changes in roles, strong motivation, changes in the self-concept and use of psychotherapy Hurlock, 1974: 124-130. However, there are only some conditions
which are related in this study. First, changes in significant people. Personality of someone can develop as
the result of the change in the concept of significant people in his or her life. The significant people can be the family, friends, lover, spouse, employer, and children.
As Hurlock expla ins, “when the significant people in an individual’s life change,
and when someone tries to adapt the pattern of hisher behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values and aspirations to theirs, changes in someone’s personality pattern are
inevitable” Hurlock, 1974: 126. Briefly, from time to time, there is a change in the concept of significant people to a person. If there is a gap or a big difference
between the individual and the significant people, the individual will be motivated to develop his or her personality to narrow the gap.
Second, strong motivation . According to Hurlock, “when the motivation to
improve the personality pattern is strong enough, changes can be effected Hurlock, 1974: 127.
Changes in someone’s personality can be the result of strong motivation to improve someone’s personality pattern. People are strongly motivated to change
those traits to improve their social relationships in order to get greater social acceptance.
Third, changes in the self-concept. Hurlock defines that, “the self-concept is
the core of the personality pattern” Hurlock, 1974: 128. It means that when there is a change in the self-
concept of someone’s personality it may also cause the
change in hisher personality pattern. However, changes in self-concept is difficult as people grow older, and usually the changes occur slowly.
Based on Hurlock’s explanation above, there are eight conditions that may influence someone’s personality pattern. However in this study, the writer does not
use all of them. For example in order t o change someone’s personality, not every
person needs psychotheraphy. The personality can change without any professional help because people can do it by themselves or by the significant people.
There are some conditions which are related to this study. They are significant people, strong motivation and changes in self-concept. Those conditions are used
because it can be applied in this study. The three of the conditions that the writer used affect the main character’s personality development.
C. Theoretical Framework
The writer needs to find out Tsukuru Tazaki’s characteristics before and after he meets Sara Kimoto. The writer uses the theory of character and characterization
also Murphy’s method in order to indetify Tsukuru’s characteristics. Then, the writer uses the theory of personality development by Elizabeth
Hurlock. The writer relates Tsukuru’s personality development to Sara Kimoto who is Tsukuru’s girlfriend at the present time. In this study, the writer wants to show
how Tsukuru’s personality development is influenced by Sara. The way Sara helps Tsukuru in solving his old problems also makes Tsukuru becomes a better person.
18
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study is Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage. It is the thirteenth novel by Japanese writer Haruki Murakami.
Murakami’s books and stories have been bestsellers in Japan as well as in other country. His works have been translated into 50 languages.
Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage was first published by Bungeishunu in Japan 2013. The novel sold one million copies in a month. On 12
August 2014, the English-language edition was released worldwide and it was translated by Philip Gabriel. The novel was listed as bestseller book of BookScan,
NPR’s, and New York Times in the “Hardcover Fiction” category. Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage was also awarded as Independent
Foreign Fiction Prize Nominee 2015, New York Times Notable Book of the Year 2014 and Goodreads Choice Award Nominee for Fiction 2014.
This novel is about a life of Tsukuru Tazaki. Back in highschool, Tsukuru has four closest friends. His friends have a color in its meaning of their surnames except
Tsukuru Tazaki. It makes him feeling “colorless”. Later, Tsukuru has to go to a college in Tokyo while his friends stay in Nagoya. One day without no explanation
his friends suddenly reject him and decide not to see him anymore. Since then, he feels lonely and depressed most of the time. He is now a 36
years old man who works as an engineer for a railroad company. Tsukuru often
having a dinner with Sara Kimoto, his curent girlfriend who works at a travel agency. They starts to see each other since the first time they met. As time goes by,
Tsukuru tells Sara about the story of his four bestfriends in highschool. Sara pushes Tsukuru to meet his former friends again to know the reason why his friends
suddenly leave him without no explanation 16 years ago. Sara tells Tsukuru that she will not commit to him unless he can solve his old problems. That is the reason
why Tsukuru has to visit his friends again or he will lose Sara.
B. Approach of the Study
In this study, the writer wants to discuss the importance of Sara’s character in Tsukuru’s personality development. The writer wants to reveal more about two
main characters who have a close relationship in the story and also the personality development of Tsukuru that caused by another character.
In order to anwer the problems formulated in the previous chapter, the writer uses psychological approach. The psychological approach is applied in this study
because the development that occurs in Tsukuru’s personality is caused by the influence of another character. Lewis Leary in his book says that
“the psychological approach is an approach that applied principles of the modern psychology to
characters or situation within a literary work or to the person who wrote the work ”
Leary, 1976: 57. Rohrbereger and Woods state that psychology and literature are related.
Literature discusses human beings and their lives through the writer’s point of view by using language. While psychology is a study of a human being’s life together
with the mind and behavior. The psychological approach will bring the writer and the readers to the analysis of the work psychological point of view of human being
1971: 6- 15. Psychological approach is needed in order to analyze a character’s
condition from the character’s thought, action and personality. The focus of this study is to find out the importance of another character in
the main character’s personality development. The reason why the writer uses psychological approach is because the writer analyze the psychological side of the
main character. Therefore, the psychological approach is suitable to study the topic.
C. Method of the Study
The writer divided the data sources into two parts, the primary data and the secondary data. The primary data of this study was Haruki Murakami’s Colorless
Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage. While the secondary data were taken from some books, articles, and also the internet sources which can be used to
support and anlyze this study. In writing this study, there were some steps taken. The first step was reading
Haruki Murakami’s Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage so that the writer could comprehend the whole story and its details in the story which were
essentials in the process of writing this undergraduate thesis. The second step was the writer decided the topic of this study which was the importance of another
character in the main character’s personality development in the story. The next step, the writer collected supporting information, theories, and
comments from many sources that were needed for this study. The data used in this
thesis were taken from various sources such as Theory of Literature, An Introduction to the Study of Literature, A Handbook to Literature, A New Handbook
of Literary Terms, Reading and Writing about Literature, Personality Development, Understanding Unseens, American Literature: A Study and Research
Guide. All those books really helped the writer in analyzing the problems of this study. Besides from printed sources, the writer also used the internet source to help
doing this thesis. Before analyzing the main problem of this study, the writer applied the theory
of character and characterization to get deeper understanding about the characteristics of Tsukuru. Next, the writer analyzed the importance of Sara in
Tsukuru’s personality development by using the theory of personality development. The last step of this study was to sum up the analysis and drew a conclusion.
