5.35 38.55 Baseline Study Papua Rural Remote Education Final Report

90 Table 4.8: Correlation Analysis of EGRA Subtasks The demographic profiles of students differentiate their oral reading fluency ORF. Table 4.9 shows that students from Jayapura outscored students from Jayawijaya by more than16 words per minute. Additionally, students who were over 7 years old and in the third grade outperformed their younger counterparts who were in the second grade. Letter-sound identification lettersmin Non-word reading wordsmin Oral reading fluency wordsmin Reading comprehension Correct Listening comprehension Correct Oral Vocabulary Correct Dictation Correct Letter-sound identification lettersmin 1.00 0.578 0.562 0.592 0.385 0.298 0.641 Non-word reading wordsmin 0.578 1.00 0.830 0.820 0.374 0.271 0.745 Oral reading fluency wordsmin 0.562 0.830 1.00 0.838 0.385 0.283 0.715 Reading comprehension Correct 0.592 0.820 0.838 1.00 0.464 0.335 0.790 Listening comprehension Correct 0.385 0.374 0.385 0.464 1.00 0.450 0.463 Oral Vocabulary Correct 0.298 0.271 0.283 0.335 0.450 1.00 0.368 Dictation Correct 0.641 0.745 0.715 0.790 0.463 0.368 1.00 indicates statistical significance at the .01 level 91 Table 4.9: Oral Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension by Demographics Similarly, in terms of reading comprehension, Jayapura students read almost ten times better than Jayawijaya students in terms of correct answers 31.09 correct answers in Jayapura vs. 3.92 correct answers in Jayawijaya. In addition, higher age students and third grade students also had a higher chance to have correct answers in the reading comprehension subtask. Interestingly, gender did not make any significant difference in the students’ ORF and reading comprehension scores. Although female students tended to have a higher performance in ORF and reading comprehension than male students, the difference was insignificant. This study also revealed that the usage of exercise books differentiated students’ reading performance. Students who had used their exercise books for more than ¼ obtained a significantly higher ORF score as well as better reading comprehension as compared to those who rarely used their exercise books. Furthermore, teachers’ marking in the exercise books also differentiated the students’ ORF scores and reading comprehension. Students who had exercise books which were mostly or fully marked by the teacher doubled their ORF scores and reading comprehension scores as compared to those without marks. Moreover, books ownership at home also played an important role in supporting students’ reading performance. Students, who had other books at home, other than their school books, obtained significantly SSME Category Indicator ORF Wordsminute Reading Comprehension Correct Student Districts Biak 4.16 6.62 Jayapura 20.17 31.09 Mimika 9.23 14.81 Jayawijaya ref 3.47 3.92 Manokwari 10.33 16.10 Sorong 13.78 20.29 Gender Male 9.76 15.17 Female 10.61 15.71 Age Of-age 6-7 y.o 8.04 12.21 Over age more than 7 y.o 10.89 16.50 Student’ Grade 2 nd Grade 7.99 12.22 3 th Grade 14.27 21.47 ref : signifies the reference group : indicates statistical significance at the .05 level