B. Data Analysis and Testing Hyphotheses
1. Data Analysis
Before the data is analyzed, the linearity and normality distribution of the data sets the two variables critical thinking ability and comprehension reading
ability are firstly tested. The linearity test is important to know whether the data is linear or not; while, the normality distribution is tested to know the data
normality. Furthermore, the linearity and normality tests are crucial to decide whether parameter statistic or non-parameter statistic used in this study. In this
study, the parameter statistic is used to calculate the data. Therefore, as the requirement in the parameter statistic in correlation research, the linearity and
normality of the data has to be examined first. The explanation of test of linearity and normality distribution are
presented as follow:
a. Analysis of Linearity
The linearity of critical thinking ability and comprehension reading ability data are analyzed using SPSS software. The result of the analysis is represented
in the table below:
Table 4.3 Table ANOVA
Sum of Squares
df Mean
Square F
Sig.
Comprehension Reading
Betwee Groups
Combined
783,054 14 55,932 2,581 ,026
Linearity
398,963 1 398,963 18,413 ,000
Skill Critical Thinking Skill
Deviation from
Linearity
384,091 13 29,545 1,364 ,259
Within Groups 433,346 20 21,667
Total 1216,40 34
Table 4.3 above reveals the linearity distribution of the data of both critical thinking and comprehension reading ability. It results that the linearity
data is in the significant of 0.00. It is lower than the level of significance 0.00 0.05. Because the linearity value is lower than the level of significance, it means
that both of the data have linear distribution; therefore, parameter statistic is used in this study.
b. Analysis of Normality
The normality test was conducted using SPSS software. The normality test is conducted in order to know whether the populations from which the samples
are taken are normally distributed or not. It is important because normal data is an underlying assumption in parametric testing. The result of normality test is
presented in the table 4.4. From the table 4.4 below, shows that the Kolmogorov- Smirnov normality
test results are .200 for variable Y and .200 for variable X. Meanwhile, the normality test using Shapiro-Wilk is .765 for variable Y and .351 for variable X.
Table 4.4 Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df
Sig. Statistic
Df Sig.
Critical Thinking Skill
,099 35
,200 ,966
35 ,351
Comprehension Reading Skill
,083 35
,200 ,980
35 ,765
. This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
From the results described above, it can be concluded that the data of both critical thinking ability and comprehension reading skill of the eleventh grade
students of SMA Kharisma Bangsa are normally distributed. It can be seen from
the significant results from both Kolmogorov- Simonov and Shapiro-Wilk which are higher than 0.05 .200 0.05, .765 0.005, .351 0.05.
c. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Test
Due to the fact that both of the data critical thinking ability and comprehension reading ability tends to be linear and normally distributed, the
parametric statistic that is used in this study is Pearson Product Moment. It is used to find out the correlation coefficient between two variables. The final score of
variables X and Y are presented in the following table:
Table 4.5 The Final Score of Critical Thinking Ability and Comprehension Reading
Ability No.
Participants X
Y X2
Y2 XY
1. 1
65 77
4225 5929
5005
2. 2
67,5 75
4556,25 5625
5062,5
3. 3
70 73,5
4900 5402,25
5145
4. 4
77,5 77,5
6006,25 6006,25
6006,25
5. 5
80 81
6400 6561
6480
6. 6
82,5 81,5
6806,25 6642,25
6723,75
7. 7
82,5 70,5
6806,25 4970,25
5816,25
8. 8
70 75
4900 5625
5250
9. 9
85 83,5
7225 6972,25
7097,5
10. 10
65 72,5
4225 5256,25
4712,5
11. 11
72,5 75,5
5256,25 5700,25
5473,75
12. 12
82,5 83
6806,25 6889
6847,5
13. 13
77,5 68
6006,25 4624
5270
14. 14
70 81,5
4900 6642,25
5705
15. 15
85 83
7225 6889
7055
16. 16
62,5 73,5
3906,25 5402,25
4593,75
No. Participants
X Y
X2 Y2
XY
Kategori