CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
In conducting this study, it is important for the researcher to determine the research method that used. This method includes: research
design, unit of analysis, source of data, technique of data collection, and technique of data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
In this study, the researcher used qualitative descriptive method. Isaac and Michael 1987:42 state that: ―The purpose of descriptive
method is to describe systematically situation or area of interest factually and accurately‖. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method
because this research cannot be counted by the numbers but it is only based on the quality of the presidential debate. Then, this research is not to
compare and identify relations between two variables or more. This research used qualitative descriptive method which is aimed
at finding out the elements of ethnography of communication and also describing all aspects that found in the Presidential Debate between
President Barack Obama and Governor Mitt Romney.
3.2 Unit of analysis
Unit of analysis in this research is every utterance produced by the participants in the presidential debate particularly President Barack
Obama, Governor Mitt Romney, and Jim Lehrer as a moderator. The utterances can also differentiate meaning of language that is used in
society.
3.3 Source of Data
The data of this research are utterances. The data were transcript and video of Jim Lehrer as a moderator, President Barack Obama, and
Governor Mitt Romney in first presidential debate 2012. The researcher used not only transcript but also video as the data in this research in order
to get the real information and situation in the presidential debate. It is hoped that the video and transcript support this study well.
3.4 Techniques of Data Collection
The data of this study were obtained by doing the following steps. 1.
Searching for the transcript and video. In this step, the researcher collected the data from the websites:
http:debates.orgindex.php?page=october-3-2012-debate- transcript and http:edition.cnn.comelection2012debatesfirst-
presidential-debate 2.
Downloading the data. In this step, the researcher downloaded the data to find out the real
video of the first presidential debate that used to be analyzed.
3.5 Techniques of Data Analysis
The steps in analyzing the data are as follows:
1. Analyzing the data to find out the elements of ethnography of
communication in the First Presidential Debate between Governor Mitt Romney and President Barack Obama.
2. Classifying the elements of the ethnography of communication
which occur in the debate. 3.
Interpreting the data. 4.
Drawing conclusion The researcher drew the conclusion based on the analysis of data.
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS
This chapter covers the data analysis of the elements of ethnography of communication proposes Hymes‘ speaking grids 1972a, 55-57. They are: setting
and scene, participant, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, genre in first of the 2012 presidential debate between President Barack Obama and
Governor Mitt Romney, dated October 3, 2012. Detailed finding and discussion of each elements of ethnography of communication are presented in the following
sections.
4.1 Findings
