Research Design RESEARCH METHOD

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the research methods applied in this research. They include the research design, area determination method, respondent determination method, data collection methods, data analysis method, and operational definitions of the terms. Each of them will be explained in the following parts.

3.1 Research Design

Research design is a strategy to arrange the setting of a research to get valid data that match with variable and the objective of the research Arikunto, 2006:44. The design that was used in this research was an experimental research design. Creswell 2012:295, states that in an experimental research, a researcher tests an idea or procedure tEo determine whether or not it gives a significant effect to the dependent variable. It means that the experimental design was appropriate to be used in this research because the purpose of this research was to know whether there is a significant effect of using crossword puzzle on the students’ vocabulary achievement. Further, Mc. Millan 1992:13 states that in the experimental research the researchers have control over one or more factors in the study. It shows that the researcher can manipulate a factor and then see what will happen to the responses of subjects as a result. The purpose of manipulating a factor is to investigate its causal relationship with another factor. In this research, the researcher learned about the causal relationship between the use of crossword puzzle in teaching vocabulary and the students’ vocabulary achievement. The research design that was used in this research was a quasi- experimental design using Post-test only control group design. This research 21 design used two classes. The first class was treated as the experimental group and the second class was treated as the control group. The two classes were selected by using lottery. In this research, the experimental group was given a treatment that was taught vocabulary by using crossword puzzle, while the control group was not taught vocabulary by using crossword puzzle. After that, the two groups were given the vocabulary post-test. From the results of the post- test, the researcher analyzed the mean deviation from both groups to know the significant difference of the vocabulary achievement between the experimental group and the control groups. The design of this research was illustrated in the following diagram. A X O2 B O2 Note: A : Experimental group B : Control group X : Treatment O2 : Post-test Creswell, 2012:310 The procedures of the research were as follows: 1. Administering homogeneity test to all classes of the eighth grade students in MTs Kebunrejo Banyuwangi in order to know the homogeneity of the population. Analyzing the scores of homogeneity test by using ANOVA Analysis of Variance. From the result of the homogeneity test, it was found that the population or all the classes of the eighth grade students was homogeneous. 2. Taking two classes by using lottery and they were determined to be the experimental group and the control group. 3. Giving the treatments to the experimental group by teaching vocabulary by using crossword puzzle and the control group was not taught vocabulary by using crossword puzzle, but it was taught vocabulary by using Question and Answer technique. 4. Administering the vocabulary try out test to establish validity, reliability, and difficulty index of teacher-made test and analyzing the results. The try out test was given to the other class that did not belong to the experimental group or the control group. Besides, the try out test was administered to know whether the time allocation was appropriate or not and whether the instruction was clear or not. 5. Giving the vocabulary post-test to both groupsclasses to know the result of the treatments given, or to know the students’ vocabulary achievement after the treatment given. 6. Analyzing the deviation of post-test by using t-test formula of 5 significance level to know the mean score of the two groups, whether the mean difference was significant or not. 7. Finding the Degree of Relative Effectiveness since the result of t-test was significant. 8. Drawing a conclusion from the results of the data analysis to answer the research problem.

3.2 Area Determination Method