s utterances in all topics are statement, question, acknowledgement, command, answer, and contradiction, where statement which realized in tagged declarative mood occurs most dominantly. This indicates that the host has already known the information about his guests, however his stating the information in tagged declarative mood indicates the host’s attempt to invite the guests to be involved into the conversation by giving agreement or confirmation to the his statements. Speech functions in the guests’ utterances in all topics are statement, acknowledgement, answer, question, command, compliance, disclaimer, and contradiction, where statement realized in declarative mood occurs most dominantly. This indicates that the guests give the information and explanation and that means that the guests play role as the informants in the talk show.

ABSTRAK

Gulo, Delnis Handayani. NIM: 836111011. Speech Functions in Just Alvin Talk Show Program. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Medan. 2015

Fungsi interpersonal bahasa merupakan fungsi bahasa utuk berinteraksi, membangun, menegosiasi, dan memelihara hubungan sosial antar penutur. Pemilihan fungsi ujaran dan realisasi mood adalah bagian dari fungsi interpersonal yang yang dapat mempengaruhi hubungan interpersonal antara pembicara dalam percakapan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk menggambarkan fungsi ujaran dalam percakapan antara host dan bintang tamu di Just Alvin talk show, (2) untuk menganalisis bagaimana fungsi ujaran direalisasikan dalam percakapan antara host dan bintang tamu di Just Alvin talk show, dan (3) untuk menguraikan alasan pemilihan fungsi ujaran yamg terdapat dalam percakapan antara host dan bintang tamu di Just Alvin talk show. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi kualitatif. Sumber data adalah host dan bintang tamu di Just Alvin talk show Program di Metro TV. Data dari penelitian ini adalah ujaran-ujaran oleh host dan bintang tamu di Hanya Alvin Talk Show. Ada empat episode dengan topik yang berbeda yang akan dipilih, dua topik yang pertama adalah tentang topik sensitif: (1) narkoba, (2) perceraian, dan selebihnya adalah tentang topik non-sensitif (3) prestasi, (4) pernikahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi ujaran yang terdapat dalam ujaran oleh host dalam semua topik adalah pertanyaan, pengakuan, perintah, jawaban, dan kontradiksi, di mana pernyataan secara dominan direalisasikan dalam mood deklarative melekat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa host telah mengetahui informasi tentang bintang tamunya, namun ia menyatakan informasi dalam mood deklaratif melekat menunjukkan upaya tuan rumah untuk mengundang para tamu untuk terlibat dalam percakapan dengan memberikan persetujuan atau konfirmasi atas pernyataan host itu. Fungsi ujaran oleh para bintang tamu dalam semua topik yaitu pernyataan, pengakuan, jawaban, pertanyaan, perintah, pemenuhan, penyangkalan, dan kontradiksi, di mana pernyataan secara dominan direalisasikan dalam deklaratif mood. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa para tamu memberikan informasi dan penjelasan dan bahwa para bintang tamu memainkan peran sebagai informan dalam acara talk show.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In writing this thesis many parties have been involved. The writer would like to acknowledge her deep gratitude for all generous guidance, assistance, suggestion, and advice which have been rendered to her.

First and foremost, she thanks to the Almighty God for all the blessings and grace poured upon her in all her life.

The writer also wishes to express her sincere gratitude to her first adviser Prof. Amrin Saragih, M. A., Ph.. D., and her second adviser, Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M. Hum., who have kindly assisted her in correcting, revising and directing the idea of this thesis.

The writer also would like to express her gratitude to the head of English Applied Linguistics, Prof. Busmin Gurning, M. Pd., and his secretary Dr. Sri Minda Murni, Ms., who are also her board examiners, for their generous encouragement for her in completing her study. She also thanks Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M. Pd., who is also her board examiner for his generous suggestion and advice to improve my thesis.

The writer also would like to thank all lecturers for their valuable instructions, tuition and knowledge they have imparted to her during her study.

Further, she would like to extend her love and deepest gratitude to her beloved late father, Fatisokhi Gulo, who is always the best man in her life, her mother, Satinia Waruwu, who always supports and loves her unconditionally, and to all her brothers and sisters Veri, Linda, Serly, Delvis, Mega, and Nove for

their supports and understandings. Special thanks are also dedicated to Bimawijaya Laia for his prayers, supports, helps, and love to her.

Last but not least, special thanks are dedicated to all her beloved friends in LTBI UNIMED for their advice, support, and encouragement to the writer in completing this thesis.

Finally, the writer realizes that this thesis is far from being perfect. Therefore, she highly appreciates all constructive critics for its improvement.

Medan, 06 Juli 2015

Table of Contents

Abstract ... i

Acknowledgement ... iii

Table of Contents ... iv

List of Tables ... vii

List of Figures ... viii

Appendices ... ix

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Backgroud of the Study ... 1

1.2 The Problems of the Study ... 8

1.3 The Objectives of the Study ... 8

1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 9

1.5 The Significances of the Study ... 9

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Systemic Functional Grammar ... 10

2.2 Interpersonal Functions ... 11

2.2.1 Speech Function ... 12

2.2.2 Realization of Speech ... 14

2.3 Interpersonal Methaphor ... 18

2.4 Interaction and Negotiation ... 21

2.5 Factors that Influence the Choice of Speech Functions ... 24

2.6 Talk Show ... 28

2.6.1 Just Alvin Talk Show ... 30

2.7 Relevant Studies ... 31

2.8 Conceptual Framework ... 33

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 The Research Design ... 36

3.2 Data and Source of Data ... 36

3.3 The Instruments of Data Collection ... 37

3.4 The Technique of Data Collection ... 37

3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ... 38

3.6 The Trustworthiness of the Study ... 40

CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Data Analysis ... 42

4.1.1 Speech Functions Types Occuring in Just Alvin Talk Show with Different Topics ... 42

4.1.1.1 Speech Functions Types Occuring in Sensitive Topics ... 44

4.1.1.2 Speech Functions Types Occuring in Non-Sensitive Topics ... 53

4.1.2 The Way the Speech Functions are Realized in the Mood ... 59

4.1.2.1 Mood Realization by the Host in the Sensitive Topics ... 59

4.1.2.2 Mood Realization by the Guests in the Sensitive Topics ... 62

4.1.2.3 Mood Realization by the Host in the Non-Sensitive Topics ... 65

4.1.2.4 Mood Realization by the Guests in the Non-Sensitive Topics ... 67 Pages

4.1.3 The Reasons of the Use of Speech Functions

in Just Alvin Talk Show ... 70

4.2 Findings ... 76

4.3 Discussion ... 78

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 81

5.2 Suggestions ... 82

References ... 84

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Types of Meanings in the Systemic Model ... 11 Table 2.2 Giving or Demanding, goods-&-services or information ... 13 Table 2.3 Speech Functions and the Responding Move ... 14 Table 4.1 The Types of Speech Functions Used by the Host and the Guests

in Conversation about Sensitive ... 44 Table 4.2 The Types of Speech Functions Used by the Host and the Guests

in Conversation about Non-Sensitive Topics ... 53 Table 4.3 The Proportion of Speech Functions by the Host

In Sensitive and Non-Sensitive Topics ... 71 Table 4.4 The Proportion of Speech Functions by the Guests

In Sensitive and Non-Sensitive Topics ... 72 Table 4.5 The Choice of Speech Functions by Different Roles ... 74 Pages

List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Realization of Speech Functions in Mood... 15 Figure 3.1 Miles and Huberman’s Interactive Model ... 37 Pages

Lists of Appendices

Appendix 1. Conversations Transcriptions ... 88 Appendix 2. Data Analysis ... 119

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of the Study

As socialized individuals, we spend much of our lives talking, or interacting, with other people. Interacting is not just a mechanical process of taking turns at producing sounds and words. Interacting is a semantic activity, a process of making meanings. As we take turns in any interaction we negotiate meanings about what we think is going on in the world, how we feel about it, and how we feel about the people we interact with. As stated by Eggins and Slade (1997:7), “we treat conversation as an exchange of meanings, as text, and recognize its privileged role in the construction of social identities and interpersonal relations.” Further they added that conversation is the means language gives us for expressing interpersonal meaning about roles and attitudes. Being able to take part in dialogue then means being able to negotiate the exchange of interpersonal meanings, and being able to realize social relationships with other language users.

The use of language to interact, establish and maintain relationship is called interpersonal function. Interpersonal function of language as defined by Halliday (2000) is a strand of meaning running throughout the text that expresses the writer’s role relationship with the readers or the relationship between speakers, and the writer’s attitude towards the subject matters (Halliday, 2000). Halliday in Eggins (2004: 144) also mentioned that dialog exchanges are turns and taking a turn in a conversation is about who speak at the moment and who would speak later in time. In the nature of conversation, simultaneously a message is organized

and delivered among the speakers. This organization of message is carried out in the act of speaking conducted by the participants in the conversation. Messages in conversation, explained by Halliday (1994: 68) can be recognized as speech functions or speech role. The messages are conveyed in two terms; giving and demanding something. The speaker may give something to the listener or he may demand something from him. Giving means inviting to receive, and demanding means inviting to give. What they are exchanging are actually goods& services and information. These four basic move types of statement, question, offer and command are what Halliday refers to as speech functions. So we can say that every starting move in dialogue must be one or other of these speech functions and each speech function involves both a speech role and a commodity choice. For example, if we are demanding information we will question, or if we are demanding something we will command.

However, dialogue is inherently interactive: typically it does not involve simply one move from one speaker. We need also to recognize that after on speaker has initiated an exchange; another speaker is very likely to respond. Thus we need also to see that there is a choice between initiating and responding moves. Our choice of responding moves is constrained by the initiating move that has just been made. Every time we take on a role assign to our addressee a role as well. Every time we initiate an interaction we put our addressee into a role of responding if he/she wants to interact with us. Eggins (2004: 145) states that the alternatives we face in responding can be broadly differentiated into two types: a supporting type of responding move, versus a confronting type.

Talk show is one of the situations where conversation or dialog takes place. As defined by Illie (2006) talk show exhibit specific features with regard to the discursive organization of talk, the sequence of adjacency pairs and turns, and the participants’ question-asking and question-answering roles. These features pertain with conversational discourse. In addition to that, Timberg (2002: 5) defines talk show as a program where one person (or group of people) will discuss various topics which are leaded by a talk show host. In talk show, the participants is usually stimulated, guided and facilitated by the host to present particular information exchange, related to personal experience, judgment or common sense. By this explanation it is obvious that in talk show language serve two of its interpersonal functions.

One of the most important things for a talk show to succeed is the ability of the host to built interpersonal meanings with her guest as the interlocutors in order to dig more information. Illie (2006) stated that the show host is monitoring most of the discussion by stimulating, guiding, and facilitating the participants’ roles and contributions to the program for information exchange, confrontation, and entertainment. This implies that a host must be able to make the participants speak about things which are intended to be spoken out to the audience (public). To do this, the host, as we often see, takes a role as questioner; he/she asks some leading questions to the participants so they will answer the questions, and these answers are the information required by the talk show program to tell to the audience. This is in line with what Munson (1993) explains that questions are central to the structure of talk shows and are quite effective in exploring guests’ professional and personal lives, and also with what Linke’s in Saj (2012) found in

his study about talk show that more questions are asked in talk shows than in discussions.

In his research about interpersonal function in Oprah Winfrey’s talk show, Arifin and Samanhudi (2013) found out that most of utterances used by Oprah are actually questionings interesting facts based on the discussed topics. This is much influenced by her role in the program as the Host whose main job is mediating the audiences and guests as the source of information. Wijayanti (2007) who did study in the same field also found out that a hosts use more questions to gain the information and takes role as initiator to start and guide the topic.

Here are some utterances of the well-known host Oprah Winfrey in Oprah Winfrey Talk Show which are mostly questioning when Hosting Queen Rania of Jordan (Arifin, 2010).

1. You were recently here in New York, and as I understand it, you went to

Ground Zero with Mayor Giuliani. What was that like?

What was That like?

Wh/complemet Finite Subject Complement

MOOD RESIDUE

Mood : Finite ^ Subject = Interrogative Speech Function : Question

Markedness : Unmarked

2. When this first happened on September 11, I think it came as a shock to so

many of us that other people in the world hated us so much. Can you help

explain that to us?

Can you help explain That to us

Finite Subject Predicate Complement

MOOD COMPLEMENT

Mood : Finite ^ Subject = Interrogative Speech Function : Question

Markedness : Unmarked

The interpersonal analysis on Oprah’s utterances above shows that Oprah uses speech function of questioning when triggering information from the participant.

Yet, recently, in a talk show named Just Alvin talk show, the host built interpersonal function in various ways to maintain the conversation, and even very often uses speech functions of statement in his utterances to dig information from his guests as interlocutors. Here is the example of the dialog transcript:

- Conversation with Puput Melati in Just Alvin Talk Show episode of in God’s

hand

1. A : Apa kabar? Dia manggil aku uncle...heheh. Kurusan ya. _(statement)

2. P : Masa sih? efek baju kali. (confronting response)

3. A : Efek baju? Nggak lho. Kita ketemu yang kemarin yang ini

lebih..lebih slim. (declarative)

Kita ketemu yang kemarin yang ini lebih slim

Subject Finite Predicate Adjunct Subject Finite predicator

MOOD RESIDUE MOOD RESIDUE

Mood : Subject ^ Finite = Declarative Speech Function : Statement

Markedness : Unmarked

4. P : Ya, ngurus anak kali, uda banyak soalnya. Makin banyak anaknya. (supporting response)

5. A : Nah, sedang...(question tag)

6. P : Yah alhamdullilah dititipin lagi sm Allah ini rejeki anak, amanah. Uda tiga bulan, inyaallah kurang lebih tiga bulan.

7. A : Put, lebih sehat, sudah bisa lebih nerima kelihatannya ya. (statement)

Put, (kamu) lebih sehat

Adjunct Subject Predicator

RESIDUE MOOD

Mood : Subject ^ Finite = Declarative Speech Function : Statement

Markedness : Unmarked

(Kamu) sudah bisa lebih nerima Kelihatannya ya

Subject Finite Predicator Adjunct Adjun_ct

MOOD RESIDUE

Mood : Subject ^ Finite = Declarative Speech Function : Statement

8. P : Yah insyaallah mudah-mudahan harus..harus kak. (supporting response)

9. A : Karna kan gini ya, apa yang puput alami kan, banyak ya put.

Yang pertama sudah ingin mengajukan cerai ya, kemudain bener-bener cerai, kemudian balik kembali, so many things happened ya. Banyak yang terjadi. (statement)

10. P : Yah, itulah perjalanan hidup ya kak. Makdsudnya gk ada yg ke...gk ada keinginan untuk sesuatu hal yang buruk pasti dalam setiap hidup manusia. Tapi ketika kita harus dihadapkan hal yang seperti itu ya jalan satu-satunya hmm berpasrah aja terus berdoa mudah-mudahan semua ini bisa menjadi diri aku lebih baik lagi. (supporting response)

In digging information, Alvin does not always questions as he did in utterance 1 by initiating the conversation by commenting on Puput’s appearance using statement that she looks skinner, and then he emphasized in utterance 3 that she does looking skinner than the last time they met. This result in Puput supporting responses by giving information that now she has a lot of things to do dealt with taking care of three of her children and that she is now pregnant. In utterance 7 Alvin as the host again gives comment in statement about her appearance that now she is looks healthier and then using statement he confirms that she is now can deal with the reality which then it is justified by Puput. Then in utterance 9, again Alvin use speech function of statement where he states his knowledge about things that Puput has been gone through, and his statement is responded by Puput with some more information that she sees every problem in her life is to make her a better one and that all she can do to face them is praying.

The way Alvin constructs meanings interpersonally in the progress of his conversations with his guests creates interest of the writer to do a research on his utterances. The writer argues that Alvin’s use of statement in his utterances where he is supposed to question is done purposely to make the conversations more

polite and friendly, so the guests can feel comfortable to speak even about their very personal matters, as Brown and Levinson (1987) argue that declaratives and interrogatives could also be polite requests for goods-and-services since basic

commands might be considered Face Threatening Acts thus highly impolite, and

modals are also often used to disguise demanding proposals or soften propositions as explained by Bloor and Bloor (2004). The writer also believes that there are other kinds of interpersonal function in Just Alvin talk show to maintain the conversation between the host and his guests and to dig information from his guests. Thus, in this research the writer would like to analyze interpersonal function in Just Alvin talk show by employing Halliday’s theory of metafunctions in Systemic Functional Grammar.

Just Alvin Talk Show is one of the famous talk show programs in Indonesia. It comes with a talk show format to review about the lives of celebrities. The program is capable to place the second top ranks for rating under Kick Andy in 2009 (Akbar, 2010). The high rating proves that this program achieved appreciation from audiences. This program has invited guests which are mostly celebrities. Just Alvin gives what is supposed to be presented by an event "talk". Because it uses the title ‘talk’, the emphasis is on interaction program that exists between host and guests. Alvin Adam (41) is a fairly well-known presenter of success thanks to the guide talk show. He is very able to make a deep conversation when hosting Just Alvin talk show.

When interviewed by Citizen Magazine (2013) he state that Communication is first impression. For him, the heart can only be touched by heart. Therefore, he gives space to others to talk because everyone has a chance to

reveal the story. Creating closeness to the speaker is important. When the speakers already feel comfortable, then there is no gap between the speakers and hosts. Resource persons came to relax and talk to your like friends. In this atmosphere, it will appear a deep conversation even interesting stories that may not be disclosed by the speakers in the other talk shows.

Therefore, from this study the writer would like to know how interpersonal functions is built and maintained in Just Alvin talk show through the speech functions chosen by the host and the guests.

1.2The Problems of the Study

The problems are formulated as the following.

1. What kinds of speech functions are found in the conversation between

the host and the guests in Just Alvin talk show?

2. How are the speech functions realized in the mood?

3. Why are the speech functions used in the way they are?

1.3The Objectives of the Study

In line with the problems of the study above, the objectives of this study are

1. to describe speech functions in the conversation between the host and the

guests in Just Alvin talk show.

2. to analyze how the speech functions are realized in the conversation

between the host and the guests in Just Alvin talk show.

3. to elaborate the reasons for the occurrence of speech functions in the

1.4 The Scope of the Study

This study will be focused on the conversation between the host and the guests in Just Alvin talk show program. The analysis of the utterances will be based on Halliday’s theory of Interpersonal Functions and Eggin’s theory about mood analysis. The investigation will be focused on the types of speech functions and the realization in the mood which occurred on the utterances. Interpersonal function of language is meaning about roles and relationship, this involves looking at what kinds of role relations are established through talk, what attitudes interactants express to and about each other, and how they negotiate to take turns, etc.

1.5The Significances of the Study

Findings of the study offer theoretical and practical significances. Theoretically, it is expected that the findings of the study can give much contribution and insight to applied linguistics particularly functional grammar which can be used as a reference for the similar studies in the future, especially the studies which discuss about Speech function in Just Alvin Talk Show program. Specifically, the findings can add up more horizons to linguistics theories.

Practically, it is expected that the findings will be useful for the readers especially whose jobs are related to constructing meaning interpersonally to dig information from interlocutors. In addition, the findings can highlight the use of language in public situations. In other words, the findings can be of some use to

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions

After analyzing all the speech functions occur in Just Alvin Talk Show Program with different topics, the researcher draws conclusions as follows:

1. The speech functions occur in the host’s utterances in Just Alvin Talk Show are statement, question, acknowledgement, command, answer, and contradiction. The occurrence of speech functions of statements dominantly in the host’s utterances in all topics indicates that the host has already known the fact and the information about the guests he is going to interview. The speech functions occur in the guests’ utterances in Just Alvin talk Show are statement, acknowledgement, answer, question, command, compliance, disclaimer, and contradiction. The speech functions of statements are dominantly found in the guests’ utterances and it indicates that the guests attempts to give information and explanation.

2. There are several way the speech functions are realized byt the host and the guests in Just Alvin Talk show, such as statements are realized mostly in tagged declarative mood, which indicates that the host attempts to invite the guests to be involved into the conversation by giving agreement or confirmation to the host’s statements; questions are realized mostly in interrogative mood which indicates that the host asks the questions in direct way; acknowledgements are realized mostly in elliptical declarative

mood which indicates that when acknowledging statements the shorter sentences that involve ellipsis are commonly used; commands are realized mostly in declarative mood which shows that the host attempts to make the requests in more polite way, answers are realized mostly in elliptical declarative mood which shows that in answering question the shorter sentences that involve ellipsis are commonly used; and contradictions are realized in elliptical declarative mood.

3. The topics being talked about and the role taken by the speakers in Just Alvin Talk Show affects the use of speech functions. When talking about sensitive topics speech functions of statement is mostly used to ask the question in indirect way. The speech functions of questions are more dominantly occur in the host’s utterances than in the guests’ because the the host take the role as the leader and the interviewer in the talk show while the guests as the informants.

5.2 Suggestions

Having seen the result of the study, the researcher would like to offer the suggestion as follows:

1. It is advisable for the host and the guests (either speaker or listener) to understand the interpersonal function in the conversation, the speech functions and the mood realization to establish and maintain relationship between the host and the listeners in the conversation.

2. It is suggested that interpersonal functions especially the speech function and mood realization are taught to the students in the Language Course and even to the students in the University to make them able to take part in dialogue then means being able to negotiate the exchange of interpersonal meanings, and being able to realize social relationships with other language users.

3. It is worthy to suggest to other researchers to do further studies about interpersonal functions from the other perspective or theories such as gender, culture, and politeness.

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Saragih, A. 2003. Bahasa dalam Context Social: Pendekatan Linguistik

Fungsional Sistematik terhadap Bahasa dan Wacana. Medan:

FBS-UNIMED.

Sulaiman, R. 2010. Speech Functions in Classroom Interaction. (Unpublished Thesis). Medan: Pasca Sarjana UNIMED.

Sugiyono. 2011. Statistika untuk Penelitian. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Thompson, G. 2004. Introducing Functional Grammar (2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold.

Tolson, A. 1991. Televised Chat and the Synthetic Personality: Broadcast talk.

London: Sage.

Taverniers, Mariam.2004. Interpersonal Grammatical Metaphor as Double Scopinganddouble Grounding. Linguistic Journal.1(1), 1-31.

Verstraete, Jean. 2001. Subjective and Objective Modality: Interpersonal and Ideational Functions in the English Modal Auxiliary System. Journal of

Pragmatics. 33 (12),1505–1528.

Wijayanti, Murti Ayu. 2007. Speech Functions in Oprah Winfrey Show. (Masters Thesis). Semarang: Universitas Negeri Semarang.

Ningsih, Y. 2010. Interpersonal Functions in TV Program of Mario Teguh’s Golden Ways. (Unpublished Thesis). Medan: Pasca Sarjana UNIMED.

Yuliati. 2013. Interpersonal Meaning Negotiation in the Teacher – Student Verbal Interaction. The International Journal of Social Sciences. 11 (1), 52 – 60.

mood which indicates that when acknowledging statements the shorter sentences that involve ellipsis are commonly used; commands are realized mostly in declarative mood which shows that the host attempts to make the requests in more polite way, answers are realized mostly in elliptical declarative mood which shows that in answering question the shorter sentences that involve ellipsis are commonly used; and contradictions are realized in elliptical declarative mood.

3. The topics being talked about and the role taken by the speakers in Just Alvin Talk Show affects the use of speech functions. When talking about sensitive topics speech functions of statement is mostly used to ask the question in indirect way. The speech functions of questions are more dominantly occur in the host’s utterances than in the guests’ because the the host take the role as the leader and the interviewer in the talk show while the guests as the informants.

5.2 Suggestions

Having seen the result of the study, the researcher would like to offer the suggestion as follows:

1. It is advisable for the host and the guests (either speaker or listener) to understand the interpersonal function in the conversation, the speech functions and the mood realization to establish and maintain relationship between the host and the listeners in the conversation.

2. It is suggested that interpersonal functions especially the speech function and mood realization are taught to the students in the Language Course and even to the students in the University to make them able to take part in dialogue then means being able to negotiate the exchange of interpersonal meanings, and being able to realize social relationships with other language users.

3. It is worthy to suggest to other researchers to do further studies about interpersonal functions from the other perspective or theories such as gender, culture, and politeness.

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Taverniers, Mariam.2004. Interpersonal Grammatical Metaphor as Double Scopinganddouble Grounding. Linguistic Journal.1(1), 1-31.

Verstraete, Jean. 2001. Subjective and Objective Modality: Interpersonal and Ideational Functions in the English Modal Auxiliary System. Journal of Pragmatics. 33 (12),1505–1528.

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