revealed the factor s that influence Jacob’s personality development. In her thesis,
Wardhani mentioned that there are three factors which infuenced Jacob’s personality development; family, environment, and emotion. Jacob and the
members of his family is not really close thus it influenced Jacob’s personality who
at first is a free person becomes rebellious. The environment where he lives also influenced his personality who at first is a bad-tempered person becomes calmer.
Jacob who is sarcastic, pessimistic and inferior changed into polite, pessimistic and superior. The last factor that influenced his personality development is emotion.
Because of Jacob loves Bella, he becomes calmer and superior. On the other hand, there is a difference between this study and Tyagita Ratna
Wardhani’s undergraduate thesis. Wardhani in her thesis, wants to find out the factors that influence the personality development of Jacob in Stephenie Meyer’s
Breaking Dawn. The factors that influence Jacob’s personality development are
family, environment and emotion. This study is different from the previous study. In this case, the writer finds
out that it is not only family, environment and emotion which influence someone’s
personality but also the significant people can cause someone’s personality to
develop. The writer focuses on the way Sara, who is Tsukuru’s girlfriend becomes
the significant person, come into Tsukuru’s life and helps him to develop his personality to be better.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
Character is one of the important elements in the story. The author delivers the main idea of the story through the characters. In this study the theory of
character and characterization are important in order to analyze the characters in Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage. Characters, as Abrams
defines, are the persons represented in a literary work and have particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities and can be seen through what the persons say
or the dialogue and from what they do or the action 2009: 46. In his book, Abrams also states that a character may remain stable or unchanged in outlook and
disposition from the beginning until the end of a literary work or it may undergo a radical change either through a gradual process of development or as the result of a
crisis 2009: 46. In order to analyze the characters in a literary work, there should be an
observation towards the dialogue and the actions done by the characters in the story. While characterization according to Murphy is “the concept of creating characters”
1972: 161-173. There are nine ways of an author to reveal thecharacterization to the readers.
a. Personal Description
The author describes the character through the character’s appearance, for example from the clothes or physical appearance Murphy, 1972: 161.
b. Character as seen by another
The character is described through the eyes and opinions of another character in the story. Thus, the reader gets a reflected image of the character Murphy, 1972:
162. c.
Speech The author describes and give us insight into the character through what she
or he says. The readers then can understand the characteristic of the character when she or he speaks in the conversation with another Murphy, 1972: 164.
d. Past life
By letting the reader learn something about the character’s past life, the author may give a clue to events that have helped shape the characterization of the
character. It is described by the person’s thought or the conversation and meeting with another person Murphy, 1972: 166.
e. Conversation of others
The author can also describe the character of a person through the conversations of other people Murphy, 1972: 167.
f. Reactions
Thsse author describes the character by letting the readers know how that person reacts to various situations and events Murphy, 1972: 168.
g. Direct comment
The author can describe or comment o n a person’s character directly Murphy,
1972: 170.
