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narrative, the supporting ideas must be order based on the time of events or in chronological order. If the text is descriptive, the
supporting ideas must be order based on the spatial order. In addition, if the kind of the text is expository, the supporting ideas
must be order based on logic or reason or it is called logical order. In addition to five elements above, Boardman adds cohesion
as one of the important elements of good paragraph. According to Boardman 2008:23, cohesion is if all of the supporting sentences
give more explanations about topic sentence and have connection each other. To connect them, conjunction, personal pronoun,
article, demonstrative adjective, and pronoun can be used.
2.2.3. Writing descriptive text
As stated before that paragraph is a piece of written text. It can be said that paragraph is a text and according to Gerot and Wignell 1994:17,
a culturally specific text-type result from using language to accomplish something is called genre. In addition, according to Knapp and Watkins
2005:21, genre primarily refers to the language processes involved in doing things with language. It can be concluded that genre is related to the
language use. In writing descriptive text, the writer may describe about the
characteristic features of a thing, person, or animal Priyana, 2008:130. The structure of the descriptive text is divided into two parts: identification
to identify the phenomenon that will be described and descriptions to
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describe parts, qualities, characteristics of the phenomenon. Moreover, the learners should focus on the use of grammatical features. There are some
grammatical features of describing something in descriptive text Knapp and Watkins,2005:98-100.
Grammatical feature
Explanation Example
Present Tense To express general
fact, habitual or everyday activities
She eats a bowl of
porridge every morning
Relational verbs To classify and
describe appearancequalities
and partsfunctions of phenomena is, are,
has, have
Turtles do not have
teeth, they have a sharp beak instead
Action Verb To describe behavior
uses
Ants live in colonies
Mental verbs To describe feelings
She felt unhappy. He liked dancing.
Adjectives To add extra
information to nouns
This table is brown Table 1. Grammatical features of descriptive text
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Adverbs To add extra
information to verbs to provide more
detailed description
Turtles swim slowly
Adverbial To add more
information about the manner, place or time
The student only
worked diligently just before exams
2.2.4 Writing in the Language Classroom
In the language classroom, teachers are manager of the students who manage teaching and learning process. They may focus on some aspects in
the class. Especially in teaching writing, the teachers should know how to improve the students’ writing mastery. According to Richard and Rodgers
2001: 57, foreign language learning is basically a process of mechanical habit formation and good habits are formed by giving correct responses.
Therefore, the correct responses are needed by the learners to minimize of making mistake. In addition, the teachers may apply some approaches and
strategies to get the significant result of teaching and learning writing. Moreover, at the process of teaching and learning writing, the teachers have
curriculum as a guidance to be implemented.
a. Teaching for Improving Writing Skill
