defined by Holliday 2002 as a research method by which people aim to construct the social world through their interpretation of the social world.
According to the features of progressive qualitative research stated by Holliday 2002, this study belongs to progressive qualitative research because of the
following characteristics. Firstly, in conducting the research, the researcher became the part of this study by participating in the research setting. Secondly, the
investigation to get the data in this study was conducted through reflexive, self- critical, and creative dialogues with the learners, parents, English tutor and also
the staffs at Domby Kid’s Hope 2. Finally, this study aimed to reveal hidden realities and initiate discussion of the learners’ needs in learning English at
Domby Kid’s Hope 2 and the learners’ perceptions on the English teaching-
learning activities at Domby Kid’s Hope 2.
B. Research Participants
The participants of the research were seventeen fifth grade learners who actively attended the English teaching-learning activities at Domby Kid’s Hope 2
Yogyakarta. To support the data, the researcher also interviewed three learners’ parents, the first Domby Kid’s Hope 2 English tutor and the coordinator and the
secretary of Domby Kid’s Hope 2 Yogyakarta. This research was conducted at Domby Kid’s Hope 2 Yogyakarta
which is located in Terban-Cokrokusuman and in the learners’ houses. 29
C. Research Instruments
In this study, two instruments were used to collect the data. They were described in the following parts.
1. Interview
The first instrument used in this study was interview. According to Ary et al 2002, two basic types of questions are used in an interview according
to the nature of the response desired from the respondents. They are open- ended and closed questions. Open-ended questions permit a free response
from the respondents to answer rather than restricting the response to a choice from among stated alternatives. In a closed question interview, the
interviewer reads the question and presents the respondents with various alternative response options.
To answer the first and second research questions, the researcher employed the unstructured or interview which used open-ended questions.
The participants were free to give their answers. When the researcher dealt with the learners, the researcher used simple and creative language to make
the learners to understand and then answer the questions. To answer the last research question, the researcher interviewed the
staffs and English tutor at Domby Kid’s Hope 2 Yogyakarta to get the data of the goal of English teaching-learning activities at Domby Kid’s Hope 2
Yogyakarta since they have not had a fixed curriculum for the English teaching-learning activities. These interviews also employed unstructured or
opened form. 30
2. Observation
According to Fraenkel and Wallen 1993, observation is used in order to know how people act or how things look. In order to understand the
English teaching-learning activities carried out at Domby Kid’s Hope 2, the researcher conducted three observations. The researcher observed the
learners’ responses during the English teaching-learning activities to understand their real behaviors and activities in class.
D. Data Gathering Techniques
As stated before, this study employed two research instruments. The instruments were interviews and observations. The researcher conducted the
interviews outside the teaching learning activity. It could be before or after the teaching learning activity or made special occasion with the participants. These
interviews were conducted with seventeen fifth grade learners at Domby Kid’s Hope 2
who actively engaged in the English teaching-learning activities there. The interviews with the learners were conducted individually or in group. The
first interview was conducted on Tuesday, 3 June 2008 with four learners. The second, third, and fourth interviews were conducted on Wednesday, 4 June 2008
with three learners at different time. The fifth interview was conducted on Saturday, 7 June 2008 with one learner. The sixth interview was conducted on
Monday, 9 June 2008 with three learners and the seventh interview was also conducted on Monday, 9 June 2008 with two learners. The eighth interview was
31 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
conducted on Tuesday, 10 June 2008 with four learners. The interviews were carried out to collect data to answer the first and second research problems.
The researcher conducted three interviews with the learners’ parents who were willing to be interviewed. The first and second interviews with two parents
were on Tuesday, 3 June 2008. The third interview was conducted on Monday, 7 June 2008. These interviews were carried out to address the first research
problem. The interview with the first Domby Kid’s Hope 2 English teacher was
conducted on Wednesday, 11 June 2008. This interview aimed to get the information of the goal of the English teaching-learning activities since she
constructed the goal of English teaching-learning activities at Domby Kid’s Hope 2
. The interview with the coordinator and the secretary was conducted at the same day to clarify and get more information about the goal of the English teaching-
learning activities at Domby Kid’s Hope 2. The data from these interviews help the researcher to answer the third research problem.
To complete the data, the researcher also conducted three observations in three different classes. The first observation was on Monday, 9 June 2008. The
second was on Tuesday, 10 June 2008, and the last was on Monday, 16 June 2008. The results from these observations support the data to answer the second
research problem. 32
E. Data Analysis Techniques
