AN ANALYSIS ON HUNT STEVENSON’S MISUNDERSTANDING IN EDWIN BLUM AND LOWELL GANZ FILM “ GUNG HO”
AN ANALYSIS ON HUNT STEVENSON’S MISUNDERSTANDING IN
EDWIN BLUM AND LOWELL GANZ FILM “ GUNG HO”
THESIS
BY:
ANDY FIRMANSYAH
08360275
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
AN ANALYSIS ON HUNT STEVENSON’S MISUNDERSTANDING IN
EDWIN BLUM AND LOWELL GANZ FILM “ GUNG HO”
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in
English Education
BY:
ANDY FIRMANSYAH
08360275
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah SWT, the Merciful and Charitable. Because of His
guidance, blessing and affection, the researcher can finish this thesis. The researcher would
like to express her great appreciation for some people. The researcher would like to thank to:
1. Mrs. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M, as his fist advisor and Mr. Puji Sumarsono, M.Ed, his
second advisor, for their suggestions, invaluable guidance and advice during the
consultation period, and their comments and corrections during the completion of this
thesis.
2. All lecturers of English Department who have given knowledge during her study at
University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
3. His family, hir beloved father (Moh Syafi’i) and Mother (Sri Murni) for their spirit,
pray and affection for his. Also his sister (Ayu) and brother (Nova) whom he loves so
much.
4. All of her students who have given cheerful and spirit during her teaching.
5. Her best friends (Erthin Wahyuni, Tri Jiba, Salman, Decky, Bayyudh, Reza, Fika,
Shomad, Hamid, Sobirin, Ikshan,) and all of her friends that cannot be mentioned one
by one. Thanks for their support, motivation and friendship.
Malang, November 2013
Andy Firmansyah
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER …………………………………………………………………………………
i
APPROVAL…………………………………………………………………………....
ii
LEGALIZATION ……………………………………………………………………..
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION…………………………………………….................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………………
v
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………...
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT ………………………………………………………………
vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study ……………………………………………………..
1
1.2 Statement of Study ……………………………………………………….
5
1.3 Purpose of Study …………………………………………………………
5
1.4 Significance of Study …………………………………………………….
5
1.5 Scope and Limitation …………………………………………………….
6
1.6 Definition of Key Terms …………………………………………………
6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Literature …………………………………………………………………
8
2.1.1 Informative literature ………………………………………………
9
2.1.2 Imaginative literature ………………………………………………
9
2.2 Film ……………………………………………………………………..
9
2.3 Culture …………………………………………………………………..
10
2.4 The similarities and differences between film and drama …...................
11
2.4.1 The similarities between film and dram ………………………….
11
2.4.2 The differences between film and drama …………………………
11
2.5 The kinds of film ……………………………………………………….
12
2.6 The elements of film ……………………………………………………..
14
2.6.1 Character, Characteristic and Characterization …………………...
14
2.6.2 Plot ………………………………………………………………..
15
2.6.3 Setting ………………………………………………………………
17
2.6.4 Conflict …………………………………………………...................
17
2.7 Misunderstanding ……………………………………………………….
18
2.7.1 The definition of misunderstanding ……………………………….
18
2.7.2 The types of misunderstanding ……………………………………
18
2.7.2.1 Overt Misunderstanding (Misunderstanding 1 and 2) …….
19
2.7.2.2 Overt Misunderstanding (Misunderstanding 3, 4, and 5) …
19
2.7.2.3 Latent Misunderstanding (Misunderstanding 6 and 7) …....
20
2.7.3 The reason of misunderstanding …………………………………...
21
2.7.4 Solution of misunderstanding ……………………………………...
21
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design …………………………………………………………
23
.……………………………………………………………….
23
3.2.1 Mimetic Approach ……………………………. …………………..
24
3.2.2 Pragmatic Approach .………….…………………………………...
24
3.2.3 Expressive Approach ………………………………………………
24
3.2.4 Objective Approach ………………………………………………..
24
3.3 Object of The Study ……………………………………………………..
25
3.4 Data Collection …………………………………………………………..
25
3.5 Data Analysis …………………………………………………………….
26
3.2 Approach
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
1.1 Findings ………………………………………………………………….
27
……………………...
27
4.1.1.1 Morning Exercises …………………………………………
27.
4.1.1.2 Hunt’s Presentation ………………………………………..
29
4.1.1.3 Man business ………………………………………………
30
4.1.1 Misunderstanding faced by Hunt Stevenson
4.1.2 The causes of misunderstanding faced by Hunt Stevenson ……….
ii
32
4.1.2.1 Rules …………………………………………………….
32
4.1.2.2 Culture …………………………………………………..
34
4.1.2.3 Language ………………………………………………..
35
4.1.3 The way how Hunt Stevenson solved his problem ……………..
36
4.2 Discussion …………………………………………………………….
43
4.3 Lessons ……………………………………………………………….
45
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….
46
5.2 Suggestion ……………………………………………………………….
47
5.2.1 For English Student ……………………………………………….
47
5.2.2 For Literature Lecturer …………………………………………….
47
5.2.3 For the next researcher …………………………………………….
47
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
iii
vii
REFRENCES
Arp, R Thomas and Greg, Johnson. 2006. Perrines Literature Structure, Sounds,
and Sense. Ninth Edition. Thomson Wadsworth Corporation.
Babbie, Earl. 1986. The Practice of Social Researcher. California.
Wardworth. Publishing Company.
Beldad, D, Ardion. 2006. Misunderstanding and Non- Misunderstanding in the
Usage of English as a Common Language in Helpdesk Encounters Involving
Nonnative Speaker. Netherlands. University of Twenty
Bolaffi, Bracalanti, Braham and Gindro. 2003. Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and
Culture. New Delhi: SAGE Publication India Pvt. Ltd.
Cresweel, W, John. 2007. Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design Choosing
Among Five Approaches. California. Sage Publication, Inc
Eastwood, Clint. 2002. The Film Desk References. New York. Dorling
Kindersley. Publishing Inc.
Hartiningsih, Sri. 2001. Introduction to Literature. Malang. University
Muhammadiyah of Malang Press.
Holman, Hugh, C and William, Harmon. 1986. A Handbook to Literature.
New York. Macmillan. Publishing Company.
Kennedy, X, J. 1983. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama.
Boston. Canada
Koesnobroto, Soenaryo Basuki. 1988 . The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta.
Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan
Macmillan. 1984. Appreciating Literature. New York. Macmillan. Publishing
Company.
Matsumoto, David. 1996. Culture and Psychology. San Francisco State
University. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Martin, N, Judith And Thomas, K, Nakayama. 2000. Intercultural
Communication in Contexts. Arizona State University. California.
Mayfield Publishing Company.
Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston. Bedford
Book of St. Martin.
-------. 1997. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford
Books, 1997. p97
Myra, Shulman. 2001. Culture in Contrast. The University of Michigan Press.
Newman, Friends. 2008. GCSE Film Studies for WJEC. British Library.
Pearson Education Ltd
Renciere, Jacques. 2006. The Politics of Literature. Cambridge. Polity Press.
Tsutsui,
Komiko.2009.
Culturally
and
Linguistically
Driven
Misunderstanding? The Analysis of Intercultural Misunderstanding.
Institute for Intercultural Communication.
.
Webster, Merriam. 1995. Encyclopedia of Literature. USA. Merriam-Webster.
Incorporated.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synopsis
http://www.script-o-rama.com
.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This introduction provides an overview of this study of culture shock
experienced by Hunt Stevenson in “ Gung Ho” film. This chapter includes the
background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study,
significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Literature is important thing because it helps the readers to face their life,
such as, to understand human`s sentiments, interest, and also human`s problems.
As Koesnobroto (1988:2) says that literature exists because it pleases us by
imitating life, or more precisely, by displaying its writers’ vision of life as it is or
as the writers think it should be. Further, Mayer (1990:4) stated that literature is a
source more of pleasure than of information, and we read it for basically the same
reason we listen to music or view of dance: enjoy delight, and satisfaction.
Literature is derived from human being’s life, it may contain of human problems,
feelings, attitudes, or even personal experience.
Literary work as drama, short story, or novel is good to increase and enrich
the reader’s insight. The advantages of reading literary works are expanding our
imagination and give us an enjoyment understanding of life because literature
talks about human life. According to Connoly (1955:1) in “Koesnosoebroto the
reason for reading literature is because of hunger of information, or amusement,
1
or solace, because of an appetite for truth that seem to grow by what it feeds on”.
So through reading literature, one may expect to enlarge and to discipline both the
imagination and the emotions, to increase the understanding of human problems
and characters, and to gain aesthetic satisfaction through a participation in the
ordered experience which the artist present. Meyer (1990:5) argues that the
important values of literature are that it nourishes reader’s emotional lives.
Drama is a play performed before an audience by actors and actresses on a
stage” Macmillan (1984:734). Drama differs from short stories and novels. But it
has similarity with film because it is made to be performed by different actors in
different locations throughout time. While the script remains the same, actors’
interpretations of a single role may differ (Meyer: 1997:97). Basically, between a
drama and a film has the same structure. There are characters, setting, plot, theme,
etc.
Film is literally a sheet or roll of transparent material coated with light
sensitive emulsion for making photograph or moving picture by extension a
motion picture made or preserved on such material (Holman-Harmon:1986).
People in every part of the world watch films that tell stories as a type of
entertainment; a way to have fun. Film can take us on journeys we could have
only dreamed; whether it`s comedy, adventure, drama or science fiction, they are
our greatest escape (Eastwood: 2002:10). In addition, film is cultural artifacts
created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them.
You will also have the opportunity to explore film which features different people
and places (Newman, and Friends:2008). It means that from the film we get many
advance and more easy to enjoy on of literary work in the form of film.
2
A culture is set of attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviors shared by a
group of people, but different for each individual, communicated from one
generation to the next (Matsumoto:1996: 16). Sometimes we compare between
stories in drama and the experience in human life and find the exploration of
personality, human behavior and human culture. Every human has their own
culture. Matsumoto stated that “We use the word culture to refer to rituals,
tradition, and heritage. In short, we use the word culture to mean many different
things about people-physical and biological characteristic, behaviors, music,
dance, and other activities“(1996:12).
Culture processes cause changes in life style learned by, acting on the
formation of the opinions of the society. Culture shock is a relatively short-term
feeling of disorientation, of discomfort due to the unfamiliarity of surroundings,
the lack of familiar cues in the environment (Martin-Nakayama: 2000:206). The
term culture shock refers to the adjustment period most people experience when
living abroad for an extended period of time. During culture shock the individual
may experience anxiety and undergo feelings of surprise, disorientation and
confusion as they attempt to operate within the foreign environment. Cultural
difference was a single great cause of bringing out misunderstanding. Also it
brought a notion that people with different cultural backgrounds tend to
misunderstand each other more often than ones with the same cultural
background.
Misunderstanding is a communication phenomenon that we often
experience in our life. As we put our thoughts and ideas out into verbal messages,
there would be always a possibility to be understood differently by others from
3
what we actually intended to convey. As Jacques (2006:31) says that
misunderstanding is perceived as a matter of erroneous interpretation that can
easily be traced back to some ambivalence in the signs to be interpreted. The
reason could vary from a speaker’s error of expressing his/her thoughts to a
listener’s error of decoding the message and to the environment that distort the
message.
Based on the reasons above, it is interesting in doing literary research
especially in film. Because film is one of media communication and education
which reflection the condition and situation of human life. Besides that film is
very interesting and full enjoyment to be analyzed. By analyzing film the readers’
can learn about cultures and knowledge in a short time and can give contribution
to solve the problem from that movie.
Hopefully, some information and knowledge about culture especially
culture shock can be learned in order to avoid misunderstanding. This thesis will
explore more about cross cultural problem in “Gung Ho” film, how someone
named Hunt Stevenson, an American, gets misunderstanding in entering new
culture, Japanese’s culture.
The previous study done by Hidayatun (2010) entitled in “An Analysis of
Camerlengo`s Betrayal in Akiva Goldaman`s film” Angel and Demons” proved
that literature is important thing because it helps the readers to face their life, such
as, to understand human`s sentiments, interest, and also human problems. In
addition Ita`s research (2011) entitled “An Analysis of Nathan Algren`s Culture
Shocks in the movie “ The Last Samurai” found that culture shocks is influenced
4
by many different culture. One culture can influence another culture, especially if
one society has minority culture and dominant culture.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Dealing with the analysis , the writer of this study constructed the
statement problems as follows:
a. What were the misunderstandings faced by Hunt Stevenson in Edwin Blum and
Lowell Ganz film “Gung Ho”?
b. What were the causes of Hunt Stevenson`s misunderstanding in Edwin Blum
and Lowell Ganz film “ Gung Ho?
c. How did Hunt Stevenson solve his misunderstanding in Edwin Blum and
Lowell Ganz film
“ Gung Ho”?
1.3 Purpose of this Study
The purpose of this study will be expressed as follows:
a. To describe the misunderstanding faced by Hunt Stevenson.
b. To explain the causes of his misunderstanding.
c. To find out the ways how Hunt Stevenson solve his misunderstanding.
1.4 Significance of The Study
a. For the readers, it hopes that the readers can take advantages in applying what
have been learned about literature, knowing further about misunderstanding.
5
b. For society, this study will give them information about two different cultures,
Japan and America in order to avoid misunderstanding when they go to another
country.
c. For the next researcher, this study is expected to become an additional literature
to conduct similar topic research in different theme.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is on Hunt Stevenson`s misunderstanding in
Edwin Blum and Lowell Ganz film “Gung Ho” film. In addition, the limitation of
this study focuses on misunderstanding faced by Hunt Stevenson`s, the causes
and how Hunt Stevenson solve his misunderstanding.
1.6 Definition of key terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding, the writer would like to give
definitions of key terms used in this thesis. The definitions of key terms are
provided as follows:
1. Culture is the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic,
religious, or social group (Shulman, 2001).
2. Culture shocks is relatively short-term feeling of disorientation of discomfort
due to the unfamiliarity of surroundings, the lack unfamiliar cues in the
environment (Martin and Nakayama, 2006:206).
3. Film is literally a sheet or roll of transparent material coated with light sensitive
emulsion for making photograph or moving picture by extension a motion
picture made or preserved on such material (Holman-Harmon:1986).
6
4. “Gung Ho” is the title of the film.
5. Hunt Stevenson is the main character in “Gung Ho” film .
6. Ron Howard is the director of “Gung Ho” film.
7
EDWIN BLUM AND LOWELL GANZ FILM “ GUNG HO”
THESIS
BY:
ANDY FIRMANSYAH
08360275
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
AN ANALYSIS ON HUNT STEVENSON’S MISUNDERSTANDING IN
EDWIN BLUM AND LOWELL GANZ FILM “ GUNG HO”
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in
English Education
BY:
ANDY FIRMANSYAH
08360275
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah SWT, the Merciful and Charitable. Because of His
guidance, blessing and affection, the researcher can finish this thesis. The researcher would
like to express her great appreciation for some people. The researcher would like to thank to:
1. Mrs. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M, as his fist advisor and Mr. Puji Sumarsono, M.Ed, his
second advisor, for their suggestions, invaluable guidance and advice during the
consultation period, and their comments and corrections during the completion of this
thesis.
2. All lecturers of English Department who have given knowledge during her study at
University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
3. His family, hir beloved father (Moh Syafi’i) and Mother (Sri Murni) for their spirit,
pray and affection for his. Also his sister (Ayu) and brother (Nova) whom he loves so
much.
4. All of her students who have given cheerful and spirit during her teaching.
5. Her best friends (Erthin Wahyuni, Tri Jiba, Salman, Decky, Bayyudh, Reza, Fika,
Shomad, Hamid, Sobirin, Ikshan,) and all of her friends that cannot be mentioned one
by one. Thanks for their support, motivation and friendship.
Malang, November 2013
Andy Firmansyah
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER …………………………………………………………………………………
i
APPROVAL…………………………………………………………………………....
ii
LEGALIZATION ……………………………………………………………………..
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION…………………………………………….................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………………
v
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………...
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT ………………………………………………………………
vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study ……………………………………………………..
1
1.2 Statement of Study ……………………………………………………….
5
1.3 Purpose of Study …………………………………………………………
5
1.4 Significance of Study …………………………………………………….
5
1.5 Scope and Limitation …………………………………………………….
6
1.6 Definition of Key Terms …………………………………………………
6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Literature …………………………………………………………………
8
2.1.1 Informative literature ………………………………………………
9
2.1.2 Imaginative literature ………………………………………………
9
2.2 Film ……………………………………………………………………..
9
2.3 Culture …………………………………………………………………..
10
2.4 The similarities and differences between film and drama …...................
11
2.4.1 The similarities between film and dram ………………………….
11
2.4.2 The differences between film and drama …………………………
11
2.5 The kinds of film ……………………………………………………….
12
2.6 The elements of film ……………………………………………………..
14
2.6.1 Character, Characteristic and Characterization …………………...
14
2.6.2 Plot ………………………………………………………………..
15
2.6.3 Setting ………………………………………………………………
17
2.6.4 Conflict …………………………………………………...................
17
2.7 Misunderstanding ……………………………………………………….
18
2.7.1 The definition of misunderstanding ……………………………….
18
2.7.2 The types of misunderstanding ……………………………………
18
2.7.2.1 Overt Misunderstanding (Misunderstanding 1 and 2) …….
19
2.7.2.2 Overt Misunderstanding (Misunderstanding 3, 4, and 5) …
19
2.7.2.3 Latent Misunderstanding (Misunderstanding 6 and 7) …....
20
2.7.3 The reason of misunderstanding …………………………………...
21
2.7.4 Solution of misunderstanding ……………………………………...
21
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design …………………………………………………………
23
.……………………………………………………………….
23
3.2.1 Mimetic Approach ……………………………. …………………..
24
3.2.2 Pragmatic Approach .………….…………………………………...
24
3.2.3 Expressive Approach ………………………………………………
24
3.2.4 Objective Approach ………………………………………………..
24
3.3 Object of The Study ……………………………………………………..
25
3.4 Data Collection …………………………………………………………..
25
3.5 Data Analysis …………………………………………………………….
26
3.2 Approach
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
1.1 Findings ………………………………………………………………….
27
……………………...
27
4.1.1.1 Morning Exercises …………………………………………
27.
4.1.1.2 Hunt’s Presentation ………………………………………..
29
4.1.1.3 Man business ………………………………………………
30
4.1.1 Misunderstanding faced by Hunt Stevenson
4.1.2 The causes of misunderstanding faced by Hunt Stevenson ……….
ii
32
4.1.2.1 Rules …………………………………………………….
32
4.1.2.2 Culture …………………………………………………..
34
4.1.2.3 Language ………………………………………………..
35
4.1.3 The way how Hunt Stevenson solved his problem ……………..
36
4.2 Discussion …………………………………………………………….
43
4.3 Lessons ……………………………………………………………….
45
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….
46
5.2 Suggestion ……………………………………………………………….
47
5.2.1 For English Student ……………………………………………….
47
5.2.2 For Literature Lecturer …………………………………………….
47
5.2.3 For the next researcher …………………………………………….
47
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
iii
vii
REFRENCES
Arp, R Thomas and Greg, Johnson. 2006. Perrines Literature Structure, Sounds,
and Sense. Ninth Edition. Thomson Wadsworth Corporation.
Babbie, Earl. 1986. The Practice of Social Researcher. California.
Wardworth. Publishing Company.
Beldad, D, Ardion. 2006. Misunderstanding and Non- Misunderstanding in the
Usage of English as a Common Language in Helpdesk Encounters Involving
Nonnative Speaker. Netherlands. University of Twenty
Bolaffi, Bracalanti, Braham and Gindro. 2003. Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and
Culture. New Delhi: SAGE Publication India Pvt. Ltd.
Cresweel, W, John. 2007. Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design Choosing
Among Five Approaches. California. Sage Publication, Inc
Eastwood, Clint. 2002. The Film Desk References. New York. Dorling
Kindersley. Publishing Inc.
Hartiningsih, Sri. 2001. Introduction to Literature. Malang. University
Muhammadiyah of Malang Press.
Holman, Hugh, C and William, Harmon. 1986. A Handbook to Literature.
New York. Macmillan. Publishing Company.
Kennedy, X, J. 1983. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama.
Boston. Canada
Koesnobroto, Soenaryo Basuki. 1988 . The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta.
Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan
Macmillan. 1984. Appreciating Literature. New York. Macmillan. Publishing
Company.
Matsumoto, David. 1996. Culture and Psychology. San Francisco State
University. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Martin, N, Judith And Thomas, K, Nakayama. 2000. Intercultural
Communication in Contexts. Arizona State University. California.
Mayfield Publishing Company.
Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston. Bedford
Book of St. Martin.
-------. 1997. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford
Books, 1997. p97
Myra, Shulman. 2001. Culture in Contrast. The University of Michigan Press.
Newman, Friends. 2008. GCSE Film Studies for WJEC. British Library.
Pearson Education Ltd
Renciere, Jacques. 2006. The Politics of Literature. Cambridge. Polity Press.
Tsutsui,
Komiko.2009.
Culturally
and
Linguistically
Driven
Misunderstanding? The Analysis of Intercultural Misunderstanding.
Institute for Intercultural Communication.
.
Webster, Merriam. 1995. Encyclopedia of Literature. USA. Merriam-Webster.
Incorporated.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synopsis
http://www.script-o-rama.com
.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This introduction provides an overview of this study of culture shock
experienced by Hunt Stevenson in “ Gung Ho” film. This chapter includes the
background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study,
significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Literature is important thing because it helps the readers to face their life,
such as, to understand human`s sentiments, interest, and also human`s problems.
As Koesnobroto (1988:2) says that literature exists because it pleases us by
imitating life, or more precisely, by displaying its writers’ vision of life as it is or
as the writers think it should be. Further, Mayer (1990:4) stated that literature is a
source more of pleasure than of information, and we read it for basically the same
reason we listen to music or view of dance: enjoy delight, and satisfaction.
Literature is derived from human being’s life, it may contain of human problems,
feelings, attitudes, or even personal experience.
Literary work as drama, short story, or novel is good to increase and enrich
the reader’s insight. The advantages of reading literary works are expanding our
imagination and give us an enjoyment understanding of life because literature
talks about human life. According to Connoly (1955:1) in “Koesnosoebroto the
reason for reading literature is because of hunger of information, or amusement,
1
or solace, because of an appetite for truth that seem to grow by what it feeds on”.
So through reading literature, one may expect to enlarge and to discipline both the
imagination and the emotions, to increase the understanding of human problems
and characters, and to gain aesthetic satisfaction through a participation in the
ordered experience which the artist present. Meyer (1990:5) argues that the
important values of literature are that it nourishes reader’s emotional lives.
Drama is a play performed before an audience by actors and actresses on a
stage” Macmillan (1984:734). Drama differs from short stories and novels. But it
has similarity with film because it is made to be performed by different actors in
different locations throughout time. While the script remains the same, actors’
interpretations of a single role may differ (Meyer: 1997:97). Basically, between a
drama and a film has the same structure. There are characters, setting, plot, theme,
etc.
Film is literally a sheet or roll of transparent material coated with light
sensitive emulsion for making photograph or moving picture by extension a
motion picture made or preserved on such material (Holman-Harmon:1986).
People in every part of the world watch films that tell stories as a type of
entertainment; a way to have fun. Film can take us on journeys we could have
only dreamed; whether it`s comedy, adventure, drama or science fiction, they are
our greatest escape (Eastwood: 2002:10). In addition, film is cultural artifacts
created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them.
You will also have the opportunity to explore film which features different people
and places (Newman, and Friends:2008). It means that from the film we get many
advance and more easy to enjoy on of literary work in the form of film.
2
A culture is set of attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviors shared by a
group of people, but different for each individual, communicated from one
generation to the next (Matsumoto:1996: 16). Sometimes we compare between
stories in drama and the experience in human life and find the exploration of
personality, human behavior and human culture. Every human has their own
culture. Matsumoto stated that “We use the word culture to refer to rituals,
tradition, and heritage. In short, we use the word culture to mean many different
things about people-physical and biological characteristic, behaviors, music,
dance, and other activities“(1996:12).
Culture processes cause changes in life style learned by, acting on the
formation of the opinions of the society. Culture shock is a relatively short-term
feeling of disorientation, of discomfort due to the unfamiliarity of surroundings,
the lack of familiar cues in the environment (Martin-Nakayama: 2000:206). The
term culture shock refers to the adjustment period most people experience when
living abroad for an extended period of time. During culture shock the individual
may experience anxiety and undergo feelings of surprise, disorientation and
confusion as they attempt to operate within the foreign environment. Cultural
difference was a single great cause of bringing out misunderstanding. Also it
brought a notion that people with different cultural backgrounds tend to
misunderstand each other more often than ones with the same cultural
background.
Misunderstanding is a communication phenomenon that we often
experience in our life. As we put our thoughts and ideas out into verbal messages,
there would be always a possibility to be understood differently by others from
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what we actually intended to convey. As Jacques (2006:31) says that
misunderstanding is perceived as a matter of erroneous interpretation that can
easily be traced back to some ambivalence in the signs to be interpreted. The
reason could vary from a speaker’s error of expressing his/her thoughts to a
listener’s error of decoding the message and to the environment that distort the
message.
Based on the reasons above, it is interesting in doing literary research
especially in film. Because film is one of media communication and education
which reflection the condition and situation of human life. Besides that film is
very interesting and full enjoyment to be analyzed. By analyzing film the readers’
can learn about cultures and knowledge in a short time and can give contribution
to solve the problem from that movie.
Hopefully, some information and knowledge about culture especially
culture shock can be learned in order to avoid misunderstanding. This thesis will
explore more about cross cultural problem in “Gung Ho” film, how someone
named Hunt Stevenson, an American, gets misunderstanding in entering new
culture, Japanese’s culture.
The previous study done by Hidayatun (2010) entitled in “An Analysis of
Camerlengo`s Betrayal in Akiva Goldaman`s film” Angel and Demons” proved
that literature is important thing because it helps the readers to face their life, such
as, to understand human`s sentiments, interest, and also human problems. In
addition Ita`s research (2011) entitled “An Analysis of Nathan Algren`s Culture
Shocks in the movie “ The Last Samurai” found that culture shocks is influenced
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by many different culture. One culture can influence another culture, especially if
one society has minority culture and dominant culture.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Dealing with the analysis , the writer of this study constructed the
statement problems as follows:
a. What were the misunderstandings faced by Hunt Stevenson in Edwin Blum and
Lowell Ganz film “Gung Ho”?
b. What were the causes of Hunt Stevenson`s misunderstanding in Edwin Blum
and Lowell Ganz film “ Gung Ho?
c. How did Hunt Stevenson solve his misunderstanding in Edwin Blum and
Lowell Ganz film
“ Gung Ho”?
1.3 Purpose of this Study
The purpose of this study will be expressed as follows:
a. To describe the misunderstanding faced by Hunt Stevenson.
b. To explain the causes of his misunderstanding.
c. To find out the ways how Hunt Stevenson solve his misunderstanding.
1.4 Significance of The Study
a. For the readers, it hopes that the readers can take advantages in applying what
have been learned about literature, knowing further about misunderstanding.
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b. For society, this study will give them information about two different cultures,
Japan and America in order to avoid misunderstanding when they go to another
country.
c. For the next researcher, this study is expected to become an additional literature
to conduct similar topic research in different theme.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is on Hunt Stevenson`s misunderstanding in
Edwin Blum and Lowell Ganz film “Gung Ho” film. In addition, the limitation of
this study focuses on misunderstanding faced by Hunt Stevenson`s, the causes
and how Hunt Stevenson solve his misunderstanding.
1.6 Definition of key terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding, the writer would like to give
definitions of key terms used in this thesis. The definitions of key terms are
provided as follows:
1. Culture is the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic,
religious, or social group (Shulman, 2001).
2. Culture shocks is relatively short-term feeling of disorientation of discomfort
due to the unfamiliarity of surroundings, the lack unfamiliar cues in the
environment (Martin and Nakayama, 2006:206).
3. Film is literally a sheet or roll of transparent material coated with light sensitive
emulsion for making photograph or moving picture by extension a motion
picture made or preserved on such material (Holman-Harmon:1986).
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4. “Gung Ho” is the title of the film.
5. Hunt Stevenson is the main character in “Gung Ho” film .
6. Ron Howard is the director of “Gung Ho” film.
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