AN ANALYSIS SHERLOCK HOLMES PROFILE BASED ON CHRACTER’S CHARACTERISTIC AND BEHAVIOR IN THE ADVENTURE OF SHERLOCK HOLMES.

AN ANALYSIS SHERLOCK HOLMES PROFILE BASED ON

C

HRACTER’S

CHARACTERISTIC AND BEHAVIOR IN THE

ADVENTURE OF SHERLOCK HOLMES

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of

English Department Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN SunanAmpel Surabaya.

By:

Ahmad Taufik

Reg. Number: A73211103

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTER AND HUMANITIES

UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA

TABLE OF CONTENT

Inside cover page ... i

Inside title page ... ii

Declaration page ... iii

Dedication page ... iv

Motto ... v

Advisor’s approval page ... vi

Examiner approval page... vii

Acknowledgements ... viii

Table of contents ... x

Abstract ... xii

Intisari ... xiii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study ... 1

1.2. Statement of the Problem ... 3

1.3. Objective of the Study ... 3

1.4. Significance of the Study... 3

1.5. Scope And Limitation ... 4

1.6. Research Method ... 4

1.7. Definition of Key Term ... 5

CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW 2.1. New Criticism ... 6

2.2. Character ... 7

2.3. Kinds of Character ... 9

2.5. Theories of Personality ... 13

2.6. New Historicism……….. 15

2.7. Related Study ... 17

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS 3.1. Characterization ... 19

3.1.1. Genius ... 19

3.1.2. Self Confidence ... 22

3.1.3. Detachment ... 23

3.1.4. Weak in love ... 25

3.1.5. Drug Addict ... 27

3.1.6 Smoke Addict ... 28

3.1.7. Physical Appearance ... 30

3.1.7.1. Tall ... 31

3.1.7.2. Thin ... 31

3.1.7.3 Fashionable ... 32

3.2. Causes Sherlock Holmes has no Bad Effect to Public ... 35

3.2.1. Interested in Cases ... 35

3.2.2. Love with his Profession ... 37

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION Conclusion ... 40

WORK CITED ... 42

AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY ... 44

ABSTRACT

Taufik, Ahmad 2016. An Analysis Sherlock Holmes Profile Based on Character’s Characteristic And Behavior in the Adventure of Sherlock Holmes

Advisor : Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum

Keyword: Profile, Behaviour, Addict, Character

This thesis focuses on the characteristic of Sherlock Holmes in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Characterization and psychological condition of Sherlock Holmes in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes become problems in this thesis. The theories that use have some limitation theory; new criticism, structure of personal, and new Historicism. The theories used to analyze the character of Sherlock Holmes. Purposes of this thesis are to describe the characterization and personality of Sherlock Holmes based on his characteristic and behaviour.

This thesis use descriptive analytic method to describe and analyze the problem. Firstly, researcher reads story, then researcher classifies important quote, after that Researcher analyzing the data and making conclusion.

The result of analysis, researcher finds some characterizations of Sherlock Holmes; he is genius, self confidence, detachment, weak in love, drug addict, and smoke addict. In physical appearance context he is tall, thin, and fashionable person. Researcher also find out that Sherlock Holmes interesting in cases and loving with his job become factors his habit has no bad effect to public.

INTISARI

Taufik, Ahmad 2016. An Analysis Sherlock Holmes Profile Based on Character’s Characteristic And Behavior in the Adventure of Sherlock Holmes

Pembimbing : Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum

Kata kunci: Keyword: Profile, Behaviour, Addict, And Character

Skripsi ini terfokus kepada karakteristik dari herlock Holmes di The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes dengan sir Arthur Conan Doyle Sebagai pengarang.

Karakterisasi dan kondisi psikologi dari Sherlock Holmes yg terdapat pada The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes menjadi permasalahan yang ada di dalam skripsi ini. Teori yg di gunakan memiliki batasan teory hanya kepada new criticism, structure of personal, dan theory tentang sejarah. Teori-teori tersebut di gunakan untuk untuk menganalisis karakter Sherlock Holmes. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk menjelaskan karakterisasi dan kepribadian dari Sherlock Holmes berdasarkan karakteristik dan kebiasaanya.

Skripsi ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif untuk menganalisa permasalahan, pertama penulis membaca cerita tersebut, kemudian penulis memilah quote penting, setelah itu penulis menganalisnya dan membuat kesimpulan

Hasil dari analisis, penulis menemukan beberapa karakterisasi dari Sherlock Holmes, dia genius, percaya diri, dingin, lemah dengan percintaan, pengkonsumsi narkoba, pengkonsumsi rokok. Dalam kontex fisik, dia tinggi kurus, dan keren. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa Sherlock holmes ketertarikanya terhadap kasus-kasus dan kecintaanya terhadap pekerjaan merupakan faktor-faktor dari

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Literature can describe as mirror and candle, it can prove by analyze litterature work and the author. The author writes literature work based on his bacground, experience, and everything about him, so it can called as mirror. And litterature as candle has meant, can be enlightment and inspiration for the reader. (Parvin Ghasemi 2007:2)

Sherlock Holmes is a fiction story, first story published in 1879. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is the author of this story, he is a Doctor that not greatly success. Actually The adventure of Sherlock Holmes is collection from separte volume of Sherlock Holmes Stories. Sherlock Holmes is not first fiction story, but many people like this story in modern era especially in england when Victorian era, becasue people in big city of england scare with crime that infest. Holmes exist reputed as a hero by them although Holmes was fiction. Not only in Victorian era, now many people like Sherlock Holmes. Many producer make a film inspired from Sherlock Holmes, more over Japanese anime was inspired from it. Detective Conan is an anime that inspired from Sherlock Holmes. Writer interested with Sherlock Holmes’s genius characteristic, he can sees something that other person cannot see. He also always doing something worsts that people hard to understand what he do, but finally Holmes make people amazed with his analysis when he break a case.

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Most of Sherlock Holmes stories are narrated by Dr John H. Watson. Watson is Holmes friend and parter in sloving cases. Sherlock Holmes is a symbol of the power intellect, his great deducation so that he was called as kindom of mind. I think good detective and good researcher have similarities, so look closely those stories and get useful experience from investigative methods uses by

detective. Dicipline for investigation, seek to establish, a trail of evidence and aim to arrive at a solution, that all detective and researcher needed.

Holmes is a great detective but he is a person who is selfish,

self-destructive and also perfectionist. Too many researcher claims that he is man who is proud of himself. That is why there are times when he hates being compared to other people and often becomes selfish. His addiction to drugs too, is the result of not havingbeen able to fulfill his desire for solving crimes. Holmes has some weakness, it is natural because nothing perfect human in this world. First

weakness, he apparently holds no medical qualifications, references in A Study in Scarlet show that he has a healthy interest in such matters. Indeed, he is first encountered by Watson in a London hospital laboratory, devising a test for haemoglobin (Reed 2). Second, Many of the professional, and lay articles describing the recent epidemic abuse of cocaine give casual reference to the first popular figure to abuse the drug, London’s consulting detective, Sherlock

Holmes. In A Scandal in Bohemia Doyle errs in referring to cocaine in describing “the drowsiness of the drug” (Dalby 1).

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1.2 Statement of Problem

1. What is Characterization of Sherlock Holmes in Adventure of Sherlock Holmes?

2. What causes Sherlock Holmes behavior has no bad impact to society? 1.3 Objective

Based on the statement of the problem, the objectives of the study are formulated as follow:

1. To describe Sherlock Holmes characterization in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes.

2. To find out the factors Sherlock Holmes behavior has no bad impact to society.

1.4 Significance

Writer’s hope this research will give inspiration and enrich knowledge to the readers, especially detective serial stories lover, about Sherlock Holmes Profile based on The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. By reading this thesis, the reader can expect that the findings of this thesis can enrich knowledge about character and the study of literature for readers. Furthermore, this study is expected to be as reference for further study about the character. And the most important is that this study is meant to provide a model for those who are doing literary study. Finally the students can develop their science, history and experience from those stated in the story.

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1.5 Scope and Limitation

The writer focuses on discussing the Sherlock Holmes characterization only and the effect of his behavior. There are many problems in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes that can be analyzed, but the writer will specify the discussion by choosing the problem of Sherlock Holmes Character in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes

1.6. Research Method

In descriptive qualitative how the data are organized depends upon the researcher and how the data were rendered (Lambert 2). Researcher use qualitative approach, this method has choosen because the data form are word and sentence from stories. Event, coversation, quote are the important subject by researher to analyze.

First, researcher reads story of The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes to understand about the story and author message.

Second, researcher classifies important quote, sentence, and word as analysis material.

Third, after researcher fined all of information about Sherlock Holmes, researcher chooses some important data and analyze it use new criticism and psychoanalysis. Researcher also uses other resources like author biography and journals.

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1.7 Key Term

1. Profile: a representation of something in outline; especially: a human head or face represented or seen in a side view.

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/profile

2. Behavior: The actions displayed by an organism in response to its environment.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/behavior

3. Addict: a person who is unable to stop taking harmful drugs: heroin/ drug/ nicotine addict. (oxford:15)

4. Character:Someone who appears in a work is called a character. Character is someone who acts, appears, or is referred to as playing a part in a literary work. A person or another thing that carries out of the event in the fiction till that event can make the story livelier.

Jerome Beaty, Alison Booth, and J.Paul Haunter, The Northern

Introduction to Literature shorter eight edition (London: W.W Northon and company Ltd, 2002) Hal. 1043

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Chapter II

LITERARY REVIEW

This chapter writer will discuss about literary theory that is used to analyze the novel. The writer use new criticism to analyze character and characterized, especially to analyze main character. Furthermore writer also uses Psychological criticism to support his analysis and to know about psychology of main character.

1.1 New Criticism

Formalism, sometimes called New Criticism (even though it has been around a long time), involves the careful analysis of a literary text’s craft.

Ignoring any historical context, any biographical information about an author, any philosophical or psychological issues, or even any of a text’s political or moral messages. The formalist strategy for answering that question is a careful scanning of the text, a detailed analysis often called close reading. In close reading, one examines a piece of literature closely, seeking to understand its structure, looking for patterns that shape the work and connect its parts to the whole, and searching for uses of language that contribute to the effect. (Gillespie 2010:172).

New Critics tend to believe that a best interpretation of each text can be discovered. In other words, there is generally a single “right” way to interpret each text. But this reading must reflect the text and be supported with evidence from the text and only the text—nothing off the page. These formalist moves have many benefits for young readers. Most important, formalism encourages close,

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attentive reading. This kind of rigorous analysis can sharpen readers’ critical reading and thinking skills. (Gillespie 2010:173).

This approaches focuses primarily on the text itself and tends to avoid outside influences such as historical and biographical information. Texts stand alone. Authors have ideas, they write to communicate those ideas, and good readers can uncover the meaning and the author’s intention.

1.2 Character

Character in literature is an extended verbal representation of a human being, specifically the inner self that determines thought, speech, and behaviour. Through dialogue, action, and commentary, literature captures some of the interactions of character and circumstance. Literature makes these interactions interesting by portraying characters who are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters at whom you may laugh or whom you may dislike or even hate.

Characters are the life of literature: they are the objects of our curiosity and fascination, affection and dislike, admiration and condemnation.

Indeed, so intense is our relationship with literary characters that they often cease to be simply ‘objects’. Through the power of identification, through sympathy and antipathy, they can become part of how we conceive ourselves, a part of who we are. Our memory of a particular novel or play often depends as much on our sense of a particular character as on the ingenuities of the

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plot. Characters in books have even become part of our everyday language. (Andrew 2004:60)

In other definition according M. H. Abraham (1999:32) the character is the name of a literary genre; it is a short, and usually witty, sketch in prose of a distinctive type of person. Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with

particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it the dialogue and from what they do the action.

Simply, character is one of the important elements of fiction. Characters are elements which can be found in a movie plot and characters are inseparable, because plot is not simply a series of event happened that come out of character to delineate characters. In order word, when we know ’what happened to him or her’ and ‘how did it work out for them’, so we should find out the action of the

character in a sequence of events. Before we talk about character itself we should know the meaning of characters itself. Someone who appears in a work is called character. There are usually two types of characters: the flat and round. Flat (simple) characters are static characters who do not change from the beginning to the end of the play.

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1.3. Kinds of Character.

Flat character is less the representation of human personality than

embodiment of single attitude or single attitude or obsession in a character. Foster calls this kind of character flat because we see only one side of him. The simple character can perform many important function in the work of fiction. Simple character in minor role in serious fiction, but will a major part in interior fiction.

Round (complex) characters, in contrast to the flat characters, are dynamic and they grow and develop with the play. Everything about them is revealed in the play. They are usually the main characters of the play. Analyzing a character is more difficult that a analyzing a plot, because character is more complex, variable, and ambiguous. In studying a character, beginning by determining the character standing traits. The complex or around character is higher bind of achievement than the simple complexity of character tend to produce life likeness in the world of fiction. The complex character is in many ways difficult than the simple. There are two kinds of characters.

Someone who is characterized by one or two traits. "Flat" and "round" were terms first proposed by E.M. Forster in his Aspects of the Novel and they are often misapplied by modern critics. Flat is especially corrupted when used as a synonym for cardboard; in Forster's usage, flat is not a derogatory term. Rather, it describes a character who can be summed up in a sentence.

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A flat character (also called a type, or "two-dimensional"), Forster says, is builtaround "a single idea or quality" and is presented without muchm

individualizing detail, and therefore can be fairly adequately described in a single phrase or sentence (Glossary 1999:33).

So it can say a flat character is a character with a very simple personality, often called “one or two dimensional” characters. They are not necessarily unimportant thought. The writer does not provide enough information for us to understanding them.

And the other one, a round character is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity; such a character therefore is asdifficult to describe with any adequacy as a person in real life, and like realpersons, is capable of surprising us (Glossary 1999:33).

In other word, a round character is a character that is very detailed and the reader can able to see and visualize all side of this character. Round character usually protagonist and antagonist but exceptions do occur. In conclusion if you can list a lot of things about who they are (character in the novel), their

personality and their motivations, then most likely you have a round character. If you hardly know anything about them, or only one or two things stand out about them they are flat character.

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1.4. Characterization

Characterization is a means by which writers present and reveal characters – by directdescription, by showing the character in action, or by the presentation of other characters who help to define each other.

According to (Robert 2013:55) how to author to disclose character in literature

1. Action by character reveals their nature. What character do is our best clue to understanding what they are.

2. The author’s descriptions, both personal and environmental, tell us about character. Appearance and environmental reveal much about character’s social and economic status and they also tell us about character trait.

3. What character say-dramatic statement and thought-reveal what they are like. Although the speeches most character are functional-essential to keep the action moving along-they provide material from which you may draw conclusions.

4. We learn characters from what other say about them. By studying what character say about each other, you can often enhance your

understanding of character being discussed.

5. The author, speaking as storytelleror an observer, may tell us about characters. What the author, speaking as a work’s authorial voice, says about a character is usually accurate and the authorial voice can be accepted factually.

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As Robert says, we can analyze characterization of character. Remember that you must use your own knowledge and experience to make judgments about the qualities of the characters being revealed.

A broad distinction is frequently made between alternative methods for

characterizing (i.e., establishing the distinctive characters of) the persons in a narrative: showing and telling. In showing (also called "the dramatic method"), the author simply presents the characters talking and acting and leaves the reader to infer the motives and dispositions that lie behind what they say and do

(Abraham 1999:33)

There are some methods to characterize a character. According Holman (1978:91) 1. The explicit presentation by the author of the character through direct

exposition, either in an introductory block or more often piece-meal throughout the work, illustrated by action.

2. The presentation of the character in action, with little or no explicit comment by the author, in the expectation that the reader will be able to deduce the attributes of the actor from the action.

3. The representation from within a character, without comment on the character by the author, of the impact of actions and emotion upon his inner self, with the expectation that the reader will come to a clear understanding of the attributes of the character

It is very useful methods because in realty we can analyze character someone by look at his behavior, speech, and appearance. But different with in literary work, we must imagine the character because the characteristic explain by narration.

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1.5. Theories of Personality

An “educated guess” about important aspects of human behavior, which maybe based on clinical observation or empirical research (or both). Important and relatively stable characteristics within a person that accountfor consistent patterns of behavior. Aspects of personality may beobservable or unobservable, and conscious or unconscious. (Robert B 2003:5)

According statement above, Personality is a comprehensive construct, and motivation is a fundamental aspect of behavior. Therefore, theories of personality are in largepart theories of motivation, and must (directly or indirectly) make crucial assumptions about the basic nature of human beings.

Freud originally defined the structure of personality in terms of the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious (the topographic model). However, he found that this straightforward approach left much to be desired. According to Freud as quoted in Robert B (2003:18) to overcome such difficulties, Freud developed a revised theory (the structural model) that describes personality in terms of three constructs: the id, the ego, and the superego.

These concepts, and their relationship to the topographic model, are refers to the “perceptual-conscious,” which is the outermost layer of consciousness. Freud emphasizes that the id, ego, and superego are not separate compartments within the mind. They blend together, like sections of a telescope or colors in a

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painting. For purposes of discussion, however, it is necessary to treat these interrelated constructs one at a time.

Freud said that the mind could be divided into three abstract categories. These are the id, the ego, and the superego. Although these are known as structures, do not take the term literally. Freud did not mean that these are physical parts of our bodies or our brains. He coined these terms and proposed this division of the mind as abstract ideas meant to help us understand how personality develops and works, and how mental illnesses can develop.

1. The id: Latin for the term “it,” this division of the mind includes our basic instincts, inborn dispositions, and animalistic urges. Freud said that the id is totally unconscious, that we are unaware of its workings. The id is not rational; it imagines, dreams, and invents things to get us what we want. Freud said that the id operates according to the pleasure principle—it aims toward pleasurable things and away from painful things. The id aims to satisfy our biological urges and drives. It includes feelings of hunger, thirst, sex, and other natural body desires aimed at deriving pleasure. 2. The ego: Greek and Latin for “I,” this personality structure begins

developing in childhood and can be interpreted as the “self.” The ego is partly conscious and partly unconscious. The ego operates according to the reality principle; that is, it attempts to help the id get what it wants by judging the difference between real and imaginary. If a person is hungry, the id might begin to imagine food and even dream about food.

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(The id is not rational.) The ego, however, will try to determine how to get some real food. The ego helps a person satisfy needs through reality. 3. The superego: This term means “above the ego,” and includes the moral

ideas that a person learns within the family and society. The superego gives people feelings of pride when they do something correct (the ego ideal) and feelings of guilt when they do something they consider to be morally wrong (the conscience). The superego, like the ego, is partly conscious and partly unconscious. The superego is a child’s moral barometer, and it creates feelings of pride and guilt according to the beliefs that have been learned within the family and the culture.

2.6. New Historicism

Owing to the intricate and ambivalent relationship between text and context, there has been a long-running debate about the disciplinary boundary between history and fiction. New Historicism has become a literary term closely associated with Greenblatt, who is generally regarded as the guru of New Historicism and, as a predictable result of his sudden prominence, the focus of much criticism. By breaching disciplinary boundaries between the text and history, and between fiction and reality, New Historicism, eventually and inevitably, has now come to terms with the decision to set up its priority in a place between textualism and contextualism.

In “Introduction: New World Encounters,” that the “attempt to reduce the distance between the self and the other by ‘direct substitution’ is one of the enduring principles of the early European response to unfamiliar lands and

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peoples, but it is set against the opposite response, the recognition of baffling and confounding otherness in the newly discovered lands and peoples” (Greenblatt 1993: xi). The land, people, culture of the Other, in fact, play an ambiguous role in Greenblatt’s New Historicism. It seems, on the one hand, less significant than the Self in his analysis; but it has, on the other hand, an absolutely essential role in the program of renewing the marvelous at the heart of the resonance.

new historicists attend primarily to the historical and cultural conditions of its production, its meanings, its effects, and also of its later critical interpretations and evaluations (Abraham 1999:183). Louis Montrose described the new historicism as "a reciprocal concern with the historicity of texts and the textuality of history." That is, history is conceived not to be a set of fixed, objective facts but, like the literature with which it interacts, a text which itself needs to be interpreted.

So the New Historicists aim to do two things; first, they want to study how work of literature reflect its historical and sociocultural context, that why we will often find dust covered New Historicists digging in ancient archives to get background. Second, to understand how a literary work comment on and relates to its context, so the archive hunt won’t just reveal that thing. But also what is was like to live in that year, and what people thought and felt at that starriest of historical moment.

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2.7. Related Study

The Analysis of Plot in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Novel Sherlock Holmes:

The Hound ofthe Baskervilles. By Wahyuda Pratama

This paper entitled “The Analysis of Plot in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Novel Sherlock Holmes: The Hound of the Baskervilles” is about the plot element in a literary work consist of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and the resolution. The Hound of the Baskervilles is the third novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It is a fiction which tells about Holmes and his partner Dr. Watson as the detectives. The story is how Holmes and Watson solve the mystery of the hound that killed the Baskerville heirs. They protect Sir Henry Baskerville from hound attack and arrest the suspect behind the case. This paper uses step by step method. Reading until finish the main source data that is The Hound of the Baskervilles, then interpret and analyze the plot element in the novel so that can conclude the relevant text to make this paper. This paper describes how each plot elements in a literary is related, because without the absence of interconnections, it would not perhaps a work of literature will be crafted.

Between Whayuda’s thesis And writer thesis both has similarity, both thesis analyze about the element of story. But need to know there are some differences between this thesis with Wahyuda’s thesis, in Wahyuda’s thesis he explains about the plot in The Hound of the Baskervilles, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Wahyuda focus to how describes each plot elements in a literary is related, because without the absence of interconnections, it would not perhaps a work of literature will be crafted.

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Difference with this thesis writer explains about the character and characterization of Sherlock Holmes based on The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, however the story is difference but Sherlock Holmes is serial novel that mean although they have many stories but the character and characterization is not difference. Writer also describe about factors that Sherlock Holmes behavior is not has bad effect to people, in contrary Sherlock Holmes use his skills to help people solve their problems. That means that writer only focus to Sherlock Holmes characterization and his psychology condition.

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CHAPTER III ANALYSIS

This chapter presents the findings and analysis of the data. Before presenting the data, it is initiated by presenting the synopsis and literary analysis of the movie. It is done to know the story of The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes in terms of characteristic and content. Moreover, in this part, presenting the character of the characters is also needed.

3.1. Characterization

In this sub chapter, writer will explain about the characterization of the main character in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, Based on the categories of the characters presented in the previous chapter before, the writer specifies the discussion of the Sherlock Holmes as main characters on the novel chosen.

3.1.1. Genius

Based on quote below writer can conclude that Sherlock Holmes is genius He was still, as ever, deeply attracted by the study of crime, and occupied his immense faculties and extraordinary powers of observation in following out those clues, and clearing up those mysteries which had been abandoned as hopeless by the official police. (Scandal in Bohemia)

That quote was say by Dr Watson as Sherlock Holmes Partner, admit that Sherlock Holmes can solve problem that we can say hopeless, that mean he has something different with the other include police. The way to see something and the way to thinking make him can see something that cannot see by the other.

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As proof let’s see this attraction of Sherlock Holmes’s analysis to his partner Dr. Watson

“It is simplicity itself,” said he; “my eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavey. As to your practice, if a gentleman walks into my rooms smelling of iodoform, with a black mark of nitrate of silver upon his right forefinger, and a bulge on the right side of his tophat to show where he has secreted his stethoscope, I must be dull, indeed, if I do not pronounce him to be an active member of the medical

profession.”(Scandal in Bohemia)

Based that quote we can conclude that Sherlock Holmes is very genius, he can see that most of people cannot see and can make deductive based his analysis. it is surprising to the reader then, to see that Holmes is actually a rather believable character: his talent for observation is a plausible kind of genius, and even if some of his deductions hinge on unrealistically convenient points ,his ability to notice details that others pass over is no different than that of a good writer or painter. Since his character is defined primarily by his skill.

The quick wit and sharp observational skills of Sherlock Holmes used to analyze and solve the greatest mysteries is legendary. And even though Sherlock Holmes often expressed a need for the sleuthing to stick to the facts, his actions would often demonstrate that he was very reliant on his intuition as well, and clearly saw both logic and intuition as equal partners in solving the mysteries before him.

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While it isn't possible to intuit everything in life, there are times when listening to our intuition is both sensible and helpful in reaching conclusions about such things as relationships, connections with others, and the suitability or

otherwise of certain life choices. As for being able to work out what makes other people tick, there are some intuitive tricks you can rely upon to help you guess reasonably accurately and your intuition can easily be developed with a little practice and perseverance by following these easy steps.

Not all people has that amazing skill, more over the cleaver agent called Irene Adler admit that Sherlock Holmes is genius man on her letter

My dear Mr. Sherlock Holmes:

“You really did it very well. You took me in completely. Until after the alarm of fire, I had not a suspicion. But then, when I found how I had betrayed myself, I began to think. I had been warned against you months ago. I had been told that if the King employed an agent it would certainly be you. And your address had been given me. Yet, with all this, you made me reveal what you wanted to know. Even after I became suspicious, I found it hard to think evil of such a dear, kind old clergyman. But, you know, I have been trained as an

actress myself. Male costume is nothing new to me. I often take advantage of the freedom which it gives. I sent John, the coachman, to watch you, ran up stairs, got into my walking-clothes, as I call them, and came down just as you departed. (Scandal in Bohemia) Not only way to think, Holmes have thousand way to trick his enemy. To trick cleaver enemy not easy as imagined. Need a good plan, skill to see condition, and mental to do that trick. Holmes have that all and he can synchronize that element so that we can called this amazing detective as master mind or genius.

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3.1.2. Self Confidence

A central theme of the story is Holmes's dealing with the consequences of a decision he made after a tragedy occurred in one of his cases. Without

consulting anyone, Holmes made a judgment that radically changed the course of his life and in turn, the lives of many other people.

“I have seen those symptoms before,” said Holmes, throwing his cigarette into the fire. “Oscillation upon the pavement always means an affaire de coeur. She would like advice, but is not sure that the matter is not too delicate for communication. And yet even here we may discriminate. When a woman has been seriously wronged by a man she no longer oscillates, and the usual symptom is a broken bell wire. Here we may take it that there is a love matter, but that the maiden is not so much angry as perplexed, or grieved. But here she comes in person to resolve our doubts.”(Case of Identity)

No doubt that Holmes have high self confidence, Holmes never meet with his client but he brave to make conclusion about his client without asking anything before. Holmes, a man known for his analytic abilities, came to his life-altering conclusion influenced by a torrent of difficult emotions. It came from a narrow perspective that did not take into account the larger picture of his life and the positive impact he had on people. He felt justified to punish himself for a perceived mistake and therefore withheld his gifts from the world.

Another factor in Holmes's decision could have been his egoism. Since he was always the smartest person in the room, perhaps it never occurred to him to ask for help. He could have believed that his abilities were so great that he could not come to a poor decision.

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In other scene Holmes talk with his client, how confidence Holmes. With a little praise from his client he proudly said “It is true that I have been generally successful.”

“I have heard of you, Mr. Holmes. I heard from Major Prendergast how you saved him in the Tankerville Club scandal.”

“Ah, of course. He was wrongfully accused of cheating at cards.” “He said that you could solve anything.”

“He said too much.”

“That you are never beaten.”

“I have been beaten four times—three times by men, and once by a woman.”

“But what is that compared with the number of your successes?” “It is true that I have been generally successful.”

“Then you may be so with me.”

“I beg that you will draw your chair up to thefire and favour me with some details as to your case.”(The Five Orange Pips)

The highly gifted create structure, generate ideas, and efficiently process information in ways that are qualitatively superior to moderately gifted and average ability individuals. Typically, adult academic and occupational achievements are also superior. Their advanced need to know tends to narrow their self-concept such that consistent, accurate, and valid feedback is more difficult to obtain. The net effect of this is a tendency toward low-self-esteem. We can realize it from Sherlock Holmes; in history he just has some fail when break the case. But with his confidence he can break cases more than his failure.

3.1.3. Detachment

Holmes social relationship is not well enough, but we cannot describe him as sociopath. Many people judge him as sociopath, but if we see deeply about

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Sherlock Holmes personality he is not sociopath, so stop called Holmes as sociopath

He drank a great deal of brandy, and smoked very heavily, but he would see no society, and did not want any friends, not even his own brother. He didn't mind me; in fact he took a fancy to me, for at the time when he saw me first I was a youngster of twelve or so. (Five Orange Pips)

Why,” said I, glancing up at my companion,

“that was surely the bell. Who could come to-night? Some friend of yours, perhaps?”

“Except yourself I have none,” he answered. “I do not encourage visitors.”

“A client, then?”

“If so, it is a serious case. (Five Orange Pips)

Based on quote above, I am sure that people think that Sherlock Holmes is an anti social. Holmes said that he did not have friend except Watson, but writer believes that Holmes is not an anti social but he is coldness. First, coldness. Indeed, that seems to mesh with “shallow affect, lack of empathy.” But Holmes’s coldness is not the coldness of a psychopath. There are several fundamental differences. First, the psychopath is cold because he is incapable of being otherwise hence, the element of lacking guilt or remorse. A psychopath doesn’t experience feelings the same way we do. The things that excite us, trouble us, make us happy do virtually nothing for him. In fact, psychopaths are often used in studies of emotion for that precise reason.

All emotions, and that one particularly, were abhorrent to his cold, precise, but admirably balanced mind. (Scandal in Bohemia)

Holmes’s coldness is nothing of the sort. It’s not that he doesn’t

experience any emotion. It’s that he has trained himself to not let emotions cloud his judgment something that he repeats often to Watson. In The Sign of Four,

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recall Holmes’s reaction to Mary Morstan: “I think she is one of the most charming young ladies I ever met.” He does find her charming, then. But that’s not all he says. “But love is an emotional thing, and whatever is emotional is opposed to that true cold reason which I place above all things,” Holmes

continues. Were Sherlock a psychopath, none of those statements would make any sense whatsoever.

What’s more, Holmes’s coldness lacks the related elements of no empathy, no remorse, and failure to take responsibility. For empathy, we need look no further than his reaction to Watson’s wound in “The Three Garridebs,” (“You’re not hurt, Watson? For God’s sake, say that you are not hurt!”) or his desire to let certain criminals walk free, if they are largely guiltless in his own judgment. For remorse, consider his guilt at dragging Watson into trouble when the situation is too much (and his apology for startling him into a faint in “The Empty House.” Witness: “I owe you a thousand apologies. I had no idea that you would be so affected.” A sociopath does not apologize).

3.1.4. Weak in love

Remember about Sherlock Holmes failure, one of his failures that cause by a woman.

“I have been beaten four times—three times by men, and once by a woman.”(Five Orange Pips)

Let see more deeply woman who can beat the great detective Sherlock Holmes And that was how a great scandal threatened to affect the kingdom of Bohemia, and how the best plans of Mr. Sherlock Holmes were

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beaten by a woman’s wit. He used to make merry over the cleverness of women, but I have not heard him do it of late. And when he speaks of Irene Adler, or when he refers to her photograph, it is always under the honourable title of the woman. (Scandal in Bohemia)

Irene Adler is an opera singer who has had an affair with the former Prince (now the King) of Bohemia. Hurt by the King’s rejection in favour of a more politically suitable bride, she threatens blackmail with a photograph taken of the two of them together, a clear sign that they were romantically involved. When Sherlock Holmes is brought on the case, his attempts to recover the photograph ultimately fail.

We know Sherlock Holmes is great detective with high concentration and the most logical guy in story, but those prides can easily become useless in front of Irene Adler.

o woman. I have seldom heard him men- tion her under any other name. In his Sherlock Holmes she is always the eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex. It was not that he felt any

emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. All emotions, and that one particularly, were abhorrent to his cold, precise but admirably balanced mind. He was, I take it, the most perfect reasoning and observing machine that the world has seen, but as a lover he would have placed himself in a false position…. (Scandal in Bohemia) Holmes preoccupation with work and his experiments are not clues to a

substitution for sex, but rather support an argument that Holmes had a low sense of sexual desire. Doyle created Sherlock Holmes as a man of science who focused very clearly on the specific details of life, especially within his adventurous type of work. Doyle did not create his character to be the type of man who would have enjoyed the responsibility of a relationship of the heart. The fact that he never

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became involved with a woman shows clearly that Doyle was not interested in having Holmes marry. It is possible, however, that Doyle

Doyle most likely felt that giving Sherlock Holmes sexual desires and relations would also give him a weakness that might interrupt Holmes' work. This argument is not to imply that Holmes didn't have weaknesses. He did spend days doing nothing but lounging on the couch. But this weakness had no effect on his sleuthing. He did not, for instance, see a couch and immediately feel the desire to nap Simply, it would have been difficult for Doyle to insert too many romantic possibilities without jeopardizing his characters’ integrity. In the prudish setting of Victorian England, writers were already sparking, within their readers, an introspective interest in sex.

3.1.5. Drug Addict

My own complete happiness, and the home-centred interests which rise up around the man who first finds himself master of his own establishment, were sufficient to absorb all my attention, while Holmes, who loathed every form of society with his whole Bohemian soul, remained in our lodgings in Baker Street, buried among his old books, and alternating from week to week between cocaine and ambition, the drowsiness of the drug, and the fierce energy of his own keen nature (Scandal in Bohemia)

You can really see the difference in the acceptability of cocaine when Conan Doyle wrote these stories as opposed to now. It's so matter of fact that Holmes spends about half his time taking drugs to relieve his boredom, as though cocaine were the same thing as Sudoku or a good crossword puzzle. Something else that's really key about Holmes's drug use is that it signals how far outside of society (as

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represented by Watson's "home-centred interests") he likes to live: "his whole Bohemian soul" alternates "from week to week between cocaine and ambition."

Cocaine would have been legal in Conan Doyle's day, so the social meaning of taking the drug would be quite different than it is today. At the time, Holmes's drug use might have underlined not only the extreme activity of his brain, but also his generally Bohemian lifestyle. Even so, Watson clearly disapproves of what he sees as Holmes's moral weakness in relation to his drug use and, in later Holmes episodes, Watson gradually persuades his friend to quit.

3.1.6. Smoke Addict

When I read about Sherlock Holmes, I have come to the realization that Holmes is portrayed in two different ways. In the original Sherlock Holmes series ‘The Speckled Band’, Holmes is a middle aged man, who has a fetish for weird things, such as murders. His job consists of solving the mysteries/crimes the police pass off as unimportant or an accident. He being middle aged gives the impression he’s experienced at his job. However, it could also give the impression that he’s too old to do his job properly and may miss or forget important details. In addition to that, he lives in 221 Baker Street, London. His idiosyncratic habits are: his smoking of cigars, which he does frequently and that suggests that it’s right and not frowned upon, which also tells us he’s living in a time smoking was right.

He held out his snuffbox of old gold, with agreat amethyst in the centre of the lid. Its splendour was in such contrast to his homely

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ways and simple life that I could not help commenting upon it. (A Case of Identity)

“As a rule,” said Holmes, “the more bizarre athing is the less mysterious it proves to be. It is your commonplace, featureless crimes which are really puzzling, just as a commonplace face is the most difficult to identify. But I must be prompt over this matter.” “What are you going to do, then?” I asked.

“To smoke,” he answered. “It is quite a three pipe problem, and I beg that you won’t speak to mefor fifty minutes.”(The Red-Headed League)

He smokes pipes and cigarettes. Even the most casual fan of the Great Detective can picture him with a pipe. However, cigarettes were smoked almost constantly. The show, Sherlock, makes the adjustment by giving him nicotine patches –turning a three pipe problem into a three patch Quote above is enough to knowing that Holmes is heavy smoker, imagine how much tobacco that use to fill three pipe. problem.

Let’s see another quote

He had even smoked there. I found the ash of a cigar, which my special knowledge of tobacco ashes enables me to pronounce as an Indian cigar. I have, as you know, devoted some attention to this, and written a little monograph on the ashes of 140 different varieties of pipe, cigar,and cigarette tobacco.

Holmes also know about varieties tobacco, it’ normal because In Victorian England tobacco smoking, if not in excess, was regarded not only as a pleasurable habit but also as a therapeutic pastime. In the late Victorian period, smoking a pipe or a cigar was usually a male habit.

Holmes was very fond of smoking for its alleged mind-refreshing effect. He smoked cigars, cigarettes, and most preferably pipes. Occasionally, he snuffed tobacco from a jewel snuff-box. He kept his cigars in a scuttle or a slipper besides

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the fireplace in his apartment at 221B Baker Street. Dr Watson also enjoyed smoking a pipe and occasionally he smoked a cigar, but he never smoked cigarettes. Holmes smoked a pipe when he was in a contemplative mood. However, when he was agitated, he smoked cigarettes and paced the drawing room. He smoked a cigar (most preferably Cuban) usually after a meal in a restaurant, or when drinking brandy.

In recent scholarship Sherlock Holmes appears more than merely a 'master detective'. His personality, behaviour, and addictions have become an interesting area of psychological and psychiatric research. Whether he was or not a drug addict is of little relevance today. However, Sherlock Holmes has become an epitome of a certain strand of masculine culture of late-Victorian England, which is characterised by physical power and hegemonic masculinity, male friendship (comradeship), as well as occasional strident misogyny.

3.1.7. Physical Appearance

Novels aren’t a visual medium. They’re verbal. Author has words only to establish character. Unlike visual media like screen, stage and comic formats, we can’t rely on the audience knowing what a character looks like. We can’t insert subtle visual cues to reveal character; all characterization must be revealed explicitly through words on the page.

And because novels aren’t visual, because they are read and not seen, it is a character’s actions and voice that distinguish them from one another. Physically they could be identical clones, provided that their personalities are

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distinguishable. On screen, perfect clones would soon get confusing and visual clues are needed, such as clothing or hair styles, or the other addition.

3.1.7.1. Tall

Holmes is tall, we can see in Watson quote that he describe that Holmes is tall Sherlock Holmes was pacing up and down the platform, his tall, gaunt figure made even gaunter and taller by his long grey travelling-cloak and close-fitting cloth cap.(The Boscombe Valley Mystery)

From that quote we can conclude that Holmes is tall, more over with his long dress he look taller than usually. In the first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet, he is described as being over six feet tall, very lean, with piercing grey eyes, black hair and a thin hawk-like nose.

However, the actual appearances of the detective and the doctor are tied in many respects to the indeterminate matter of their true names. If “Holmes” and “Watson” were aliases, then it is likely that Watson would have changed their physical descriptions as well, to ensure concealment. Whether truly “heavily built” or “thin as a lath,”

3.1.7.2. Thin

Let see both quote below, those quote was said by Holmes partner Dr. Watson he describe indirect physically of Sherlock Holmes but it is very clearly to understand

All the afternoon he sat in the stalls wrapped in the most perfect happiness, gently waving his long thin fingers in time to the music,

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while his gently smiling face and his languid, dreamy eyes were as unlike those of Holmes the sleuth-hound, Holmes the relentless, keen-witted, ready-handed criminal agent, as it was possible to conceive. .”(The Red-Headed League)

He curled himself up in his chair, with his thin knees drawn up to his hawk-like nose, and there he sat with his eyes closed and his black clay pipe thrusting out like the bill of some strange bird. .”(The Red-Headed League)

Many who knew Dr. Bell would later notice how many of his physical attributed would later become the attributes of Sherlock Holmes himself. Conan Doyle would later recall his memories of Joseph Bell, commenting that he remembered him as thin, high-nosed, eagle faced, with a jerky way of walking and possessing a “high strident voice.” Holmes’s voice is not mentioned that often in descriptive terms in the stories, but when it is mentioned it too is described as being a high strident voice.

3.1.7.3 Fashionable

Style in clothing is also part of characterization, because we can analyze character based on his style. The most famous wearer of a deerstalker is

undoubtedly the fictional character Sherlock Holmes, who is popularly depicted favouring this style of cap. Holmes is never actually described as wearing a deerstalker by name in Arthur Conan Doyle's stories, though. However, most notably in "The Adventure of Silver Blaze," the narrator, Doctor Watson,

describes him as wearing "his ear-flapped travelling cap", and in "The Boscombe Valley Mystery", as wearing a "close-fitting cloth cap". As the deerstalker is the most typical cap of the period matching both descriptions, it is not surprising that the original illustrations for the stories by Sidney Paget in Great Britain, and

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Frederic Dorr Steele in the United States, along with other illustrators of the period, depicted Holmes as a "deerstalker man", which then became the popular perception of him.

Later, less-informed depictions of Holmes have him wearing this cap in the city failing to take into account the fact that the fashion-conscious Holmes would be loath to commit such a sartorial faux pas; the deerstalker is traditionally a rural outdoorsman's cap. It is not appropriate headgear for the properly dressed urban gentleman. Still, while contemporaneous illustrators portrayed Holmes as wearing a deerstalker in the proper setting for such attire, travelling cross-country or operating in a rural outdoor setting,

It was soon evident to me that he was now preparing for an all-night sitting. He took off his coat and waistcoat, put on a large blue

dressing-gown, and then wandered about the room collecting pillows from his bed, and cusions from the sofa and armchairs. With these he constructed a sort of Eastern divan, upon which he perched himself cross-legged, with an ounce of shag -tobacco and a box of matches laid out in front of him. (The Man with the Twisted Lip) According that quote that Holmes is stylish in fashion, usually people use common dress when traveling, but Holmes wear waistcoat that show he is not common people but he is a detective. The great detective usually wears tweed or a frock coat. Sometimes at home he dons a loose dressing grown and a banian. While investigating in the country his outfit consist a long grey coat and practical deerstalker cap (originally the deerstalker was grey, but in some cartoon and movie adaption it has different color and is even checked). In the city Holmes

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wear elegant top hat, he always has his pipe and magnifying glass with him and sometimes, there is a chalk or tape a measure in his pocket.

Personal cleanliness is very important for him, he is always elegantly dressed, citation in The Hound of Baskervilles “in his tweed suit and cloth cap he looked like any other tourist upon the moor, and he had contrived, with that catlike love of personal cleanliness which one of his characteristic, that his chin should be as smooth and his linen as perfect as if he were in Baker Street” For additional

My wants were few and simple, so that in less than the time stated I was in a cab with my valise, rattling away to Paddington Station. Sherlock Holmes was pacing up and down the platform, his tall, gaunt figure made even gaunter and taller by his long grey

travelling-cloak and close-fitting cloth cap.(The Boscombe Valley Mystery)

I had called upon my friend Sherlock Holmes upon the second morning after Christmas, with the intention of wishing him the compliments of the season. He was lounging upon the sofa in a purple dressing-gown, a pipe-rack within his reach upon the right, and a pile of crumpled morning papers, evidently newly studied, near at hand.( The Blue Carbuncle)

Let see both different quote, we can realize that Holmes wear different dress color. That mean he has one more dressed in simply he good in stylish. Especially in second quote Holmes use purple dressing gown, that color is so shiny for men. Long describes Holmes’s wardrobe as that of “a modern English gentleman. The greatcoat and the deerstalker were key components of any gentleman’s wardrobe in England at that time period.” The deerstalker is most often made of cloth, often a light or heavy wool tweed, although deerstalkers made of suede, white cotton duck and even blue jeans denim are not unknown.

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3.2. Causes Holmes Habit has no Bad Effect to Public

Remind previous sub chapter we know that Sherlock Holmes is coldness and have drug habit. If we look in reality, someone who has coldness personality and drug addict usually, he has bad effect to public and extremely he do crimes problem. Although we know in Doyle era some addict is legal to consume but remember addict have bad effect to brain and affected in habits. That amazing, this fictional character looks like not affected with his social relation and habit. on the other hand, works in the highest levels of the British government, using his equally remarkable skills to help save people and maintain social stability. He has Sherlock’s intellect, but with a sense of social responsibility. I realized more could be done with this older, smarter character.

3.2.1. Interested in Cases

Sherlock Holmes is hunter. He prefers to work alone, but relies on others when it suits him. He never knows the final outcome of what he undertakes, but he presses it home with conviction because he knows that to do otherwise would mean certain disaster. He makes (and re-makes) everything up as he goes along, except his method for making things up as he goes along. This is why most human beings find him so unsatisfactory: because they greatly prefer a predictable mediocrity to an unpredictable genius. With those pride make him interest to cases according Watson explains

He was still, as ever, deeply attracted by the study of crime, and occupied his immense faculties and extraordinary powers of observation in following out those clues, and clearing up those

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mysteries which had been abandoned as hopeless by the official police.(Scandal in Bohemia)

Sherlock Holmes can be an eccentric person. He is very hard to be predicted in his way of life. His expertness about crime and other studies are acheived not by a forma education. He learn them from basic living in London. While being a man tha can’t be predicted, he sometime also make a good talk when the object entertains him.

On cases in which I have during the last eight years studied the methods of over my notes of the seventy my friend Sherlock Holmes, I find many tragic, some comic, a large number merely strange, but none commonplace; for, working as he did rather for the love of his art than for the acquirement of wealth, he refused to associate himself with any investigation which did not tend towards the unusual, and even the fantastic. (The Adventure of the Speckled Band)

The person with prosocial behavior intends to give benefit to society. In some cases, these people are really helpful. They always give a hand to people nearby. As a result, the society values them more than anyone. The people with prosocial behavior want to help each other based on nothing. This behavior somehow needs to be triggered. For example people not usually seeking for someone who need a help, rather, people will react when he/she found someone nearby that need a help.

As support quote Sherlock Holmes

I can only say, madam, that I shall be happy to devote the same care to your case as I did to that of your friend. As to reward, my

profession is its own reward; but you are at liberty to defray whatever expenses I may be put to, at the time which suits you best. And now I beg that you will lay before us everything that may help us in forming an opinion upon the matter (The Adventure of the Speckled Band)

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According Holmes said we can interpret that Holmes no need payment to help break cases. His dedication as detective more important than money, this suggests that author created a sense of superiority in the character of Holmes. He rarely takes credit for his work and often allows the police force to take all of the

recognition. This humility is a positive personality feature, a device used by Doyle to increase the appeal and sense of "reasonableness" to be found in the

characterisation of the English detective.

This explanation above proved that Holmes help people without ask payment because his interesting to cases, it states that the Id is the unconscious needs and desires of a human. Further Freud explained the division of psychics in human by deriving the id, the ego, and the super ego as the agents who influence the behavior of a person that leads to form his/ her character in this case, it is Holmes eccentric character. The id placed in unconscious mind plays the role as impulses to human nature that cares only to accomplish his contentment. It is like a basic foundation of one to do something that he desires utmost Holmes id is crime. Fond of doing chemical experiment and revealing unique cases like murder are the realization of his id.

3.2.2. Love with his Profession

The character of Sherlock Holmes works as a “consulting detective” both for london metropolitan police and for private hire. He is not an official police detective nor does he have any of the powers of one. Apart from few select stories, Holmes appears alongside his trusted companion, Dr. John Watson.

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Together, they investigate and solve incredibly elaborate and almost impossible cases, using Holmes incredible skills of deduction, observation, disguise and forensic science

According Watson quote below, he said that Holmes is unofficial detective that help solve people problems

I smiled and shook my head. “I can quite understand your thinking so.” I said. “Of course, in your position of unofficial adviser and helper to everybody who is absolutely puzzled, throughout three continents, you are brought in contact with all that is strange and bizarre.(Case of Identity)

Holmes have a self respect as a detective, he help people without ask any price. His existences as detective become his motivation to help people. He was also a detective who relied on facts and evidence rather than chance. Many people have idolized Holmes to be their goal in life, however, it is not an easy task for they are required to have the abilities and instincts of that Holmes inhabited. Holmes enjoyed his job very much and there is no other person that would do his job as well as him.

“You? Who are you? How could you know anything of the matter?""My name is Sherlock Holmes. It is my business to know what other people don't know." (The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle)

His pride as detective really shows that he is very love with his job. Maybe we can interpret him as good people; Sherlock Holmes is an imaginary character and an excellent example of a good detective. He shows that, in three interesting stories, "The Speckled Band, The Dancing Men, and The Red Headed League.

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These stories present Holmes as a detective who is very observant, pretty good listener and prepared.

As for t he ego, the bridge between the id and the super ego, guides Holmes as a servant of his id and yet it adjusts with the norm of the society, he becomes a consulting detective, a job that he said was invented by himself in t his world. He loves the crime and willingly involving himself in the case even though he is not paid off .Although his mind likes the crime, his super ego steers him to be the side of the justice not the one who creates it.

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CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION

This chapter will draw about previous chapter, Based on the analysis in the previous chapter, the writer make some conclusions. The writer has find out that Sherlock Holmes is main character in the story because he give much

contribution of the story. Then, about the characterization, there are some problems or topics that writer have been discussed. They are about physical appearance, style, habits, social relationship and personality. Writer concludes thatHolmes is actually a rather believable character: his talent for observation is a plausible kind of genius, and even if some of his deductions hinge on

unrealistically convenient points. With that pride Holmes advanced need to know tends to narrow their self concept such that consistent, accurate, and valid

feedback is more difficult to obtain. The net effect of this is a tendency toward low self esteem. Writer finds that Holmes’s coldness is nothing of the sort. It’s not that he doesn’t experience any emotion. It’s that he has trained himself to not let emotions cloud his judgment something that he repeats often to Watson. Holmes is not perfect human that mean he has weakness. His weakness to women that he loved, Irene Adler is a woman who makes Holmes’s skill useless.

It's so matter of fact that Holmes spends about half his time taking drugs to relieve his boredom, as though cocaine were the same thing as Sudoku or a good crossword puzzle. Something else that's really key about Holmes's drug use is that it signals how far outside of society. Not only that, Holmes is smoke addict too, His idiosyncratic habits is his smoking of cigars, which he does frequently and

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that suggests that it’s right and not frowned upon, which also tells us he’s living in a time smoking was right.

Sherlock is a tall, thin man appearing no more than in his late thirties. Long describes Holmes’s wardrobe as that of “a modern English gentleman. The greatcoat and the deerstalker were key components of any gentleman’s wardrobe in England at that time period.” The deerstalker is most often made of cloth, often a light or heavy wool tweed, although deerstalkers made of suede, white cotton duck and even blue jeans denim are not unknown.

Sherlock Holmes can be an eccentric person. He is very hard to be predicted in his way of life. His expertness about crime and other studies are acheived not by a forma education. He learn them from basic living in London. While being a man tha can’t be predicted, he sometime also make a good talk when the object entertains him. Especially about cases his interesting on the case very high, he always look for cases as he dedication as detective and his

interesting. The character of Sherlock Holmes works as a “consulting detective” both for london metropolitan police and for private hire. He is not an official police detective nor does he have any of the powers of one.

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WORK CITED

Doyle, Arthur Conan. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. 1892.

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Theory second edition. England: Prentice Hall, 1999.

Bennett, Andrew. And Royle, Nicholas. Literature: Criticism and Theory, Third

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Holman, C, Hugh and Harmon William. A Handbook to Literature: fifth edition,

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(Spring 1997)

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Group 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN, 2006.

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Psychological Medicine, 1991: 1-3.

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Ewen, Robert B. An Introduction To Theories Of Personality Sixth Edition.

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Giroux: New York, 1972.

Booth, Martin. 1998. The Doctor, the Detective and Arthur Conan Doyle: A Biography of Arthur Conan Doyle. USA: Coronet Books.

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Imagery. Shiraz University, 2007.

Internet Source

http://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/Sherlock_Holmes http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary

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AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 22 may 1859. His mother, Mary Foley, was Irish and descendant of the famous Percy family of Northumberland, in the line of Plantagenet. His father, Charles Altamont Doyle, was a not very ambitious officer with some artistic talent . When he lost his job, he sank into alcoholism and was interned after severe seizures before dying in

1893. His three brothers distinguished themselves in England: James wrote The

Chronicles of England, Henry was director of the National Gallery in Dublin and

Richard was one of the most famous illustrators of Punch.

Arthur is the second of seven children (Annette Constance, Caroline, Innes, Ida and Julia). His education begins at home and in a small Edinburgh school. At nine, he entered the Jesuit college Hodder in Lancashire to prepare his admission to the Stonyhurst College. He succeeded two years later and already starting to get excited about literature : Walter Scott, Jules Verne or Macaulay. He

even founded a little magazine : The Stonyhurst Figaro. However, Jesuit

education hardly suited him and when he left school in 1875, he completely rejected Christianity, preferring to be agnostic. Nevertheless, he spent an

additional year at a Jesuit college in Feldkirch, Austria, to improve his German. In 1876, he began his medical studies at the Faculty of Edinburgh.

There he met two men who influence the choice of his future novel hero: Professor Rutherford, whose Assyrian beard, booming voice and broad chest, inspire him Professor George Edward Challenger and Dr. Joseph Bell, Professor

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of Surgery, whose amazing deductions on his patients and their diseases did germinate the idea of a detective using the same methods.

Alongside his studies, Arthur tries to win some money to help her family. He worked as medical assistant in Sheffield, Birmingham and Shropshire and doctor aboard a whaling in Greenland. In 1879, two of his short stories are published anonymously (The Mystery of Sasassa Valley and The American's Tale).

22 october 1881, he graduated and enlisted as a doctor aboard a steamer to Western Africa. The voyage which proves unpleasant because of a storm and a fire on board, Conan Doyle became seriously ill (probably malaria) in Lagos. He decides to exercise his talents more peacefully. After a brief partnership in 1882, with a crooked colleague, he opened a practice of ophthalmology in Southsea, near Portsmouth. His clientele leaves him plenty of time to read, write and try to publish other short stories but without success.

In 1887, he wrote his first Sherlock Holmes adventure, A Study in Scarlet.

The manuscript was rejected by several publishers before Ward, Lock & Co. bought it for the paltry sum of £25. They published it in their Beeton's Christmas Annual in november 1887 and was completely unnoticed. But the young author, disciple of Walter Scott, is already working on historical novels (the kind he

considered the only worthy of his vocation) like Micah Clarke (published in

1889). Having some success, he devours the chroniclers of the Middle Ages as Froissart and Philippe Commynes. As a result, he wrote The White Company

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(published in 1891). With this latest novel, which is a somewhat idealized

description of English chivalry, Conan Doyle was proud to give England a second

Ivanhoe.

Also in 1916, Conan Doyle intervened to obtain the grace of Sir Roger Casement, a leader of the Irish insurgents who joined the germans. Despite all his efforts the writer can not save him. Accused of treason, Sir Roger Casement is executed. In october 1916, Conan Doyle announced in the journal Light his conversion to spiritualism. During the last years of his life, he became the

"crusader" of this movement that preaches salvation of humanity through science. Thus, from 1920 to 1923, he gave a series of lectures about spiritualism in

Australia, in USA and in Canada. He published his autobiography, Memories and Adventures in 1924 and opened a spiritualism bookstore, The Psychic Bookshop in London, where he handled the editing of his own works. In particular he published The History of Spiritualism in two volumes and The Land of Mist , the latest adventure of Professor Challenger on a spiritualism theme.

He spends more time on conferences: in Paris, the International

Spiritualist Congress in 1925, in London, the Congress he chaired in 1928, and

then in South Africa, Rhodesia, Kenya, Holland, and the Scandinavian countries. After these trips, in 1929, exhausted, he suffered a heart attack. Nevertheless, against the advice of his doctors, he insisted on speaking at a ceremony

commemorating the Armistice, then spent weeks in bed. He is recovering slowly but on 7 july 1930 at dawn, he died from a final heart attack.

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SYNOPSIS

Scandal in Bohemia

The King of Bohemia asks Sherlock Holmes to retrieve an incriminating photo where he appears with his former mistress, Irene Adler. The release of the photo could irreparably ruin the King's marriage. Holmes (disguised as a groom) spies and tracks Irene, and finds himself as the best man of the marriage between Miss Irene Adler and Mr. Godfrey Norton. The same evening, Holmes (disguised as a clergyman) feigns to be wounded in a street battle in front of Briony Lodge and succeeds to enter in Irene's house. With the complicity of Watson and a smart stratagem of false fire alarm, he makes Irene Adler betray herself. Because of the smoke, she rushed to a secret panel which was hiding the photograph. Holmes can't take the photo because the coachman was in the same room, so he decides to come back the next day with the King. Unfortunately, when they came back to Briony Lodge on the next morning, they learn that Irene, who understood the stratagem of Sherlock Holmes, has left the country a few hours before with her husband. However, she addressed a letter to the detective, explaining that she will use the photo only for defensive purpose. She attached a photo of herself for the King as a souvenir. Holmes refused the royal reward from the King but asked him a more valuable present: the photo of Irene Adler.

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The Five Orange Pips

A young man, John Openshaw asked Sherlock Holmes for help. He told the story of his uncle which after participating to the Civil War in the Confederates army went to settle in England. One day, he received a letter with five orange pips and only signature the initials K.K.K.. He died soon after. A few times later, John's father died all the same after a similar letter. Two years has passed since, and now John received the dreadful letter with instructions to deliver some documents. Holmes advise him to obey. Unfortunately, John is killed on his way home. Sherlock Holmes promised to avenge his later client. He succeed to identify the Ku Klux Klan members but too late, they all fled by sea. He later learnt that the criminals perished on sea with the boat.

The Man with the Twisted Lip

Upon her request, Watson went to find Mrs Whitney's husband in an opium den. There, he stumbled upon a dressed up Holmes, looking for a man called Neville Saint-Clair, who'd been missing for a few days. After sending Mr. Whitney back at his home, Holmes and Watson went to the Saint-Clairs' house to question Neville's wife – as she also happened to be one of Holmes’ clients. She told the two men that a few days before, as she was walking on Upper Swandam Lane, she saw her husband waving at a window of the second floor of the Bar of Gold, an opium den. As nobody would allow the poor lady to reach the second floor, she decided to call the police. The policemen searched the room, but the only person in there was a disfigured beggar named Hugh Boone. The police also found a few

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blood marks near another window overlooking the Thames, and a moment later, fished Saint-Clair's jacket, heavy with coins, out of the river. Holmes reckoned Neville was dead, but Mrs. Saint-Clair received a pretty reassuring letter from her husband himself. After a night of deep reflection, Holmes went to Bow Street Police Department to pay Hugh Boone a visit. He cleaned the man's face, and discovered that Saint-Clair and Boone were actually one and the same. For several years, the poor lad had been earning more money as a beggar than as an clerk. And, when his wife had seen him, he hadn't been able to tell her about his real source of income.

The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle

While going home, Peterson, the commissionaire, is witnessing a fight between a man and thugs. In the fight, the man looses his hat and a goose. At the sight of the uniform of Peterson, everyone flee, leaving the hat and goose on the floor.

Holmes advises him to eat the goose and give him the hat, from which he deduces that he belongs to a Mr. Henry Baker. While cooking the goose, Peterson's wife discovers a priceless gem in the crop of the bird. The very stone stolen from the Countess of Morcar a few days ago at the Cosmopolitan Hotel. John Horner, a plumber who was working at the hotel, was accused of the theft and arrested on the testimony of James Ryder, the chief of staff. Holmes publishes an ad in the newspapers to find Mr. Henry Baker. He successes to trace back the history of the goose until the provider and finds James Ryder, the real thief of the stone. He lets Ryder leave the country but Horner could be released because the lack of

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evidence. The carbuncle is returned to the Countess and Peterson receives a reward of £1,000.

The Adventure of the Speckled Band

Helen Stoner, a terrified young lady, comes and asks Holmes for help. A short time before the planned marriage of her sister Julia, the latter died without identifiable cause after uttering these mysterious last words: "The Speckled Band." Some days before her demise, she had complained about being disturbed, during the nights, by a strange hissing. Now, it is Helen's turn to get married and her step-father Doctor Roylott, an unsociable and violent man, has forced her to move into Julia's bedroom under false pretences. Holmes, worried, decides to go with Watson to Stock Moran the very same day. During the travel, he explains to his friend that, in accordance to his wife's will, Roylott can dispose of his

stepdaughters' income, until they get married. While looking over Julia's bedroom, Holmes notices that its ventilator opens onto Roylott's bedroom and that the bell rope is a dummy. So, he lies in ambush with Watson in the garden pavilion. When Roylott has retired to his room, Helen warns our heroes by means of a light signal and leaves Julia's bedroom, where they take up position. After a long and

agonizing wait, they hear something hissing: a snake. Holmes strikes it with a rod and the angry reptile returns to his owner and bites him. Roylott, who refused to lose his stepdaughters' income because of their marriage, had trained the snake to slip, through the ventilator and along the bell rope, to the bed of its victims and to

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come back when he whistled for it. But Roylott's living weapon turned against the villain and killed him!

The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet

The banker Alexander Holder goes to Baker Street to tell Holmes his story: he lent £50,000 to a client who gave him as collateral the famous beryl coronet. He carried it in Streatham, where he lives with his son, Arthur, and his niece, Mary. Arthur, under the influence of Sir George Burnwell asked in vain his father a large sum of money to pay off some gambling debts. Woke up in the middle of the night by strange noises, Mr. Holder finds his son in his desk, holding the coronet which is twisted and three beryl are missing. Arthur is arrested immediately. Holmes inspects the Holder's house and deduces that the coronet has been twisted out of the house. Holmes asks £4,000 to Mr. Holder and successes to find the three missing stones. According to footprints in the garden, Holmes deduces that Mary met Sir George Burnwell and she gave him the coronet while Arthur has surprised them and tried to get the coronet back by pulling it from the hands of Sir George. To avoid trouble for Mary, Arthur accepted to be accused of stealing. Holmes had found the three stones in a pawnbroker and bought them £3,000 plus £1,000 as a reward.

The Adventure of the Copper Beeches

Miss Violet Hunter seeks advice from Holmes about his commitment as

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Rucastle, offered her very high wages but ask strange requirements: having her hair cut and wearing a specific dress. She refused at first but Mr. Rucastle offered even more money. Holmes promises to help if the need arises and Violet accepts the job. A few days later, Holmes receives a telegram from Miss Hunter who asks him to come quickly to Winchester. She says the Rucastle's elder daughter, Alice, is said to have travelled to Philadelphia because of a dislike of her stepmother, Mrs. Rucastle. Violet cut her hair and was invited to sit, wearing an electric blue dress in front of a window. When she saw a man watching from afar through the window, the order was given to her to make him a sign to leave out. On another day, she realized with horror that a person was kidnapped in a secret room. Holmes concluded that Violet is used to play the role of Alice Rucastle and the man who observe from outside is Alice's fiancé, Mr. Fowler. Holmes, Watson enter the house, taking advantage of the absence of Mr. Rucastle and find the secret room empty. But Mr. Rucastle arrives and launch his hungry dog at their heels. Unfortunately, the dog turns against him and seriously injured his master. Watson kills the dog in time to prevent the death of Rucastle. They then learn that Mr. Fowler had just liberate Alice from her parents. The latter locked up her to have Fowler believe she was gone and for he stops to

The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb

Victor Hatherley meets Watson to heal his cut thumb. Watson treat the wounded part and lead Hatherley to Baker Street because the circumstances of the accident are curious. Hired by Colonel Lysander Stark to repair his hydraulic press at

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Eyford, Hatherley went there in the utmost discretion. There he has been urged to be cautious by a woman, Elise, and he realized that the press was not intended to be used for honest purposes. Thanks to Elise, Victor Hatherley narrowly escaped death, but his thumb was cut by Stark who pursued him. Holmes goes to the Eyford house but he discovers it burning and its occupants, counterfeiters, on the run.

The Adventure of the Noble Bachelo

Lord Robert St Simon visits Sherlock Holmes because his fiancée, Miss Hatty Doran, disappeared on the day of her wedding. After the Lord's narrative, Holmes thinks he has already solved the case. He goes out for a few hours and then ask Lord St Simon to come at Baker Street. He also invited Miss Doran that he found. She is accompanied by Francis Hay Moulton, an American. When they are all gathered, Miss Doran explains what happened. She was married in the USA, but Francis, her husband, had been attacked by Apaches and it was reported that there was no survivors. A few months later she met Lord St Simon and the new

marriage was planned in London. But the day of the ceremony, Francis

reappeared and she decided to go with him and hid in London. Sherlock Holmes had deduced the presence of a former husband, American, and the place where she was hiding thanks to a note found by Lestrade. Lord St Simon leaves Baker Street upset and bachelor again.