since they have not acquired L2, whereas, when the learners start to write they tend to translate fromL1 to L2.
This study will design instructional materials, which integrate reading with writing. Reading is seen as the receptive skill, which needs the continuation. On
the other hand, writing is a productive skill and the writer needs stimuli in order to be able to write. As the result of this consideration, the writer is going to design
materials in which the materials will focus on the reading comprehension and later on the comprehension itself will be used as the stimuli for writing. However, in
order to make a good and valid design, the writer needs to find out the theories of integrating reading and writing.
4. The integration of Reading and Writing
In this part, the writer is going to discuss two parts. They are bases of integrating reading and writing and how to integrate reading and writing.
a. The Base of Integrating Reading and Writing Reading and writing are closely related to each other. Reading is a
receptive skill. It refers to that people receive all information into their mind when they are reading Suwignyo, Widya Dharma Journal, 1999:29. Through reading
someone learns a lot of things. Therefore, when someone reads more, the more knowledge he will get. By reading various reading texts, someone will get more
various example of writing and get accustomed to the writing style, the sentence structures and the choice of words.
Besides, writing itself is a productive skill. As it is stated by Suwignyo 1999:29, “writing a process of production in the sense that it releases the result
of the mind process of thinking.” Writing refers to transforming the idea and thought into written form.
Suwignyo 1999:30 states that reading and writing are closely related to each other. Writing becomes easier if it comes from reading. As stated previously
that through reading someone learns various types of writing, the sentence structures, the development of the writing and the diction. On the other hand,
reading without any follow up activities such as writing will not give any improvement for the reader itself. However, how the teacher can integrate reading
and writing is still a problem for the teacher. Here, the writer discusses some examples that can be done to integrate reading and writing.
b. How to Integrate Reading and Writing There are some ways which can be done to integrate reading and writing.
Suwignyo 1999:35 proposes to the teacher to give an intensive reading in order to direct the students’ attention to particular point. The teacher should be able to
select the appropriate reading materials. As Suwignyo 1999:35 states “A well- selected theme of reading materials will considerably assist the students to
establish a systematic organization of information.” The writing activities are done after the reading activities. This might be as
the follow up activities from the reading itself. For the best option the teacher may give the students the guide composition Paulston Bruder, 1976 as cited by
Suwignyo, 1999:35. For example, the teacher assigns the students to make their own composition based on their understanding towards the reading materials or
gradually based on the related topics.
According to Raas Forum, Vol 39 January-March 201:30 the teacher should give the graded reading materials at first. The teacher should start from the
simple reading text in order to build the students’ habit of reading. The activities done in class can be in a form of completing the missing words in the reading
passage, answering the challenging questions based on the reading text, exploring the students’ opinion and reaction towards the reading materials, summarizing the
reading materials and asking the students to write their opinion, attitudes towards the reading and make a composition based on the reading text.
5. Communicative Language Teaching
