Pemberian Glutamin, Dekstrin Dan Kombinasinya Secara In Ovo Terhadap Respon Imun, Profil Darah Dan Komposisi Karkas Ayam Broiler Jantan
PEMBERIAN GLUTAMIN, DEKSTRIN DAN KOMBINASINYA
SECARA IN OVO TERHADAP RESPON IMUN, PROFIL
DARAH DAN KOMPOSISI KARKAS AYAM
BROILER JANTAN
INTAN MUSTIKA HERFIANA
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2007
PERNYATAAN
Saya menyatakan dengan sebenar-benarnya bahwa segala pernyataan
dalam tesis saya yang berjudul: Pemberian Glutamin, Dekstrin dan Kombinasinya
secara In Ovo terhadap Respon Imun, Profil Darah dan Komposisi Karkas Ayam
Broiler Jantan, merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri atau hasil penelitian tesis saya
sendiri, dengan bimbingan komisi pembimbing. Semua sumber data dan informasi
atau pustaka yang digunakan dalam tesis ini telah dinyatakan dengan jelas dan
lengkap dan dapat diperiksa kebenarannya. Tesis ini belum pernah diajukan dalam
bentuk apa pun atau untuk memperoleh gelar pada program sejenis di perguruan
tinggi lain.
Bogor, Desember 2007
Intan Mustika Herfiana
NIM D051050011
ABTRACT
INTAN MUSTIKA HERFIANA. The effect of Glutamine, Dextrin and Its
Combination Through In Ovo Feeding on Immune Response, Blood Profiles
and The Carcass Composition of Male Broiler Chicken. Under the supervisions
of WIRANDA G. PILIANG, DEWI APRI ASTUTI and DESIANTO BUDI UTOMO.
In ovo feeding is a mechanism to feed embryos by injecting nutrient in the forms
of liquid into the embryos amniotic fluid. This research was done to study the effect of
dextrin, glutamine and its combination on immune response, blood profiles and the
carcass composition of broiler chickens. The data were analyzed by a Completely
Randomized Design followed by the Tukey Test. Two hundred DOC males were devided
into four treatments and five replications, with 10 chicks in each replicate. The treatments
used were the supplemention of glutamine liquid (P1), dextrin liquid (P2), the
combination of glutamine and dextrin in liquid (P3), and NaCl 0.5% (P4) as placebo or
control, that were given to the embryos at 18 days of the incubation period. The immune
response were measured through the weight of thymus and bursal fabricius at the age of
14 days old and titer antibody. The first and second Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccines
were applied at 5 and 21 days of age respectively. Before the vaccinations the titer
antibody were measured at 4 and 20 days of age respectively. A week after the
vaccinations the titer were measured at the age of 12 and 28 days. The vaccine against
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) was applied at 13 days old. One day before and a week
after the vaccination the titer antibody against IBD were measured.The blood profiles
were measured through the amount of blood leucocytes and the percentage of heterophyl,
lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil at the age of 7, 21 and 35 days old. The
performances of broiler were measured through the quality of carcass ( the percentage of
protein and lipid content in the dark and white meats) and the quantity of carcass at the
age of 35 days old. The result showed that there was a highly significant difference
(P< 0.01) on the monocytes percentage at 35 days old between the chickens given the
treatments diet as compared to that of the chicken given the diet control. The ND titer at 4
days of age showed a highly significant difference (P< 0.01), where the chickens given
glutamine in treatment gave the highest titer and the combination of glutamine and
dextrin chickens gave the lowest titer. The lipid content of the dark meat at 35 days old
also gave a highly significant difference (P< 0.01), where the chicken given dextrin in
treatment gave the highest lipid content, and the placebo treatment gave the lowest lipid
content. The thymus weight were significant different (P< 0.05), where the chickens
given the combination of dextrin and glutamine treatment gave the highest score and the
chickens of placebo treatment gave the lowest score. There were no significant difference
on the total amount of leucocytes, the percentage of heterophyl, lymphocyte, eosinophil
and basophil. The bursal weight, IBD titer, the protein content of the white and the dark
meat and the lipid content of the white meat were not significantly different. It was
concluded that in ovo feeding did not affect the immune response and the chicken
performances.
Keywords: in ovo feeding,
performances
glutamine,
dextrin,
immune
response, chicken
RINGKASAN
INTAN MUSTIKA HERFIANA. Pemberian Glutamin, Dekstrin dan
Kombinasinya secara In Ovo Terhadap Respon Imun, profil darah dan Komposisi
Karkas Ayam Broiler Jantan. Dibimbing oleh WIRANDA G. PILIANG, DEWI
APRI ASTUTI dan DESIANTO BUDI UTOMO.
In ovo feeding merupakan metode menyuntikkan nutrien berupa cairan ke
dalam cairan amnion embrio. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh
pemberian dekstrin dan glutamin serta kombinasi dari keduanya secara in ovo
terhadap respon imun dan komposisi karkas ayam broiler. Penelitian ini
menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan uji lanjut Tukey. Duaratus DOC
jantan dibagi dalam empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan, sehingga tiap ulangan
terdiri dari 10 ekor DOC. Empat perlakuan yang digunakan adalah Doc jantan
yang menerima larutan glutamin (P1), larutan dekstrin (P2), larutan kombinasi
dari glutamin dan dekstrin (P3) serta larutan NaCl 0.5% (P4) sebagai placebo atau
kontrol, pada hari ke-18 inkubasi secara in ovo. Respon imun diukur melalui
bobot relatif timus dan bursa pada umur 14 hari dan titer antibodi. Vaksin
Newcastle disease (ND) diberikan dua kali yaitu pada umur 5 dan 21 hari. Titer
antibodi terhadap ND diukur pada satu hari sebelum vaksin (umur 4 dan 20 hari)
dan seminggu setelah vaksin (umur 12 dan 28 hari). Vaksin Infectious Bursal
Disease (IBD) diberikan pada umur 13 hari. Titer antibodi terhadap vaksin IBD
diukur sehari sebelum vaksin (umur 12 hari) dan seminggu setelah vaksin (umur
20 hari). Profil darah diukur melalui jumlah leukosit darah dan persentase
heterofil, limfosit, monosit, eosinofil dan basofil pada umur 7, 21 dan 35 hari.
Komposisi karkas diukur melalui kandungan protein dan lemak daging ayam
bagian dada dan paha dan kuantitas karkas pada umur 35 hari. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan sangat nyata (P
SECARA IN OVO TERHADAP RESPON IMUN, PROFIL
DARAH DAN KOMPOSISI KARKAS AYAM
BROILER JANTAN
INTAN MUSTIKA HERFIANA
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2007
PERNYATAAN
Saya menyatakan dengan sebenar-benarnya bahwa segala pernyataan
dalam tesis saya yang berjudul: Pemberian Glutamin, Dekstrin dan Kombinasinya
secara In Ovo terhadap Respon Imun, Profil Darah dan Komposisi Karkas Ayam
Broiler Jantan, merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri atau hasil penelitian tesis saya
sendiri, dengan bimbingan komisi pembimbing. Semua sumber data dan informasi
atau pustaka yang digunakan dalam tesis ini telah dinyatakan dengan jelas dan
lengkap dan dapat diperiksa kebenarannya. Tesis ini belum pernah diajukan dalam
bentuk apa pun atau untuk memperoleh gelar pada program sejenis di perguruan
tinggi lain.
Bogor, Desember 2007
Intan Mustika Herfiana
NIM D051050011
ABTRACT
INTAN MUSTIKA HERFIANA. The effect of Glutamine, Dextrin and Its
Combination Through In Ovo Feeding on Immune Response, Blood Profiles
and The Carcass Composition of Male Broiler Chicken. Under the supervisions
of WIRANDA G. PILIANG, DEWI APRI ASTUTI and DESIANTO BUDI UTOMO.
In ovo feeding is a mechanism to feed embryos by injecting nutrient in the forms
of liquid into the embryos amniotic fluid. This research was done to study the effect of
dextrin, glutamine and its combination on immune response, blood profiles and the
carcass composition of broiler chickens. The data were analyzed by a Completely
Randomized Design followed by the Tukey Test. Two hundred DOC males were devided
into four treatments and five replications, with 10 chicks in each replicate. The treatments
used were the supplemention of glutamine liquid (P1), dextrin liquid (P2), the
combination of glutamine and dextrin in liquid (P3), and NaCl 0.5% (P4) as placebo or
control, that were given to the embryos at 18 days of the incubation period. The immune
response were measured through the weight of thymus and bursal fabricius at the age of
14 days old and titer antibody. The first and second Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccines
were applied at 5 and 21 days of age respectively. Before the vaccinations the titer
antibody were measured at 4 and 20 days of age respectively. A week after the
vaccinations the titer were measured at the age of 12 and 28 days. The vaccine against
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) was applied at 13 days old. One day before and a week
after the vaccination the titer antibody against IBD were measured.The blood profiles
were measured through the amount of blood leucocytes and the percentage of heterophyl,
lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil at the age of 7, 21 and 35 days old. The
performances of broiler were measured through the quality of carcass ( the percentage of
protein and lipid content in the dark and white meats) and the quantity of carcass at the
age of 35 days old. The result showed that there was a highly significant difference
(P< 0.01) on the monocytes percentage at 35 days old between the chickens given the
treatments diet as compared to that of the chicken given the diet control. The ND titer at 4
days of age showed a highly significant difference (P< 0.01), where the chickens given
glutamine in treatment gave the highest titer and the combination of glutamine and
dextrin chickens gave the lowest titer. The lipid content of the dark meat at 35 days old
also gave a highly significant difference (P< 0.01), where the chicken given dextrin in
treatment gave the highest lipid content, and the placebo treatment gave the lowest lipid
content. The thymus weight were significant different (P< 0.05), where the chickens
given the combination of dextrin and glutamine treatment gave the highest score and the
chickens of placebo treatment gave the lowest score. There were no significant difference
on the total amount of leucocytes, the percentage of heterophyl, lymphocyte, eosinophil
and basophil. The bursal weight, IBD titer, the protein content of the white and the dark
meat and the lipid content of the white meat were not significantly different. It was
concluded that in ovo feeding did not affect the immune response and the chicken
performances.
Keywords: in ovo feeding,
performances
glutamine,
dextrin,
immune
response, chicken
RINGKASAN
INTAN MUSTIKA HERFIANA. Pemberian Glutamin, Dekstrin dan
Kombinasinya secara In Ovo Terhadap Respon Imun, profil darah dan Komposisi
Karkas Ayam Broiler Jantan. Dibimbing oleh WIRANDA G. PILIANG, DEWI
APRI ASTUTI dan DESIANTO BUDI UTOMO.
In ovo feeding merupakan metode menyuntikkan nutrien berupa cairan ke
dalam cairan amnion embrio. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh
pemberian dekstrin dan glutamin serta kombinasi dari keduanya secara in ovo
terhadap respon imun dan komposisi karkas ayam broiler. Penelitian ini
menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan uji lanjut Tukey. Duaratus DOC
jantan dibagi dalam empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan, sehingga tiap ulangan
terdiri dari 10 ekor DOC. Empat perlakuan yang digunakan adalah Doc jantan
yang menerima larutan glutamin (P1), larutan dekstrin (P2), larutan kombinasi
dari glutamin dan dekstrin (P3) serta larutan NaCl 0.5% (P4) sebagai placebo atau
kontrol, pada hari ke-18 inkubasi secara in ovo. Respon imun diukur melalui
bobot relatif timus dan bursa pada umur 14 hari dan titer antibodi. Vaksin
Newcastle disease (ND) diberikan dua kali yaitu pada umur 5 dan 21 hari. Titer
antibodi terhadap ND diukur pada satu hari sebelum vaksin (umur 4 dan 20 hari)
dan seminggu setelah vaksin (umur 12 dan 28 hari). Vaksin Infectious Bursal
Disease (IBD) diberikan pada umur 13 hari. Titer antibodi terhadap vaksin IBD
diukur sehari sebelum vaksin (umur 12 hari) dan seminggu setelah vaksin (umur
20 hari). Profil darah diukur melalui jumlah leukosit darah dan persentase
heterofil, limfosit, monosit, eosinofil dan basofil pada umur 7, 21 dan 35 hari.
Komposisi karkas diukur melalui kandungan protein dan lemak daging ayam
bagian dada dan paha dan kuantitas karkas pada umur 35 hari. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan sangat nyata (P