STRATEGIES USED IN TRANSLATING SHERLOCK HOLMESÂ’ IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN THE FILM SHERLOCK HOLMES (2009)

STRATEGIES USED IN TRANSLATING SHERLOCK HOLMES’

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN THE FILM

SHERLOCK HOLMES (2009)

THESIS

By:

RASUS SAYYAF BASARANG

201210100311024

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

STRATEGIES USED IN TRANSLATING SHERLOCK HOLMES’

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN THE FILM

SHERLOCK HOLMES (2009)

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education.

By:

RASUS SAYYAF BASARANG

201210100311024

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

v

MOTTOS

“Get out there!” - Rasus Sayyaf Basarang -

“If anyone travels on a road in search of knowledge, Allah will cause him to travel on one of the roads of Paradise”

- Prophet Muhammad -

“The more you walk, the more you see, the more you learn” - My Mom -

DEDICATIONS

This thesis is dedicated to: My beloved mom, ibunda Sahawi

My heroic and much missed dad, ayahanda Basarang

My brothers, Abdullah Mujahid Basarang and Muh. Imaduddin Basarang My lovely sisters, Mujahidah Basarang and Maisarah Basarang

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ……… iii

MOTTOS AND DEDICATIONS ……….. v

LETTER OF AUTHENTICITY ……… vi

ABSTRACT ………. vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……….. viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ……… ix

LIST OF APPENDICES ………. xi

LIST OF THE TABLES ………. xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study ……….. 1

1.2Statements of the Problem ……… 3

1.3Purposes of the Study ……… 4

1.4Significances of the Study ……… 4

1.5Scope and Limitation ……… 5

1.6Definition of the Key Terms ……… 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1Definition of Translation ……….. 6

2.2Process of Translation ………. 7

2.3Problem of Non-equivalency ……… 9

2.4Idiomatic Expressions ……… 12

2.5Difficulties in Translating Idioms ………. 12

2.6Strategies in Translating Idioms ……… 14

2.6.1 Similar Meaning and Form ………. 15

2.6.2 Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form ……… 15

2.6.3 Borrowing the Source Language Idiom ……….. 16

2.6.4 Paraphrase ……… 16

x CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

3.1Research Design ……… 17

3.2Research Object ……… 18

3.3Data Collection ………. 18

3.4Data Analysis ……… 19

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1Research Findings ………. 21

4.1.1Idiomatic Expression Used by Sherlock Holmes ……… 21

4.1.2The Meaning of Idioms Used by Sherlock Holmes ……… 25

4.1.3Strategies Applied by The Translator in Translating Idiomatic Expressions Used by Sherlock Holmes ……….. 27

4.1.3.1 Translation by Similar Meaning and Form ……… 28

4.1.3.2 Translation by Paraphrasing ……… 30

4.1.3.3 Translation by Omission ……… 31

4.2Discussion ………. 33

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1Conclusion ……… 35

5.2Suggestions ……… 36

5.2.1 For Students ……… 36

5.2.2 For Lecturers ……… 37

5.2.3 For Further Researchers ……….. 37

REFERENCES ……… 38

xi

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 The movie script of the film Sherlock Holmes (2009) in English and Indonesian version ……… 40 Appendix 2 Idiomatic expressions and its meaning used by Sherlock

Holmes ……… 74 Appendix 3 Idiom translation strategies ……….. 79

xii

LIST OF THE TABLES

Table 3.1 Idioms Used by Sherlock Holmes in the Film Sherlock Holmes ….. 20 Table 3.2 The Meaning of Idioms Used by Sherlock Holmes in the Film

Sherlock Holmes ……… 21

Table 3.3 Idiom Translation in the Film Sherlock Holmes ……… 21

Table 4.1 Idioms Used by Sherlock Holmes in the Film Sherlock Holmes ….. 24 Table 4.2 The Meaning of Idioms Used by Sherlock Holmes in the Film

Sherlock Holmes ……… 27

xiii REFERENCES

Ary, Donald et. al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed.) Belmont: Wadsworth

Baker, Mona. 2011. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. Second Edition. Abingdon: Routledge

Bassnett, Susan. 2005. Translation Studies. Third Edition. New York: Routledge Budianto, L. and Fardhani, AE. 2010. A Practical Guide for Translation Skill.

UIN-Maliki Press: Malang

Eze, Crescent C. 2015. Difficulties and Strategies in the Translation of Idioms and Fixed Expressions: The Example of Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia.

IIARD International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Vol. 1 No.5 Available at: www.iiardonline.org (accessed on Wednesday, January 20, 2016 at 11:00:23 PM)

Ifill, Tim. 2002. Seeking the Nature of Idioms: A Study in Idiomatic Structure.

Haverford College

Lim, Tan Cheng. 2004. Advanced English Idioms for Effective Communication.

Penerbit Erlangga: Jakarta

Machali, Rochayah. 2009. Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah. PT Mizan Pustaka: Bandung

Makkai, Boatner, and Gates. 1995. A Dictionary of American Idioms. Third Edition. New York: Barron's Educational Series, inc.

Mezmaz, Meryem. 2009. Problems of Idioms in Translation. Constantine: Mentoury University

Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and

Applications. New York: Routledge

Riccardi, Alessandra. 2002. Translation Studies: Perspective on an Emerging

Dicipline. Cape Town: Cambridge

Robinson, Douglas. 2007. Becoming a Translator: An Introduction to the Theory

xiv

Simatupang, Maurits D.S. 2000. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Universitas Indonesia: Jakarta

Strakšiene, Margarita. 2009. Analysis of Idiom Translation Strategies from

English into Lithuanian. Journal of Kalbu Studijos Studies about

Languages 14 NR (accessed on Monday, January 18, 2016 at 9:35:07 PM)

Sugiarti, Lilik. 2013. Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expression Found in Dave Pelzer’s Novel “A Child Called It” Into “A Child Called It” By

Danan Priatmoko. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang: Malang

Yasiruddin. 2013. A Translation Analysis of Idiomatic Expression in the Film

“Kung Fu Panda 2” Directed by Jenifer Yuh Nelson. Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang: Malang http://www.idioms.thefreedictionary.com/ http://www.dictionary.com/

http://www.yifysubtitles.com/subtitles/sherlock-holmes-2009-1080p-english-yify-24485

1 CHAPTER I INTORDUCTION

This chapter presents about the background of the study, statement of the problems, purposes of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

Since English becomes one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, translation appears as one of the most substantial process in rendering information between languages. However, the process of translating is not as simple as switching the meaning of word for word based on the literal context. It involves grammatical understanding, linguistic comprehension, and a good sense of semantic analysis in order to get a proper translation. Moreover, there are some cases which often put translators into difficult situations. In some cases, translators will find some words which actually do not represent its literal meaning which is known as idiom.

English is one of the languages containing a lot of idioms. It can be found either in daily conversation and also may appear in poetry, literature, and even in

Bible (Strakšiene, 2009:13). Since idioms are expressions which cannot be

understood partially from the words made them up (Baker, 2011: 67), they are considered as one the most difficult and challenging parts of the English vocabulary (Strakšiene, 2009:13). Hence, dealing with such expressions requires us to comprehend theories as well as the strategies in translating it.

2

Translation strategy is the theory of process applied in rendering the message from source language to target language attempting to clarify the problem of equivalence and to discover what constitutes meaning within that process (Bassnett, 2002: 45). In translating idiomatic expressions, translators should find the appropriate strategy in order to have better results. Without proper strategies, there will be so many multiple interpretations which potentially lead to misunderstandings.

There are already so many studies about analysis on strategies used in

translating idiomatic expression. Most of them are using Mona Baker’s theory

which consists of five categories. An early study conducted by Lilik Sugiarti with a title Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expression Found in Dave Pelzer’s

Novel “A Child Called It” Into “A Child Called It” By Danan Priatmoko shows

that paraphrasing is the most dominant applied strategy used by the translator (2013). Another study is conducted by Yasiruddin (2013) with a title A

Translation Analysis of Idiomatic Expression in the Film “Kung Fu Panda 2”

Directed by Jenifer Yuh Nelson also employs Mona Bakers’ theory. It also shows

that paraphrasing is the most applied strategy used by the translator.

This study is trying to investigate the strategies in translating English idiomatic expressions found in the film. One of the most prolific masterpieces in the history of film industry is Sherlock Holmes. The data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) shows the film won a lot of awards which make it one of the best films in its genre. Furthermore, the film got 62 million dollars in opening weekend in the United States alone. The total of gross income of its sale

3

worldwide per April 2010 recorded not less than 524 million dollars, half of which was contributed by international viewers.

According to Strakšiene (2009: 15), there are a lot of idioms exist in literary texts. As an adaptation from a novel, the researcher believes this film caries many idiomatic expressions. However, the data are restricted only from idiomatic expressions used by the character of Sherlock Holmes played by Robert Downey Jr. As a major character, Sherlock Holmes appears as the most dominant character in the film.

In addition, the researcher conducts this study as he is curios to discover how the translator manages to translate the idioms used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes by using strategies suggested by Mona Baker.

1.2 Statement of the Problems

Based on the background of the study above, the statements of the problem are stated as follows.

1. What are idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock

Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie?

2. What are the meanings of idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie?

3. What are strategies applied by the translator in translating idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie?

4 1.3 Purpose of the Study

Based on the problem mention above, purposes of this study are stated as follows.

1. To discover idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film

Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie

2. To find out the meaning of idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie

3. To analyze the strategies applied in translating idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie

1.4 Significance of the Study

The results of this study are expected to contribute as educational reference to several cases as follows:

1. For the students, the writer hopes this study will enrich their knowledge and ability in term of translating English idiomatic text into Bahasa Indonesia. 2. For the lecturers, the writers expect this thesis will help them to make a better

preparation in teaching translation. It can give references to the lecturers in order to provide media in teaching idiomatic expressions.

3. For English Department, this thesis can give information in determining the material in the translation class. Thus, the students will be easier to understand the lesson by developing the teaching technique in translation.

5 1.5 Scope and Limitation

This study focused on the strategies used in translating idiomatic expressions in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie. The researcher analyzes the strategy of idiom translation by using Mona Baker’s theory. Furthermore, this study is limited to the idiomatic expressions used by the character of Sherlock Holmes played by Robert Downey Jr.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

1. Translation is a process to switch a meaning in source language into target

language and represent it in the target language by using natural form based on the rules which are applicable in the target language (Simatupang, 2000: 2).

2. Strategies are “plan intended to achieve a particular purposes” (Oxford

Learners’ Pocket Dictionary, 2009: 427).

3. Idioms are expressions which carry meanings that cannot be deduced from

their individual components (Baker, 2011: 67).

4. Idiomatic Expressions are group of words in the form of phrase which contain

xiv Simatupang, Maurits D.S. 2000. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Universitas

Indonesia: Jakarta

Strakšiene, Margarita. 2009. Analysis of Idiom Translation Strategies from English into Lithuanian. Journal of Kalbu Studijos Studies about Languages 14 NR (accessed on Monday, January 18, 2016 at 9:35:07 PM)

Sugiarti, Lilik. 2013. Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expression Found in Dave Pelzer’s Novel “A Child Called It” Into “A Child Called It” By Danan Priatmoko. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang: Malang

Yasiruddin. 2013. A Translation Analysis of Idiomatic Expression in the Film “Kung Fu Panda 2” Directed by Jenifer Yuh Nelson. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang: Malang

http://www.idioms.thefreedictionary.com/ http://www.dictionary.com/

http://www.yifysubtitles.com/subtitles/sherlock-holmes-2009-1080p-english-yify-24485

1 CHAPTER I INTORDUCTION

This chapter presents about the background of the study, statement of the problems, purposes of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

Since English becomes one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, translation appears as one of the most substantial process in rendering information between languages. However, the process of translating is not as simple as switching the meaning of word for word based on the literal context. It involves grammatical understanding, linguistic comprehension, and a good sense of semantic analysis in order to get a proper translation. Moreover, there are some cases which often put translators into difficult situations. In some cases, translators will find some words which actually do not represent its literal meaning which is known as idiom.

English is one of the languages containing a lot of idioms. It can be found either in daily conversation and also may appear in poetry, literature, and even in Bible (Strakšiene, 2009:13). Since idioms are expressions which cannot be understood partially from the words made them up (Baker, 2011: 67), they are considered as one the most difficult and challenging parts of the English vocabulary (Strakšiene, 2009:13). Hence, dealing with such expressions requires us to comprehend theories as well as the strategies in translating it.

2

Translation strategy is the theory of process applied in rendering the message from source language to target language attempting to clarify the problem of equivalence and to discover what constitutes meaning within that process (Bassnett, 2002: 45). In translating idiomatic expressions, translators should find the appropriate strategy in order to have better results. Without proper strategies, there will be so many multiple interpretations which potentially lead to misunderstandings.

There are already so many studies about analysis on strategies used in translating idiomatic expression. Most of them are using Mona Baker’s theory which consists of five categories. An early study conducted by Lilik Sugiarti with a title Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expression Found in Dave Pelzer’s

Novel “A Child Called It” Into “A Child Called It” By Danan Priatmoko shows

that paraphrasing is the most dominant applied strategy used by the translator (2013). Another study is conducted by Yasiruddin (2013) with a title A

Translation Analysis of Idiomatic Expression in the Film “Kung Fu Panda 2”

Directed by Jenifer Yuh Nelson also employs Mona Bakers’ theory. It also shows that paraphrasing is the most applied strategy used by the translator.

This study is trying to investigate the strategies in translating English idiomatic expressions found in the film. One of the most prolific masterpieces in the history of film industry is Sherlock Holmes. The data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) shows the film won a lot of awards which make it one of the best films in its genre. Furthermore, the film got 62 million dollars in opening weekend in the United States alone. The total of gross income of its sale

3

worldwide per April 2010 recorded not less than 524 million dollars, half of which was contributed by international viewers.

According to Strakšiene (2009: 15), there are a lot of idioms exist in literary texts. As an adaptation from a novel, the researcher believes this film caries many idiomatic expressions. However, the data are restricted only from idiomatic expressions used by the character of Sherlock Holmes played by Robert Downey Jr. As a major character, Sherlock Holmes appears as the most dominant character in the film.

In addition, the researcher conducts this study as he is curios to discover how the translator manages to translate the idioms used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes by using strategies suggested by Mona Baker.

1.2 Statement of the Problems

Based on the background of the study above, the statements of the problem are stated as follows.

1. What are idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie?

2. What are the meanings of idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie?

3. What are strategies applied by the translator in translating idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie?

4 1.3 Purpose of the Study

Based on the problem mention above, purposes of this study are stated as follows.

1. To discover idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie

2. To find out the meaning of idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie

3. To analyze the strategies applied in translating idiomatic expressions used by Sherlock Holmes in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie

1.4 Significance of the Study

The results of this study are expected to contribute as educational reference to several cases as follows:

1. For the students, the writer hopes this study will enrich their knowledge and ability in term of translating English idiomatic text into Bahasa Indonesia. 2. For the lecturers, the writers expect this thesis will help them to make a better

preparation in teaching translation. It can give references to the lecturers in order to provide media in teaching idiomatic expressions.

3. For English Department, this thesis can give information in determining the material in the translation class. Thus, the students will be easier to understand the lesson by developing the teaching technique in translation.

5 1.5 Scope and Limitation

This study focused on the strategies used in translating idiomatic expressions in the film Sherlock Holmes directed by Guy Ritchie. The researcher analyzes the strategy of idiom translation by using Mona Baker’s theory. Furthermore, this study is limited to the idiomatic expressions used by the character of Sherlock Holmes played by Robert Downey Jr.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

1. Translation is a process to switch a meaning in source language into target language and represent it in the target language by using natural form based on the rules which are applicable in the target language (Simatupang, 2000: 2). 2. Strategies are “plan intended to achieve a particular purposes” (Oxford

Learners’ Pocket Dictionary, 2009: 427).

3. Idioms are expressions which carry meanings that cannot be deduced from their individual components (Baker, 2011: 67).

4. Idiomatic Expressions are group of words in the form of phrase which contain its own meaning different with the literal meaning of words that made them up.