42 Besides the statistic
description of the participants’ opinions, the writer also presented the
background of the participants. The participants’ background was presented in table 3.3.
Table 3.3 The Description of the Participants
Group of Participants
N Sex
Educational Background
Teaching Experience in years
F M
S1 S2
S3 1-5
6-10 11-15
16-20
Teacher Lecturer
Total
Note :
N = total number of participants
F = female
M = male
F. Research Procedures
In this part, the writer would summarize the procedures for conducting this study. Since the writer used the Research and Development method by Borg and
Gall 1983, the procedures are presented in accordance with the Research and Development method. The procedures are explained as follows.
1. Research and Information Collecting
This step was aimed to obtain information about the students’
characteristics. Initially, the writer asked permission from the headmaster of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta to conduct the study in the school. Then, the writer reviewed
some related literatures and observed the students. After observing the students, the writer distributed questionnaires to the seventh grade students and interviewed
the seventh grade English teachers. After distributing the questionnaires and interviewing the teachers, the writer analyzed the data of the questionnaires and
43 the interview. The data of research and information collecting were used to
develop the listening materials design. This step was the same as identifying the students’ characteristics in the writer’s step,.
2. Planning
In this step, the writer stated the goal and the topics, listed the subject content, and specified the learning objectives. The goal of the design was stated
after findin g the students’ characteristics and referred also to the School-Based
Curriculum. Since the writer used School-Based Curriculum, the topic of the design referred to School-Based Curriculum. The subject content was listed after
the learning objectives had been specified and it was organized based on the Task- Based Language Teaching framework and the listening theory.
3. Preliminary Form of Product
In the Preliminary Form of Product, the writer developed the listening materials or the teachinglearning activities related to the subject content and the
learning objectives stated in the planning step. The writer also created the listening materials or the teachinglearning activities considering the needs of the
students which had been collected in the research and information collecting. This step was the same as Selecting the TeachingLearning Activities and Resources in
the writer’s step.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
