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Nature Naturalize
Natural Naturally
Notice Notice
Noticeable Noticeably
Sadness Sadden
Sad Sadly
Significance Signify
Significant Significantly
f. Pronoun
A pronoun represents a person, place, thing, or idea without naming it. Pronouns may occur before a verb, after a verb, after a
preposition, or before a noun. There are several types of pronouns personal, intensive, indefinite, and relative pronoun.
1 Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns are part of pronouns that are words that replaces a noun or noun phrase, but they commonly refer to person
and thing, as Kolln said, “Personal pronouns are the ones we usually think of when the word pronoun comes to mind, we generally label
them on the basis of person and members.”
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There are four case forms of personal pronoun to indicate different sentence function:
subjective case, objective case, the possessive case, and reflexive case. Personal pronouns change their form for person first, second and
third, for case subject, object, possessive, number singular, plural and gender masculine, feminine, neuter, except for reflexive making
the same kind of changes. Following table show the form of personal pronoun;
Table 2.8
The Form of Personal Pronoun
Subject Object
Possessive Adjective
Possessive Pronoun
Reflexive Singular
I You
He Me
You Him
My Your
His Mine
Yours His
Myself Your self
Himself
30
Martha Kolln, Understanding English Grammar 4
th
Edition, New York: Macmillan, 1991, p. 331
25
She It
Her It
Her Its
Hers Herself
Itself Plural
We You
They Us
You Them
Ours Yours
Theirs Ourselves
Yourselves Themselves
2 Intensive Pronouns
An intensive pronoun is a pronoun used to emphasize its antencedent. Intensive pronouns are identical in form to reflexive
pronouns. Examples;
I myself believe that aliens should abduct my sister. The prime minister himself said that he would lower taxes.
They themselves promised to come to th eparty even though they had
a final exam at the same time.
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3 Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns refer to persons, places, or things that are unspecified, unknown, or unrevealed. Because indefinite pronouns do
not refer to specific nouns, their antecedents are not given.
Someone knock on the door of the cabin.
Ray explained the situation to anybody who would listen.
The following are indefinite pronouns:
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Everyone Someone
Anyone No one
Everybody Somebody
Anybody Nobody
Everything Something
Anything Nothing
4 Relative Pronoun
Relative pronouns begin adjective clauses and show the relationship between a clause and the noun it modifies. The main
relative pronoun are who whose, whom, which, and that.
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http:www.wikipediaedupronoun.com
32
Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar …, p. 226
26
Using subject pronouns:
Who, Which, That
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For example:
a I thanked the woman who
helped me.
b I thanked the woman that
helped me.
c The book which is on the
table is mine.
Who = used for people
Which = used for things
That = used for both people
and things
Using object pronouns:
Who m, Which, That
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For example:
a The man whom I saw was
Mr. Jones.
b The man that I saw was Mr.
Jones.
c The movie which we saw last
night wasn’t very good.
Whom = used for people
Which = used for things
That = used for both people
and things
Using
Whose
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a
I know the man whose
bicycle was stolen
Whose is used to show possession. It
carries the same meaning as other possession
pronouns used
as adjectives: his, her, its, and their.
Like his, her, its, and their, whose is connected to a noun:
His bicycle = whose bicycle Both whose and the noun it is
connected to are placed at the beginning of the adjective clause.
Whose
cannot be omitted.
g. Spelling
