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vocabulary in context, 7 using correct grammar; and 8 using correct punctuation and spelling mechanics.
5. Types of Genre
Based on Competence based Curriculum, writing can be classified into twelve genre namely narrative, procedure, news item, report, recount,
descriptive, anecdote,
hortatory exposition,
analytical exposition,
commentary, discussion, and explanation. These types are divided based on students grades. In the tenth grade, the students are taught five genres;
narrative, procedure, news item, spoof recount and report. Moreover, Competence - based Curriculum Puslitbang: 2004 outlines the kinds of
paragraph by using the term ‘genre’. Some of them are as follow: Table 3. Types of Genre
GENRE SOCIAL
FUNCTION GENERIC
STRUCTURE LANGUAGE FEATURES
Narrative To amuse or
entertain the readers
a. orientation b.complication
c. resolution a. Focus on specific participant
b. use material processes c. use temporal conjunction
d. use past tense Recount
To retell
events for the purpose
of informing or
entertaining a. orientation
b. Events c.
personal comment
a. focus on specific participants b. use of material processes
c. circumstances of time and place
d. focus on temporal sequence e. use of past tense
Descripti ve
To describe a certain thing,
place, animal, person, etc
a. identification b. description
- part - quality
a. focus on specific participant
b. use of relational processes to state what is and that which it is
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- characteristic - habit
- habitat c. use of simple present tense
unless extinct Report
To describe
the way things
are, with
reference to a range of
natural, man a. identification
b. description - part
-quality -characteristic
-habit Habitat
a. focus on general participant
b. use of relational processes to state what it is
c. use of simple present tense unless extinct
Procedur e
To describe
the way how something is
done through series
of’ action a. aim goal
b. material c.
methodssteps a. focus on steps
b. use of generalized participants referring to a whole
class of things c. use imperative
Recount
Recount text is the unfolding of a sequence of events over time which can be written in the form of letters to our families telling what happened and
paragraph telling what we have experienced Derewianka,1995:14. Recount generally begins with an orientation which gives the reader the background
information needed to understand the text. It tells who was involved and when it happened. Then, recount unfolds with a series of events ordered in a
chronological sequence. At various stages there may he some personal comment on the incident.
Recount can be divided into three types namely personal, factual, and the imaginative recount. They are described as follows:
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1. Personal Recount is a text which retells an activity that the writer has been personally involved in, for example diary entry and oral anecdote. Personal
recount uses the first person pronoun as I and We. 2. Factual Recount is a text which records the particular of accident, for example
report of a science experiment and news report. It uses the third person pronouns such as he, she and it. In factual recount, details are selected to help the readers
reconstruct the activity or incident accurately. In this case, explanations and justification can be included.
3. Imaginative Recount is a text which takes on an imaginary role and gives details of events, for example a day in Treasure Island. It is written in the first person.
In this recount, it may be appropriate to include personal reactions.
6. Questioning Technique in Teaching Writing
