AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIES USED IN TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN INDONESIA INTO ENGLISH FOUND IN INDONESIAN LEGENDS
AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIES USED IN
TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN INDONESIA
INTO ENGLISH FOUND IN INDONESIAN LEGENDS
THESIS
By:
DONNY BHASKARA WICAKSONO
201210100311006
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2016
AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIES USED IN
TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN INDONESIA
INTO ENGLISH FOUND IN INDONESIAN LEGENDS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education.
By:
DONNY BHASKARA WICAKSONO
201210100311006
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2016
MOTTOS
“It always seems impossible until its done”
-Nelson Mandela-
“Do you want to know who you are? Don't ask. Act! Action will delineate and
define you”
-Thomas Jefferson-
DEDICATIONS
This thesis is wholeheartedly dedicated to:
My exceptionally loved mom, Raudah
My outstandingly gallant dad, Adi Sasono
My calmly coolest elder brothers, Bagus Satriawan
My attractive younger brothers M. Rommy Fridho Arsono
My fully pretiest sister, Nadilla Fatimah Adistizahra
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, first I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah
SWT, the God Almighty, the Most Merciful, for the blessing and ease given to me
in accomplishing this thesis. In its final accomplishment, I am totally aware that
this thesis is completely distant from the criteria of perfection. Therefore, I would
be openly and kindly enthusiastic to welcome any constructive and supportive
comments, feedbacks, and suggestions in search of acquiring the significant
betterment.
Obviously, I would like to express my thanks and deep appreciation to my
first advisor, Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si. and my second advisor, Nurakhfini
Septiany, M.A., M.Ed. for their continual guidances, supports, suggestions, and
patience in accomplishing this thesis. Moreover, my great gratitude goes to my
thesis examiners, Ma’am Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M. and Ma’am Rahmawati
Khadijah Maro, S.Pd., M.PEd. for their beneficial suggestions and feedbacks so
that I am allowed to make betterment in my undergraduate thesis.
Then, I would like to express my appreciation to my parents, both my
Mom Raudah and my Father Adi Sasono, who always pray and support me in
happiness and sadness. Besides, my excessive appreciation also goes to my
brothers, Bagus Satriawan and Muhammad Rommy Fridho Arsono and also my
sister, Nadilla Fatimah Adistizahra, for their everlasting support as well as the
attention that they addressed to me.
Henceforward, I would like to express the countless gratitude to Mister
Riski Lestiono, M.A. who used to be enthusiastically welcome to help in
viii
accomplishing my whole thesis as well as willingly to be my expert. The next
appreciation is addressed to my advisor-like friend, Dwicky Fandi Setyabudi,
S.Pd. who always vigorously, kindly, and routinely helping me and advising me
during the process of writing this thesis.
Furthermore, for my beloved friends: Dewi Khoirun Nisa Hartono, Tedy
Bahtiar Kurniawan, Adi Rahmat Wijaya, Fathon Ali Bamu’alim, Diah Wahyuni
Kartikasari, Rasus Sayyaf Basarang, Siswahyudi, Viona Kartikawati, Muthii’ah
Nuurhamid, Muhammad Dimas Arif Rahman, Sainul Abidin, Muhammad Andri,
Vivinda Aldorra, Erik Haris, Paksi Satria, Lukman Rabbani, Muhammad Gana,
Naflih Ramlan, Dhiya Tsabitah, and all members of English Department A 2012
class, I would like to say ‘thanks a lot’ for allowing me to be the part of your daily
life and for your willingness to share everything and to be my family during living
in Malang.
Malang, August 3, 2016
Donny Bhaskara Wicaksono
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................... iii
MOTTOS AND DEDICATIONS .........................................................................v
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY .................................................. vi
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................x
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... xii
LIST OF THE TABLES .................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study .......................................................................1
1.2
Statements of the Problem.....................................................................4
1.3
Purposes of the Study ............................................................................5
1.4
Significances of the Study .....................................................................5
1.5
Scope and Limitation ............................................................................6
1.6
Definition of the Key Terms .................................................................6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
Translation .............................................................................................8
2.1.1
The Nature of Translation ..........................................................8
2.1.2
Translation Strategies ...............................................................10
2.1.3
Concept of Translation .............................................................11
2.2
Equivalency .........................................................................................13
2.3
Idioms ..................................................................................................14
2.3.1 The Difficulties in Translating Idioms ........................................15
2.3.2 The Strategies in Translating Idioms ..........................................16
2.3.2.1 Similar Meaning and Form ..................................................16
2.3.2.2 Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form .................................17
2.3.2.3 Paraphrase ............................................................................17
x
2.3.2.4 Omission................................................................................18
2.3.2.5 Compensation ........................................................................19
2.4
Indonesian Legend ..............................................................................19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Design ..................................................................................21
3.2
Research Objects .................................................................................22
3.3
Research Instruments ..........................................................................22
3.3.1 Documents .................................................................................22
3.3.2 Expert Opinion...........................................................................23
3.4
Data Collection ....................................................................................23
3.5
Data Analysis ......................................................................................24
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Research Findings ...............................................................................27
4.1.1 Idiomatic Expressions Found in Indonesian Legends ...............27
4.1.2 The Meaning of Idiomatic Expressions Found in Indonesian
Legends ......................................................................................33
4.1.3 Strategies Used by the Translator for Translating the Idiomatic
Expressions Found in Indonesian Legends ................................38
4.1.2.1 Translation by Similar Meaning and Similar Form .....39
4.1.2.2 Translation by Paraphrasing ........................................39
4.1.1.3 Translation by Omission ..............................................43
4.2
Discussion ............................................................................................46
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion ...........................................................................................49
5. 2 Suggestions ..........................................................................................50
5.2.1 Suggestion for Lecturers ............................................................50
5.2.2 Suggestion for Students..............................................................50
5.2.3 Suggestion for Further Researchers ...........................................51
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................52
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................54
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Source Text of Batu Menangis Legend (Bahasa Indonesia) ..............55
Appendix 2 Target Text of Batu Menangis Legend (English) ...............................59
Appendix 3 Source Text of Batu Kuwung Legend (Bahasa Indonesia).................63
Appendix 4 Target Text of Batu Kuwung Legend (English) .................................68
Appendix 5 Source Text of Tangkuban Perahu Legend (Bahasa Indonesia) ........72
Appendix 6 Target Text of Tangkuban Perahu Legend (English) ........................78
Appendix 7 Source Text of Candi Prambanan Legend (Bahasa Indonesia) .........83
Appendix 8 Target Text of Candi Prambanan Legend (English) .........................87
Appendix 9 Source Text of Gunung Merapi Legend (Bahasa Indonesia) .............91
Appendix 10 Target Text of Gunung Merapi Legend (English) ...........................95
Appendix 11 Complete Data of the Idiomatic Expressions and Their Meaning ...98
Appendix 12 Complete Data of the Strategies in Translating Idiomatic
Expressions .....................................................................................101
Appendix 13 Expert Validation..........................................................................104
xii
LIST OF THE TABLES
Table 3.1 Idiomatic Expressions Found in Indonesian Legends........................... 25
Table 3.2 The Meaning of Idiomatic Expressions Found in Indonesian Legends .25
Table 3.3 The Strategy of Translating Idiomatic Expression Found in Indonesian
Legends ..................................................................................................................25
Table. 4.1.1 Idiomatic Expressions found in all Indonesian legends .....................28
Table. 4.1.2 The meaning of Idiomatic Expressions found in all Indonesian
Legends
.............................................................................................................33
Table. 4.1.3.1 Idiomatic expression translation strategy by using Similar Meaning
and Similar Form found in Indonesian legend .......................................................39
Table. 4.1.3.2 Idiomatic expression translation strategy by using Paraphrasing
found in Indonesian legends...................................................................................40
Table. 4.1.3.3 Idiomatic expression translation strategy by using Omission found
in Indonesian legends .............................................................................................44
xiii
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald et. al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed.).
Belmont: Wadsworth.
Baker, Mona. 2011. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. Second
Edition. Abingdon: Routledge
Bermann, Sandra & Porter, Catherine. 2014. A Companion to Translation Studies
(Edited Version). Malden & Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
Creswell, John W. 2009. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods approaches. United States of America: SAGE Publication, Inc.
Clinton E. Lambert & Vickie A. Lambert. 2012. Qualitative Descriptive Research:
An Acceptable Design. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res (online) • October –
December
2012
(available
at:
https://www.tcithaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/download/5805/5064, accessed on
February 2016)
Danandaja. 2012. Pengertian, Ciri dan Macam Legenda. (available at
http://www.ssbelajar.net/2013/09/pengertian-ciri-dan-macamlegenda.html, accessed on March 2016)
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative
research. The Qualitative Report, 8(4), 597-606. Retrieved [July 2016],
from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani.pdf
Hatim, Basil & Munday, Jeremy. 2004. Translation: An Advanced Resource
Book. London & New York: Routledge.
Lim, Tan Cheng. 2004. Advanced English Idioms for Effective Communication.
Penerbit Erlangga: Jakarta
Makkai, Boatner, and Gates. 1995. A Dictionary of American Idioms. Third
Edition. New York: Barron's Educational Series, inc.
Munday, Jeremy. 2008. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and
Application [2nd Edition]. London & New York: Routledge.
Mustonen, Sanna. 2010. TRANSLATING IDIOMS: A case study on Donna Tartt's
The Secret History and its Finnish translation.
Retnomurti, Ayu Bandu. 2010. The Equivalence and Shift in the English
Translation of Indonesian Noun Phrases. Unpublished Thesis. Depok: The
Post-Graduate Programme of Gunadarma University.
Simatupang, Maurits D.S. 2000. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Universitas
Indonesia: Jakarta
52
Snell-Hornby, Mary. 2006. The Turns of Translation Studies. Amsterdam &
Philadelphia: Benjamins.
Wang, Lanchun & Wang, Shuo. 2013. A Study of Idiom Translation Strategies
between English and Chinese. Theory and Practice in Language Studies (online),
Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 1691-1697, September 2013, (available at:
http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol03/09/27.pdf,
accessed on January 2016).
Wati, Chaliya Dia. 2014. The Strategies of Translating Idioms in Recount Text
from English into Indonesian Used by English Department Students of
University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: The
Undergraduate Programme of University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
53
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents several topics related to the background of the study,
statements of the problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope
and limitation, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is the most important aspect in the life of all human beings. We
use language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thought, to fulfill our wants and needs, as well as to establish rules and
maintain our culture. Besides, people also use language to have relationship in the
society. Without language, people cannot interact and communicate with each
other. Based on Chomsky (as cited in Wati, 2014), “Language is a point of view
of the human mind that is significantly represented in the brain and part of the
biological contribution of the species, so as he says that language is a natural
thing” (p.1). In other words, by using language, people will freely get involved in
the social interaction and complete their nature as the social creatures. In addition
to that, in this globalization era, mastering at least one out of some foreign
languages is considered as a need to keep our existance amongst hundreds of
millions of people. In this case, English is the following exemplification.
English is an international language, spoken in many countries both as a
native and as a second or foreign language. It is taught in the schools in almost
every country on this earth. It is a living and vibrant language spoken by over 300
1
million people as their native language. Millions more people speak it as an
additional language. Even though English has become an international language, a
lot of problems appeared, for example, misunderstanding and misinterpreting.
Moreover, there are still many countries using English as a foreign language,
which means plenty of people around the world still do not understand English.
As a result, translation is very indispensable process in converting information
among different languages. Thus, it can make language available to people who
do not understand English.
In this global era, due to the growth of science, information, technology,
and other people needs, translation becomes necessary in rendering information
between languages. However, the process of translating is not as simple as
switching the meaning of word for word based on the literal context. The result of
a translation should serve the information in the target language without change
the meaning in the source language. It involves grammatical understanding,
linguistic comprehension, and a good sense of semantic analysis in order to get a
proper translation. Moreover, there are some cases which often put translators into
difficult situations, such as translators will find some words which actually do not
represent its literal meaning which is known as idiom.
As translation becomes enormously important in global level, it is a
subject values a closer study. Apparently, there is a wide range of topics that can
be investigated in terms of translational aspects. This research happens to be one
that focuses on strategy of idiom translations. Idioms are one of the most
problematical components of language. Idioms cannot be abruptly translated
2
because of their unpredictable meaning and grammar. Wang (2013, p.1) says that
“Idiom is a language in the formation of the unique and fixed expressions in the
using process”. Furthermore, the special terms in idioms may be culture-bound
and this potentially initiates the more complicated problem to the translator.
Idioms may have both literal and figurative meaning. Several idioms can be
translated literally, but then the meaning changes. Idiomatic meaning is more
commonly used. In translating idioms, translator encounters various difficulties
that cannot be simply overcome. The key problem is the lack of accuracy in the
idiom level. It will be perfect if a translator can find an idiom in the target
language which has the same form and meaning as the source language. However,
although every language in the world has its idiomatic expressions, it is still
complicated to find the precise equivalent.
In order to transfer an idiom from source language into the target
language, a translator must select the most appropriate strategy. The translator
needs to understand the function of idioms in the source and the target languages,
also must know the characteristics of idiom in both languages. In the previous
research, Wati (2014) investigated the strategies of translating idioms in recount
text from English into Indonesian used by English Department Students of
University of Muhammadiyah Malang. She found that out of the other 5
strategies, the most common strategy in translating idiom was translating by
paraphrasing. It was further investigated that the choice of translating by
paraphrasing is mostly chosen because it is flexible than any other strategies and
3
might be that the translators cannot find the appropriate idiomatic language in
target language.
In this study, the researcher wants to reveal the idiomatic expression and
any kinds of strategies that are used in Indonesian Legends which are translated
from Indonesia into English. The researcher chooses Indonesian legends because
there are many unique and uncommon languages which are used to express the
stories. It will be very interesting if we can find the idiomatic expression of those
words. Furthermore, the researcher also chooses Indonesian Legends as the object
of the study to show the readers that Indonesian Legends can be used as an object
in the translation field as well.
Furthermore, in order to deal with the problems that appear in the process,
the translators use various strategies. In this research, the researcher refers to the
specific strategies of translating idioms based on Baker (1992). The strategies
cover various aspects of process in translating idioms. Thus, the researcher refers
to the strategies for translating idioms suggested by Baker to find out the
strategies that are used in Indonesian Legends and its English translation and also
the tendency of the strategy in translating idioms that the translator used.
1.2 Statements of the Problem
Based on the reasons above, the writer formulates the research problems as
follows:
1. What are the idiomatic expressions found in Indonesian Legends?
4
2. What are the meaning of the idiomatic expressions found in Indonesian
Legends?
3. What are the strategies used in translating idioms in Indonesia into English
found in Indonesian Legends?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study will be explained as follows:
1.
To discover the idiomatic expressions which are found in Indonesian
Legends.
2.
To know the meaning of the idiomatic expressions found in Indonesian
Legends.
3.
To investigate the various strategies which are used in translating idioms
in Indonesia into English found in Indonesian Legends
1.4 Significance of the Study
The result of the study is expected to give more benefit and contribution for
the lecturers, students, and next researchers. For the lecturers, this research may
help them to gain more insights in teaching translation studies, especially in
idioms. For the students, the result of this study is expected to give the knowledge
about kinds of strategies in translating idioms and the dominant strategy which
translator prefers when translating idioms. Furthermore, this research is also
expected to give beneficial consideration for the next researchers who want to
conduct the research under this topic.
5
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of the study focuses on investigating the idiomatic expression
and any kinds of strategies in translating idioms and identifying the most
dominant strategy behind the translating process. Meanwhile, the limitation is on
the five chosen Indonesian legends which are translated into English, namely;
Tangkuban Perahu, Gunung Merapi, Batu Menangis, Candi Prambanan, and
Batu Kuwung.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
The definitions of key terms are used to avoid misunderstanding between
the researcher and the readers. They are as follows:
a. Strategy is concerned with how you will achieve your aims, not with what
those aims are or ought to be, or how they are established.
b. Translation strategy is a procedure for solving a problem encountered in
translating a text or a segment of it.
c. Idioms are frozen patterns of language which allow little or no variation in form
and, in the case of idiom, often carry meanings which cannot be deduced from
their individual component.
d. Idiomatic Expression is a kind of expressions which sounds idiomatic in which
its meaning contains figurativeness and it has restriction in its form.
6
e. Legend is a very old story or set of stories from ancient times, or the stories, not
always true, that people tell about a famous event or person
f. Indonesian legends are the origin story of some legendary places or figures who
is believed hereditary by certain tribes in a wide range of regions in Indonesia.
7
TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN INDONESIA
INTO ENGLISH FOUND IN INDONESIAN LEGENDS
THESIS
By:
DONNY BHASKARA WICAKSONO
201210100311006
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2016
AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIES USED IN
TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN INDONESIA
INTO ENGLISH FOUND IN INDONESIAN LEGENDS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education.
By:
DONNY BHASKARA WICAKSONO
201210100311006
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2016
MOTTOS
“It always seems impossible until its done”
-Nelson Mandela-
“Do you want to know who you are? Don't ask. Act! Action will delineate and
define you”
-Thomas Jefferson-
DEDICATIONS
This thesis is wholeheartedly dedicated to:
My exceptionally loved mom, Raudah
My outstandingly gallant dad, Adi Sasono
My calmly coolest elder brothers, Bagus Satriawan
My attractive younger brothers M. Rommy Fridho Arsono
My fully pretiest sister, Nadilla Fatimah Adistizahra
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, first I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah
SWT, the God Almighty, the Most Merciful, for the blessing and ease given to me
in accomplishing this thesis. In its final accomplishment, I am totally aware that
this thesis is completely distant from the criteria of perfection. Therefore, I would
be openly and kindly enthusiastic to welcome any constructive and supportive
comments, feedbacks, and suggestions in search of acquiring the significant
betterment.
Obviously, I would like to express my thanks and deep appreciation to my
first advisor, Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si. and my second advisor, Nurakhfini
Septiany, M.A., M.Ed. for their continual guidances, supports, suggestions, and
patience in accomplishing this thesis. Moreover, my great gratitude goes to my
thesis examiners, Ma’am Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M. and Ma’am Rahmawati
Khadijah Maro, S.Pd., M.PEd. for their beneficial suggestions and feedbacks so
that I am allowed to make betterment in my undergraduate thesis.
Then, I would like to express my appreciation to my parents, both my
Mom Raudah and my Father Adi Sasono, who always pray and support me in
happiness and sadness. Besides, my excessive appreciation also goes to my
brothers, Bagus Satriawan and Muhammad Rommy Fridho Arsono and also my
sister, Nadilla Fatimah Adistizahra, for their everlasting support as well as the
attention that they addressed to me.
Henceforward, I would like to express the countless gratitude to Mister
Riski Lestiono, M.A. who used to be enthusiastically welcome to help in
viii
accomplishing my whole thesis as well as willingly to be my expert. The next
appreciation is addressed to my advisor-like friend, Dwicky Fandi Setyabudi,
S.Pd. who always vigorously, kindly, and routinely helping me and advising me
during the process of writing this thesis.
Furthermore, for my beloved friends: Dewi Khoirun Nisa Hartono, Tedy
Bahtiar Kurniawan, Adi Rahmat Wijaya, Fathon Ali Bamu’alim, Diah Wahyuni
Kartikasari, Rasus Sayyaf Basarang, Siswahyudi, Viona Kartikawati, Muthii’ah
Nuurhamid, Muhammad Dimas Arif Rahman, Sainul Abidin, Muhammad Andri,
Vivinda Aldorra, Erik Haris, Paksi Satria, Lukman Rabbani, Muhammad Gana,
Naflih Ramlan, Dhiya Tsabitah, and all members of English Department A 2012
class, I would like to say ‘thanks a lot’ for allowing me to be the part of your daily
life and for your willingness to share everything and to be my family during living
in Malang.
Malang, August 3, 2016
Donny Bhaskara Wicaksono
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................... iii
MOTTOS AND DEDICATIONS .........................................................................v
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY .................................................. vi
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................x
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... xii
LIST OF THE TABLES .................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study .......................................................................1
1.2
Statements of the Problem.....................................................................4
1.3
Purposes of the Study ............................................................................5
1.4
Significances of the Study .....................................................................5
1.5
Scope and Limitation ............................................................................6
1.6
Definition of the Key Terms .................................................................6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
Translation .............................................................................................8
2.1.1
The Nature of Translation ..........................................................8
2.1.2
Translation Strategies ...............................................................10
2.1.3
Concept of Translation .............................................................11
2.2
Equivalency .........................................................................................13
2.3
Idioms ..................................................................................................14
2.3.1 The Difficulties in Translating Idioms ........................................15
2.3.2 The Strategies in Translating Idioms ..........................................16
2.3.2.1 Similar Meaning and Form ..................................................16
2.3.2.2 Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form .................................17
2.3.2.3 Paraphrase ............................................................................17
x
2.3.2.4 Omission................................................................................18
2.3.2.5 Compensation ........................................................................19
2.4
Indonesian Legend ..............................................................................19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Design ..................................................................................21
3.2
Research Objects .................................................................................22
3.3
Research Instruments ..........................................................................22
3.3.1 Documents .................................................................................22
3.3.2 Expert Opinion...........................................................................23
3.4
Data Collection ....................................................................................23
3.5
Data Analysis ......................................................................................24
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Research Findings ...............................................................................27
4.1.1 Idiomatic Expressions Found in Indonesian Legends ...............27
4.1.2 The Meaning of Idiomatic Expressions Found in Indonesian
Legends ......................................................................................33
4.1.3 Strategies Used by the Translator for Translating the Idiomatic
Expressions Found in Indonesian Legends ................................38
4.1.2.1 Translation by Similar Meaning and Similar Form .....39
4.1.2.2 Translation by Paraphrasing ........................................39
4.1.1.3 Translation by Omission ..............................................43
4.2
Discussion ............................................................................................46
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion ...........................................................................................49
5. 2 Suggestions ..........................................................................................50
5.2.1 Suggestion for Lecturers ............................................................50
5.2.2 Suggestion for Students..............................................................50
5.2.3 Suggestion for Further Researchers ...........................................51
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................52
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................54
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Source Text of Batu Menangis Legend (Bahasa Indonesia) ..............55
Appendix 2 Target Text of Batu Menangis Legend (English) ...............................59
Appendix 3 Source Text of Batu Kuwung Legend (Bahasa Indonesia).................63
Appendix 4 Target Text of Batu Kuwung Legend (English) .................................68
Appendix 5 Source Text of Tangkuban Perahu Legend (Bahasa Indonesia) ........72
Appendix 6 Target Text of Tangkuban Perahu Legend (English) ........................78
Appendix 7 Source Text of Candi Prambanan Legend (Bahasa Indonesia) .........83
Appendix 8 Target Text of Candi Prambanan Legend (English) .........................87
Appendix 9 Source Text of Gunung Merapi Legend (Bahasa Indonesia) .............91
Appendix 10 Target Text of Gunung Merapi Legend (English) ...........................95
Appendix 11 Complete Data of the Idiomatic Expressions and Their Meaning ...98
Appendix 12 Complete Data of the Strategies in Translating Idiomatic
Expressions .....................................................................................101
Appendix 13 Expert Validation..........................................................................104
xii
LIST OF THE TABLES
Table 3.1 Idiomatic Expressions Found in Indonesian Legends........................... 25
Table 3.2 The Meaning of Idiomatic Expressions Found in Indonesian Legends .25
Table 3.3 The Strategy of Translating Idiomatic Expression Found in Indonesian
Legends ..................................................................................................................25
Table. 4.1.1 Idiomatic Expressions found in all Indonesian legends .....................28
Table. 4.1.2 The meaning of Idiomatic Expressions found in all Indonesian
Legends
.............................................................................................................33
Table. 4.1.3.1 Idiomatic expression translation strategy by using Similar Meaning
and Similar Form found in Indonesian legend .......................................................39
Table. 4.1.3.2 Idiomatic expression translation strategy by using Paraphrasing
found in Indonesian legends...................................................................................40
Table. 4.1.3.3 Idiomatic expression translation strategy by using Omission found
in Indonesian legends .............................................................................................44
xiii
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald et. al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed.).
Belmont: Wadsworth.
Baker, Mona. 2011. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. Second
Edition. Abingdon: Routledge
Bermann, Sandra & Porter, Catherine. 2014. A Companion to Translation Studies
(Edited Version). Malden & Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
Creswell, John W. 2009. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods approaches. United States of America: SAGE Publication, Inc.
Clinton E. Lambert & Vickie A. Lambert. 2012. Qualitative Descriptive Research:
An Acceptable Design. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res (online) • October –
December
2012
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http://www.ssbelajar.net/2013/09/pengertian-ciri-dan-macamlegenda.html, accessed on March 2016)
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative
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from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani.pdf
Hatim, Basil & Munday, Jeremy. 2004. Translation: An Advanced Resource
Book. London & New York: Routledge.
Lim, Tan Cheng. 2004. Advanced English Idioms for Effective Communication.
Penerbit Erlangga: Jakarta
Makkai, Boatner, and Gates. 1995. A Dictionary of American Idioms. Third
Edition. New York: Barron's Educational Series, inc.
Munday, Jeremy. 2008. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and
Application [2nd Edition]. London & New York: Routledge.
Mustonen, Sanna. 2010. TRANSLATING IDIOMS: A case study on Donna Tartt's
The Secret History and its Finnish translation.
Retnomurti, Ayu Bandu. 2010. The Equivalence and Shift in the English
Translation of Indonesian Noun Phrases. Unpublished Thesis. Depok: The
Post-Graduate Programme of Gunadarma University.
Simatupang, Maurits D.S. 2000. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Universitas
Indonesia: Jakarta
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Snell-Hornby, Mary. 2006. The Turns of Translation Studies. Amsterdam &
Philadelphia: Benjamins.
Wang, Lanchun & Wang, Shuo. 2013. A Study of Idiom Translation Strategies
between English and Chinese. Theory and Practice in Language Studies (online),
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http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol03/09/27.pdf,
accessed on January 2016).
Wati, Chaliya Dia. 2014. The Strategies of Translating Idioms in Recount Text
from English into Indonesian Used by English Department Students of
University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: The
Undergraduate Programme of University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents several topics related to the background of the study,
statements of the problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope
and limitation, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is the most important aspect in the life of all human beings. We
use language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thought, to fulfill our wants and needs, as well as to establish rules and
maintain our culture. Besides, people also use language to have relationship in the
society. Without language, people cannot interact and communicate with each
other. Based on Chomsky (as cited in Wati, 2014), “Language is a point of view
of the human mind that is significantly represented in the brain and part of the
biological contribution of the species, so as he says that language is a natural
thing” (p.1). In other words, by using language, people will freely get involved in
the social interaction and complete their nature as the social creatures. In addition
to that, in this globalization era, mastering at least one out of some foreign
languages is considered as a need to keep our existance amongst hundreds of
millions of people. In this case, English is the following exemplification.
English is an international language, spoken in many countries both as a
native and as a second or foreign language. It is taught in the schools in almost
every country on this earth. It is a living and vibrant language spoken by over 300
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million people as their native language. Millions more people speak it as an
additional language. Even though English has become an international language, a
lot of problems appeared, for example, misunderstanding and misinterpreting.
Moreover, there are still many countries using English as a foreign language,
which means plenty of people around the world still do not understand English.
As a result, translation is very indispensable process in converting information
among different languages. Thus, it can make language available to people who
do not understand English.
In this global era, due to the growth of science, information, technology,
and other people needs, translation becomes necessary in rendering information
between languages. However, the process of translating is not as simple as
switching the meaning of word for word based on the literal context. The result of
a translation should serve the information in the target language without change
the meaning in the source language. It involves grammatical understanding,
linguistic comprehension, and a good sense of semantic analysis in order to get a
proper translation. Moreover, there are some cases which often put translators into
difficult situations, such as translators will find some words which actually do not
represent its literal meaning which is known as idiom.
As translation becomes enormously important in global level, it is a
subject values a closer study. Apparently, there is a wide range of topics that can
be investigated in terms of translational aspects. This research happens to be one
that focuses on strategy of idiom translations. Idioms are one of the most
problematical components of language. Idioms cannot be abruptly translated
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because of their unpredictable meaning and grammar. Wang (2013, p.1) says that
“Idiom is a language in the formation of the unique and fixed expressions in the
using process”. Furthermore, the special terms in idioms may be culture-bound
and this potentially initiates the more complicated problem to the translator.
Idioms may have both literal and figurative meaning. Several idioms can be
translated literally, but then the meaning changes. Idiomatic meaning is more
commonly used. In translating idioms, translator encounters various difficulties
that cannot be simply overcome. The key problem is the lack of accuracy in the
idiom level. It will be perfect if a translator can find an idiom in the target
language which has the same form and meaning as the source language. However,
although every language in the world has its idiomatic expressions, it is still
complicated to find the precise equivalent.
In order to transfer an idiom from source language into the target
language, a translator must select the most appropriate strategy. The translator
needs to understand the function of idioms in the source and the target languages,
also must know the characteristics of idiom in both languages. In the previous
research, Wati (2014) investigated the strategies of translating idioms in recount
text from English into Indonesian used by English Department Students of
University of Muhammadiyah Malang. She found that out of the other 5
strategies, the most common strategy in translating idiom was translating by
paraphrasing. It was further investigated that the choice of translating by
paraphrasing is mostly chosen because it is flexible than any other strategies and
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might be that the translators cannot find the appropriate idiomatic language in
target language.
In this study, the researcher wants to reveal the idiomatic expression and
any kinds of strategies that are used in Indonesian Legends which are translated
from Indonesia into English. The researcher chooses Indonesian legends because
there are many unique and uncommon languages which are used to express the
stories. It will be very interesting if we can find the idiomatic expression of those
words. Furthermore, the researcher also chooses Indonesian Legends as the object
of the study to show the readers that Indonesian Legends can be used as an object
in the translation field as well.
Furthermore, in order to deal with the problems that appear in the process,
the translators use various strategies. In this research, the researcher refers to the
specific strategies of translating idioms based on Baker (1992). The strategies
cover various aspects of process in translating idioms. Thus, the researcher refers
to the strategies for translating idioms suggested by Baker to find out the
strategies that are used in Indonesian Legends and its English translation and also
the tendency of the strategy in translating idioms that the translator used.
1.2 Statements of the Problem
Based on the reasons above, the writer formulates the research problems as
follows:
1. What are the idiomatic expressions found in Indonesian Legends?
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2. What are the meaning of the idiomatic expressions found in Indonesian
Legends?
3. What are the strategies used in translating idioms in Indonesia into English
found in Indonesian Legends?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study will be explained as follows:
1.
To discover the idiomatic expressions which are found in Indonesian
Legends.
2.
To know the meaning of the idiomatic expressions found in Indonesian
Legends.
3.
To investigate the various strategies which are used in translating idioms
in Indonesia into English found in Indonesian Legends
1.4 Significance of the Study
The result of the study is expected to give more benefit and contribution for
the lecturers, students, and next researchers. For the lecturers, this research may
help them to gain more insights in teaching translation studies, especially in
idioms. For the students, the result of this study is expected to give the knowledge
about kinds of strategies in translating idioms and the dominant strategy which
translator prefers when translating idioms. Furthermore, this research is also
expected to give beneficial consideration for the next researchers who want to
conduct the research under this topic.
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1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of the study focuses on investigating the idiomatic expression
and any kinds of strategies in translating idioms and identifying the most
dominant strategy behind the translating process. Meanwhile, the limitation is on
the five chosen Indonesian legends which are translated into English, namely;
Tangkuban Perahu, Gunung Merapi, Batu Menangis, Candi Prambanan, and
Batu Kuwung.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
The definitions of key terms are used to avoid misunderstanding between
the researcher and the readers. They are as follows:
a. Strategy is concerned with how you will achieve your aims, not with what
those aims are or ought to be, or how they are established.
b. Translation strategy is a procedure for solving a problem encountered in
translating a text or a segment of it.
c. Idioms are frozen patterns of language which allow little or no variation in form
and, in the case of idiom, often carry meanings which cannot be deduced from
their individual component.
d. Idiomatic Expression is a kind of expressions which sounds idiomatic in which
its meaning contains figurativeness and it has restriction in its form.
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e. Legend is a very old story or set of stories from ancient times, or the stories, not
always true, that people tell about a famous event or person
f. Indonesian legends are the origin story of some legendary places or figures who
is believed hereditary by certain tribes in a wide range of regions in Indonesia.
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