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happen during the teaching and learning process. The data collection used the observation sheet prepared either for teacher or students
4. Reflecting
Reflecting was done after acting and observing. This was the time to reflect or review everything that has been done in the implementing the plan. It
evaluated the process, problems, effects and successful and unsuccessful action. The researcher and his team discussed all aspects involved during implementing
the action. On the basis of reflection, the researcher determined whether he stopped
the research or moved to the next cycle. The revised plan was set as a plan for the following cycle.
E. The Technique of Collecting the Data
There were two kinds of data collected in this research. They were quantitative and qualitative data. The detail techniques of data collection were on
the following explanation. The quantitative data were students writing scores and they were collected
by using test which was given after each cycle. The students were expected to make recount text based on the questions given. The teacher scored the students’
writing. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were any kinds of information related to the implementation of process approach in teaching writing. The qualitative data
were collected by using some techniques as follows:
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1. Observation The observation was done to cover the process of implementation of
process approach in the teaching writing. The observation noticed and recorded classroom events, interaction in the classroom, and the student’s responses
during the teaching learning process. The teacher had collaborators to observe, evaluate, and offer suggestion about the implementation of process approach in
writing. The events happened were recorded, and noticed by using field note. 2. Interview
The interview was done to get information from the students and the collaborators. The information covered their understanding of process approach
in writing, the implication to the students’ writing skill, and strengths as well as weakness of the implication of process approach in writing. The interview was
recorded using audio recording and transcript into written form. 3. Document
The documents were collected in form of students’ portfolios and students’ diary. By analyzing the documents, the researcher got information
about students’ progress in the classroom. The researcher also collected the data of the students’ post-test result. The scores representing could become the
information about students’ writing achievement. 4. Questionnaire
The questionnaire was used to find out the students personal opinion or self expression. In the preliminary observation, the researcher used questionnaire
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to know students prior competence and their problem faced in writing. The researcher used questionnaire to know students’ process in writing and problem
faced by the students in writing. In the end of the research, questionnaire is used to know the students’ responses toward the implementation of process approach
in writing. 5. Researcher’s Diary.
The diaries are essentially private documents and there are essentially no rule how to keep a diary Wallace, 2006: 62. Since the diary is private, diary
writer can confide to it what ever thought or feelings occur to them. It is therefore especially suitable for exploring effective data.
Those data collected were accumulated and analyzed in order to make the coherent information and arguments from some data sources. Therefore,
there was triangulation data presented which could be said that the data were valid. Brief description of collecting data technique is in the table below:
Research Process
Participants Techniques
of Collecting
Data Data
Techniques of Analyzing Data
Pre-Research Researcher
collaborator Students
Observation Questioner
Interview Giving Pre-
Test Observation Report
Questionnaire document
Transcript of interview
Students’ pre-test score
Constant comparative
Descriptive statistic
Research Implementation
Observer and
Researcher Observer
Observation Photograph
Field notes, Research diaries
Photograph of Teaching learning
Constant comparative
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Table5. Technique of Collecting Data
The data collected in this research consisted of the information gained in pre- research, research implementation, and post-research.
F. The Technique of Analyzing the Data
