The Suggestions of the Study
Fotos, S.. ―Cognitive Approaches to Grammar Instruction,‖ In K. Lynn Savage,
et.al Eds.. Grammar Matters Teaching Grammar in Adult ESL Programs. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Freeman, D. Laser. ―Teaching Language: From Grammar to Grammaring,‖ in Shu
Yun Yu Ed.. The Effects of Games on the Acquisition of Some Grammatical Features of L2 German on Students’ Motivation and on Classroom
Atmosphere. A Thesis Published in Australian Catholic University, October 2005.
Fromkin, Victoria, et.al. An Introduction to Language. Boston: Wadsworth, 2003. Gay, L. R., et.al. Educational Research. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2009.
Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York: Longman, 1991.
Hubbard, P. and Siskin C. Bradin. ―another look at tutorial CALL‖, in Sue E. K.
Otto and James P. Pusack Eds.. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Authoring Issues. The Modern Language Journal, Vol. 93, 2009.
Indonesian national education ministry regulation No. 22 year 2006. standard competency and basic competency in senior high school, 2015. Retrieved
from http:bsnp-indonesia.orgid?page_id=103. Iravani, Hasan and Mehdi Tajik. The Effect of Software-assisted Grammar
Teaching on Learning Grammar of Iranian Male Junior High School Learners. Journal of Language and Translation, Vol. 3, Number 1, 2012.
Katamba, Francis. Morphology. London: Macmillan Press, 1993. Leech, G. and Svartvik, J.. A Communicative Grammar of English. Edinburgh:
Pearson Education, 2002. Levy, M..
―Computer-assisted language learning: Context and conceptualization‖, in Sue E. K. Otto and James P. Pusack Eds.. Computer-Assisted Language
Learning Authoring Issues. The Modern Language Journal, Vol. 93, 2009. M. A. Phyle and M. E. Munoz Page, Cliff TOEFL preparation Guide Test of
English as a Foreign Language, Delhi: Nice Printing Press, 2009, P.59. Muijs, Daniel. Doing Quantitatve Research in Education. London: Sage
Publications, 2004.
Celce-Murcia, Marianne and Sharon Hilles. Techniques and Resources in Teaching Grammar. New York: Oxford University, 1988.
Nicol, M. and A. Anderson. ―Computer-Assisted vs. Teacher–Directed Teaching
of Innumeracy in Adults‖, in Ali Ahmad Al-Barakat and Ruba Fahmi Bataineh. International Journal of Education and Development using
Information and Communication Technology. IJEDICT, Vol. 4, Issue 4, 2008.
Otto, Sue E. K. and James P. Pusack. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Authoring Issues. The Modern Language Journal, Vol. 93, 2009.
Richards, Jack C. and Theodore S. Rodgers. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching: a Description and Analysis. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1986. Rusman. Belajar dan Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer: Mengembangkan
Profesionalisme Guru Abad 21. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013. Sadiman, Arief S., et.al. Media Pendidikan dan Proses Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta:
PT Raja Grafindo Persada; 1986. Smaldino, Sharon E., et.al. Instructional Technology Media for Learning.
Jakarta: Kencana, 2011. Soekartiwi.
―Rancangan Instruksional,‖ in Nuhung Ruis, et.al Eds. Instructional Media. Jakarta: Ministry of National Education, 2009.
Sudijono, Anas. Pengantar Evaluasi Pendidikan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 1996.
Susetyo, Budi. Statistika untuk analysis data penelitian. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2010.
Ur, Peny. Grammar Practice Activities: a Practical Guide for Teachers. UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Willner, E. and J. Willner. ―Pre-service Teachers Perceptions about Computer
Use f or Tutoring‖, in Ali Ahmad Al-Barakat and Ruba Fahmi Bataineh.
International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology. IJEDICT, Vol. 4, Issue 4, 2008.
Young, B.. ―Exergaming Definitions‖, in Dalia Omar Abu Shagga Ed.. The
Effectiveness of Using Computerized Educational Games on Developing Aspects of English Grammar for Deaf Ninth Graders in Gaza Governorates.
A thesis Published in Al-Azhar University Gaza, 2012.
69
A
P P
E
N D
I
X
E
S
Appendix 1 : Instrument before being Tested Its Validity,
Reliability, and Item Quality
1. Aidil a d Ria ………. i Astra last
year a.
were working b.
had worked c.
worked d.
had been working 2.
Mrs. E de ………. the ho e ork last week
a. do not checked
b. did not check
c. was not checking
d. had not checked
3. Mr. Yasri ………. alo g the ri er bank
when he accidentally met some people from Asmat tribe.
a. walk
b. walked
c. was walking
d. had been walking
4. Fi ally, Mrs. Ria’s daughter ………. to
German after she had graduated from Senior High School
a. study
b. studied
c. was studying
d. had been studying
5. The trai fi ally a e after I ……….
for twenty minutes. a.
had waited b.
was waiting c.
waited d.
had been waiting 6.
Mr. Bukhari a d Mr. Arif ………. to Tanah Abang Market two days ago.
a. went
b. had been going
c. was not going
d. had not gone
7. Mrs. Mo alisa ………. E glish for
minutes when one of her students knocked the door.
a. taught
b. was teaching
c. had taught
d. had been teaching
8. Mrs. Sofrida ………. fro UIN i
6 a.
had graduated b.
graduated c.
was graduating d.
had been graduating 9.
The ar e gi e ………. s oothly when it suddenly stopped on the
toll road. a.
ran b.
was running c.
had run d.
had been running 10.
My lecturer had explained the le tures efore ……….
a. he had been reviewing the
previous one b.
he reviewed the previous one c.
he had reviewed the previous one
d. he was reviewing the previous
one 11.
Arif ………. E glish for two hours when Fenti came
a. studied
b. had studied
c. had been studying
d. was studying
12. The garden was finally clean after I
………. all grasses for a hour a.
had been cutting b.
cut
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 1
Nilai Nama
Kelas Haritanggal
c. was cutting
d. had cut
13. Our tea ………. the ga e last eek
a. won
b. was winning
c. had won
d. had been winning
14. Lia : What was your mother doing
when you arrived at home two days ago?
Aldi : She ………. i the li i g roo
a. cooked
b. had been cooking
c. had cooked
d. was cooking
15. I guess the house ………. efore it
was advertised by the agent. a.
sold b.
had sold c.
had been sold d.
was selling 16.
My eyes were very tired after I ………. A o el for t o hours.
a. had been reading
b. read
c. had read
d. was reading
17. When the teacher entered the
roo , the stude ts ………. a.
were talking b.
talked c.
had been talking d.
had talked 18.
I ………. y gra d other’s house yesterday
a. visited
b. had been visiting
c. had visited
d. was visiting
19. Sofri a ………. a aspiri
he Purnomo came to her house
a. took
b. had taken
c. was taking
d. had been taking
20. Mr. Susilo was very tired last night,
so he selpt after he ………. off the light.
a. was turned
b. was turning
c. had turned
d. had been turning
21. Ci deralla ………. for a hu dred
years when a prince came to her a.
Slept b.
was sleeping c.
had slept d.
had been sleeping 22.
Before Sa ay ………. the o puter program, She had checked it out
with her husband, Martinus. a.
had run b.
ran c.
was running d.
had been running 23.
Just o , I ………. a ar hitti g a a a.
Saw b.
Was seeing c.
Had seen d.
Had been seeing 24.
The su ………. he the hildre went out.
a. shone
b. was shining
c. had been shining
d. had shone
Appendix 1 : Instrument before being Tested Its Validity,
Reliability, and Item Quality
1. I ………. the task to y tea her,
before she asked me to do it. a.
was submitted b.
was submitting c.
had been submitting d.
had submitted 2.
Adi ………. for a hour he his mother cried him to hurry up
a. took a bath
b. had taken a bath
c. had been taking a bath
d. was taking a bath
3. After
y other ……….
e a breakfast, she woke me up
a. was cooked
b. was cooking
c. had cooked
d. had been cooking
4. I ………. a ti ket for this o ert t o
days ago a.
had bought b.
was buying c.
bought d.
had been buying 5.
I ………. hile
y other
as cooking
a. washed
b. had been washing
c. was washing
d. had washed
6. After Cepi ………. reakfast, he e t to
the office by train. a.
was eating b.
had eaten c.
was ate d.
had been eating 7.
I ………. for te i utes he the teacher threw an eraser to my head
a. had daydreamed
b. had been daydreaming
c. daydreamed
d. was daydreaming
8. I as si gi g hile y rother ……….
a. danced
b. was dancing
c. had been dancing
d. had danced
9. Mr. Budi a d his ife ………. i
a. were marrying
b. had married
c. had been marrying
d. married
10. When we were watching a movie,
the s ree sudde ly ………. a.
was switching off b.
switched off c.
had been switching off d.
had switched off 11.
I ………. a letter for y other before I sent it
a. was writing
b. written
c. had written
d. had been writing
12. I ………. a tree for i utes he
tsunami came destroying my village a.
climbed b.
was climbing c.
had climbed d.
had been climbing 13.
Before I e t to s hool, I ………. a permission to my parents
a. were asked
b. was asking
c. had asked
d. had been asking
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 2
Nilai Nama
Kelas Haritanggal
14. She ………. a doll ith e yesterday.
a. was playing
b. played
c. had played
d. had been playing
15. My father was working at an office
hile y other ………. at a all. a.
shopped b.
was shopping c.
had shopped d.
had been shopping 16.
Before I brought home a new bag, I ………. it to the ashier
a. had paid
b. had been paying
c. was paid
d. was paying
17. I ………. E glish for t o years efore
I went to study aboard. a.
had studied b.
had been studying c.
was studying d.
studied 18.
Si ta ………. for a hour efore her mother gave her an Ice cream
a. was crying
b. had been crying
c. cried
d. had cried
19. My other ………. e a house a year
ago. a.
gave b.
was giving c.
had given d.
had been giving 20.
My telepho e ………. he I as i a toilet
a. rang
b. was ringing
c. had been ringing
d. had rung
21. Diki ………. efore he sa his a y
a. was died
b. had been dying
c. had died
d. was dying
22. Sa di ………. for three hours he
the alarm rang a.
was sleeping b.
slept c.
had slept d.
had been sleeping 23.
Bo y ………. at this se ester. He got a lot of red marks in his rapport.
a. was failing
b. had failed
c. failed
d. had been failing
Appendix 1 : Instrument before being Tested Its Validity,
Reliability, and Item Quality
CINDERELLA
Long, long time ago, there lived a beautiful girl named Cinderella. Because
her parents . . . 1 away, she . . . 2 with her step mother and step sister. Cinderella was very sad everyday because she . . . 3 to do the housework alone.
One day, the king . . . 4 to find the wife for his son. He . . . 5 all the beautiful girls to come. Cinderella was very sad because her step sister . . . 6 not
let her go. Her sister . . . 7 to the palace without Cinderella.
Luckily, The Angel came and helped Cinderella to go to the palace. In the
palace, Cinderella . . . 8 with the prince. He . . . 9 in love with her; then he married her. They . . . 10 happily ever after.
1. a. passed
b. pass
c. passing
d. passes
2. a. living
b. lived
c. live
d. lives
3. a. had
b. have
c. has
d. having
4. a. wanting
b. wants
c. want
d. wanted
5. a. invited
b. invite
c. invites
d. inviting
6. a. done
b. do
c. does
d. did
7. a. went
b. go
c. gone
d. going
8. a. dance
b. danced
c. dancing
d. dances
9. a. fall
b. falls
c. fell
d. flown
10. a. lived
b. lives
c. live
d. living
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 3
Nilai Nama
Kelas Haritanggal
Appendix 2 : Validity, Reliability, and Item Quality Test Calculation of the Instrument
VALIDITY 1
Testee Skor untuk butir item nomor
Xt Xt2
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
9 81
2 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 8
64 3
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 9
81 4
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 64
5 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
15 225
6 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
36 7
1 1
1 1
4 16
8 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
36 9
1 1
1 1
4 16
10 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 8
64 11
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
12 144
12 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
15 225
13 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
36 14
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 15
225 15
1 1
1 3
9 16
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 9
81 17
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 64
18 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
9 81
19 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100
75
20 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100 21
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
16 256
22 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
9 81
23 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
9 81
24 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
9 81
25 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 8
64 26
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
12 144
27 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 12
144 28
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 64
29 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
11 121
30 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100 31
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 9
81 32
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
169 33
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
169 33
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N1
N1 1
N1 2
N1 3
N1 4
N1 5
N1 6
N1 7
N1 8
N1 9
N2 N2
1 N2
2 N2
3 N2
4 Xt
Xt 2
8 15 12 11 17
8 26
6 26
2 9
7 2
13 8
19 23 4
21 17 16 2
14 27 313 3303
P
0.24 0.45 0.36 0.33 0.52 0.24 0.79 0.18 0.79 0.06 0.27 0.21 0.06 0.39 0.24 0.58 0.7 0.12 0.64 0.52 0.48 0.06 0.42 0.82
Q
0.76 0.55 0.64 0.67 0.48 0.76 0.21 0.82 0.21 0.94 0.73 0.79 0.94 0.61 0.76 0.42 0.3 0.88 0.36 0.48 0.52 0.94 0.58 0.18
76
Appendix 2 : Validity, Reliability, and Item Quality Test
Calculation of the Instrument VALIDITY 1
Soal Mp Mt SDt p
q r pbi
r table sig. 5
Interprestasi 1
12 9.5
3.2 0.2 0.8
0.51 0.355
r pbir table Valid
2 11
9.5 3.2
0.5 0.5 0.43
0.355 r pbir table
Valid 3
11 9.5
3.2 0.4 0.6
0.44 0.355
r pbir table Valid
4 11
9.5 3.2
0.3 0.7 0.44
0.355 r pbir table
Valid 5
11 9.5
3.2 0.5 0.5
0.55 0.355
r pbir table Valid
6 8.6 9.5
3.2 0.2 0.8
-0.2 0.355
r pbir table Invali
d 7
10 9.5
3.2 0.8 0.2
0.38 0.355
r pbir table Valid
8 13
9.5 3.2
0.2 0.8 0.47
0.355 r pbir table
Valid 9
10 9.5
3.2 0.8 0.2
0.41 0.355
r pbir table Valid
10 15
9.5 3.2
0.1 0.9 0.44
0.355 r pbir table
Valid 11
12 9.5
3.2 0.3 0.7
0.44 0.355
r pbir table Valid
12 12
9.5 3.2
0.2 0.8 0.43
0.355 r pbir table
Valid 13
15 9.5
3.2 0.1 0.9
0.44 0.355
r pbir table Valid
14 9.6 9.5
3.2 0.4 0.6
0.03 0.355
r pbir table Invali
d 15
8.1 9.5 3.2
0.2 0.8 -0.2
0.355 r pbir table
Invali d
16 11
9.5 3.2
0.6 0.4 0.55
0.355 r pbir table
Valid 17
11 9.5
3.2 0.7 0.3
0.51 0.355
r pbir table Valid
18 10
9.5 3.2
0.1 0.9 0.06
0.355 r pbir table
Invali d
19 11
9.5 3.2
0.6 0.4 0.43
0.355 r pbir table
Valid 20
11 9.5
3.2 0.5 0.5
0.36 0.355
r pbir table Valid
21 11
9.5 3.2
0.5 0.5 0.42
0.355 r pbir table
Valid 22
7 9.5
3.2 0.1 0.9
-0.2 0.355
r pbir table Invali
d 23
9.8 9.5 3.2
0.4 0.6 0.08
0.355 r pbir table
Invali d
24 9.5 9.5
3.2 0.8 0.2
-0 0.355
r pbir table Invali
d
Appendix 2 : Validity, Reliability, and Item Quality Test Calculation of the Instrument
RELIABILITY 1
Testee Skor untuk butir item ganjil nomor:
X Testee
Skor untuk butir item genap nomor:
Y Testee
Skor item bernomor
XY X2
Y2 1 3 5 7 9 11
13 17
19 21
2 4 8 10 12 16 20
X Y
1 0 0 0 1 1
1 3
1 1 1 0
1 3
1 3
3 9
9 9
2 0 0 0 1 1
1 3
2 1 1 0
2 2
3 2
6 9
4 3
0 0 0 1 1 1
1 4
3 0 1 0
1 2
3 4
2 8
16 4
4 0 0 0 1 1
1 1
4 4
0 0 0 1
1 4
4 1
4 16
1 5
1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1
7 5
1 1 1 1
1 5
5 7
5 35
49 25
6 0 0 0 0 1
1 2
6 0 0 0
1 1
6 2
1 2
4 1
7 0 1 0 0 1
1 3
7 0 0 0
7 3
9 8
0 0 0 1 1 2
8 1 0 0
1 8
2 1
2 4
1 9
0 1 0 1 0 2
9 0 0 0
1 1
9 2
1 2
4 1
10 0 0 0 0 0
1 1
2 10
0 1 1 1
3 10
2 3
6 4
9 11
0 1 1 1 1 1
1 6
11 1 1 1
1 1
5 11
6 5
30 36
25 12
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
10 12
0 0 1 1
1 3
12 10
3 30
100 9
13 0 0 0 0 0
1 1
13 0 0 0
1 1
13 1
1 1
1 1
14 0 1 1 0 1
1 1
1 6
14 1 1 0
1 1
1 1
6 14
6 6
36 36
36 15
0 0 0 0 0 15
0 0 0 15
16 0 0 1 1 0
1 1
4 16
0 1 0 1
1 3
16 4
3 12
16 9
17 0 0 0 1 1
1 1
4 17
0 0 0 1
1 17
4 1
4 16
1
78
18 1 0 0 1 1
1 1
5 18
1 0 0 1
18 5
1 5
25 1
19 1 0 1 1 1
1 1
6 19
1 0 0 1
19 6
1 6
36 1
20 0 1 1 1 0
1 1
1 1
7 20
0 0 0 1
1 2
20 7
2 14
49 4
21 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
9 21
1 1 0 1
1 1
5 21
9 5
45 81
25 22
0 0 1 1 1 1
1 5
22 1 0 0
1 2
22 5
2 10
25 4
23 0 0 1 1 1
1 1
5 23
0 0 0 1
1 23
5 1
5 25
1 24
0 0 1 1 0 1
1 1
5 24
0 0 0 1
1 2
24 5
2 10
25 4
25 0 1 1 0 1
1 4
25 0 0 0
1 1
2 25
4 2
8 16
4 26
0 0 0 1 1 1
1 1
1 6
26 0 1 0
1 1
1 4
26 6
4 24
36 16
27 0 0 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
7 27
1 0 0 1
1 1
4 27
7 4
28 49
16 28
0 0 0 1 1 1
1 4
28 1 0 0
1 28
4 1
4 16
1 29
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 7
29 0 0 0
1 1
2 29
7 2
14 49
4 30
1 0 1 1 1 1
1 6
30 1 0 0
1 30
6 1
6 36
1 31
0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 7
31 0 0 0
1 1
2 31
7 2
14 49
4 32
0 1 1 1 1 1
1 6
32 1 1 1
1 1
1 6
32 6
6 36
36 36
33 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 8
33 1 0 1
1 3
33 8
3 24
64 9
33 8 12 17 26 26 9
2 23
21 16
33 15 11 6
2 7
19 17 33
160 77
440 946 267
RELIABILITY 1
r 12 12 r 1 1
Interprestasi 0.54675
0.70696 r 11 0.70 Reliable
79
Appendix 2 : Validity, Reliability, and Item Quality Test Calculation
of the Instrument INDEX DIFFICULTY and DESCRIMINATION INDEX 1
Testee Skor untuk butir item nomor
Xt 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9
10 11
12 13
16 17
19 20 21
21 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 14
12 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
5 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 12
14 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 12
32 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 12
11 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
11 27
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
11 33
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 11
26 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
20 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1
1 1
1 1
9 29
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 1
1 9
31 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
9 16
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1
1 7
19 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 1
7 22
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 1
7 24
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 1
1 1
7 30
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 7
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 1
6 5
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1
6 17
7 11 9 9 15 18 5 16 2
8 6
2 16
16 14
12 14 180 18
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
1 6
23 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 1
1 6
25 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1
1 6
2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 5
4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 1
1 5
10 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 1
1 5
17 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 1
1 5
28 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 1
5 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 3
7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 3
8 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
3 9
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
3 13
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 2
15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
16 1 4 3 2 2 8 1 10
1 1
3 7
7 5
2 57
N = 33 N
1 N
2 N
3 N
4 N
5 N
7 N
8 N
9 N
10 N
11 N
12 N
13 N
16 N
17 N
19 N
20 N
21 Xt
8 15 12 11 17 26 6 26 2 9
7 2
19 23 21 17 16 237 INDEX
DIFFICULTY 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5
INTERPRETASI S C C C C M S M S
C S
S C
C C
C C
M MUDAH = 0.7-1.0 C CUKUP = 0.7-0.3
S SULIT = 0.1-0.3 DISCRIMINATI
ON INDEX 0.
3 .
4 .
3 .
4 .
8 .
6 .
2 .
3 0.
1 0.
4 0.
3 0.
1 0.
8 0.
5 0.
4 0.
4 0.
7 INTERPRESTAS
I √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ X √ √ X √ √ √ √ √
D: 0, 0 -0, 2: poor D: 0, 2 -0, 4: satisfactory
D: 0, 4 -0, 7: good
D: 0, 7 -1, 0: excellent D: negative: bad
Appendix 2 : Validity, Reliability, and Item Quality Test Calculation of the Instrument
VALIDITY 2
Testee Skor untuk butir item nomor
Xt Xt2
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
14 196
2 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
17 289
3 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 14
196 4
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 11
121 5
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 100
6 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
13 169
7 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 8
64 8
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 100
9 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100 10
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 64
11 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 14
196 12
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 64
13 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100 14
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
169 15
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 64
16 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 16
256 17
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 11
121 18
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 64
19 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 20
400
82
20 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100 21
1 1
1 1
1 5
25 22
1 1
1 1
4 16
23 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
13 169
24 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 18
324 25
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 15
225 26
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 15
225 27
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
169 28
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
169 29
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
169 30
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
14 196
31 1
1 1
1 1
5 25
32 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
15 225
33 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
7 49
34 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
15 225
35 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 14
196 36
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
169 37
1 1
1 1
1 5
25 N = 37
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13 N14 N15 N16 N17 N18 N19 N20 N21 N22 N23 Xt Xt 2
31 20 23 9 17 25 31 26 5 14 21 22 23 6
24 32 16 19 5
11 30 17 3
430 5534
P 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.1
Q 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.9
83
Appendix 2 : Validity, Reliability, and Item Quality Test
Calculation of the Instrument VALIDITY 2
Soal Mp Mt SDt
p Q
r pbi r table sig.
5 Interprestasi
1 12
12 3.8
0.8 0.2 0.11031 0.334
r pbir t Invalid 2
14 12
3.8 0.5 0.5 0.57766
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 3
13 12
3.8 0.6 0.4
0.5663 0.334
r pbir t Valid
4 11
12 3.8
0.2 0.8 -0.1587 0.334
r pbir t Invalid 5
14 12
3.8 0.5 0.5 0.67541
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 6
13 12
3.8 0.7 0.3 0.44658
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 7
12 12
3.8 0.8 0.2 0.45685
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 8
13 12
3.8 0.7 0.3 0.40115
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 9
16 12
3.8 0.1 0.9
0.4129 0.334
r pbir t Valid
10 11
12 3.8
0.4 0.6 -0.1273 0.334
r pbir t Invalid 11
13 12
3.8 0.6 0.4 0.44327
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 12
14 12
3.8 0.6 0.4 0.78518
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 13
14 12
3.8 0.6 0.4 0.75652
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 14
8.7 12
3.8 0.2 0.8 -0.3413
0.334 r pbir t Invalid
15 12
12 3.8
0.6 0.4 0.17958 0.334
r pbir t Invalid 16
12 12
3.8 0.9 0.1 0.33436
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 17
14 12
3.8 0.4 0.6 0.64535
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 18
14 12
3.8 0.5 0.5 0.76937
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 19
12 12
3.8 0.1 0.9 -0.0022
0.334 r pbir t Invalid
20 14
12 3.8
0.3 0.7 0.35961 0.334
r pbir t Valid
21 12
12 3.8
0.8 0.2 -0.0118 0.334
r pbir t Invalid 22
14 12
3.8 0.5 0.5 0.58998
0.334 r pbir t
Valid 23
16 12
3.8 0.1 0.9 0.34148
0.334 r pbir t
Valid
Appendix 2 : Validity, Reliability, and Item Quality Test Calculation of the Instrument
RELIABILITY 2
Testee Skor untuk butir item ganjil nomor:
X Testee
Skor untuk butir item genap nomor: Y
Testee Skor item bernomor
XY X2 Y2 3
5 7
9 11 13 17 23 2
6 8 12 16 18 20 22
Ganjil X Genap Y 1
1 1
1 1
4 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 1
4 8
32 16
64 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 7
2 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
7 2
7 7
49 49
49 3
1 1
1 1
1 5
3 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
3 5
6 30
25 36
4 1
1 1
3 4
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 4
3 6
18 9
36 5
1 1
2 5
1 1
1 3
5 2
3 6
4 9
6 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
6 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
6 6
6 36
36 36
7 1
1 7
1 1
2 7
1 2
2 1
4 8
1 1
1 1
1 5
8 1
1 1
1 4
8 5
4 20
25 16
9 1
1 9
1 1
1 1
4 9
1 4
4 1
16 10
1 1
1 3
10 1
1 2
10 3
2 6
9 4
11 1
1 1
1 1
5 11
1 1
1 1
4 11
5 4
20 25
16 12
1 1
1 3
12 1
1 2
12 3
2 6
9 4
13 1
1 2
13 1
1 1
1 4
13 2
4 8
4 16
14 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
14 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
14 6
6 36
36 36
15 1
1 15
1 1
1 3
15 1
3 3
1 9
16 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
16 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
7 16
6 7
42 36
49 17
1 1
2 17
1 1
1 1
4 17
2 4
8 4
16 18
1 1
18 1
1 1
3 18
1 3
3 1
9 19
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 19
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 7
19 8
7 56
64 49
85
20 1
1 20
1 1
1 1
4 20
1 4
4 1
16 21
1 1
21 1
1 21
1 1
1 1
1 22
22 1
1 22
1 1
23 1
1 2
23 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 8
23 2
8 16
4 64
24 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
7 24
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 24
7 8
56 49
64 25
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 25
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 7
25 6
7 42
36 49
26 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
26 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
26 6
6 36
36 36
27 1
1 1
1 1
5 27
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 27
5 6
30 25
36 28
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 28
1 1
1 1
4 28
6 4
24 36
16 29
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 29
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 29
6 6
36 36
36 30
1 1
1 1
1 5
30 1
1 1
1 4
30 5
4 20
25 16
31 1
1 2
31 31
2 4
32 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
32 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
7 32
6 7
42 36
49 33
1 1
33 1
1 2
33 1
2 2
1 4
34 1
1 1
1 1
5 34
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 34
5 8
40 25
64 35
1 1
1 3
35 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
35 3
6 18
9 36
36 1
1 1
1 1
5 36
1 1
1 1
1 5
36 5
5 25
25 25
37 1
1 37
1 1
37 1
1 1
1 1
X 139
Y 172
X Y
XY X2 Y2 N3 N5 N7 N9 N11 N13 N17 N23
N2 N6 N8 N12 N16 N18 N20 N22 37
139 172
778 705 988 23 17 31 5 21 23 16
3 20 25 26 22 32 19 11 17
r 12 12 r 1 1
Interprestasi 0.71033
0.83064 r 11 0.70
Reliable
86
Appendix 2 : Validity, Reliability, and Item Quality Test Calculation of the
Instrument INDEX DIFFICULTY and DESCRIMINATION INDEX 2
Testee Skor
Xt 2
3 5
6 7
8 9
11 12
13 16
17 18
20 22
23 19
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 15
24 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
15 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
14 16
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
25 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
13 32
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 13
34 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
13 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
12 6
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
12 14
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
12 26
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
12 29
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
12 3
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 11
27 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
11 23
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 28
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 36
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 4
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 9
8 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
9 N = 19
N2 N3 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N11 N12 N13 N16 N17 N18 N20 N22 N23 15
17 15
15 17
16 3
15 19
18 18
16 18
6 15
3 11
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 9
30 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
9 35
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 9
17 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
13 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
4 1
1 1
1 1
5 9
1 1
1 1
1 5
10 1
1 1
1 1
5 12
1 1
1 1
1 5
20 1
1 1
1 1
5
15 1
1 1
1 4
18 1
1 1
1 4
7 1
1 1
3 33
1 1
1 3
21 1
1 2
31 1
1 2
37 1
1 2
22 1
1 N = 18
N2 N3 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N11 N12 N13 N16 N17 N18 N20 N22 N23 5
6 2
10 14
10 2
6 3
5 14
1 5
2
N = 37 N2 N3 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9
N1 1
N1 2
N1 3
N1 6
N1 7
N1 8
N2 N2
2 N23
20 23 17 25 31 26 5 21 22 23 32 16 19 11 17 3
INDEX DIFFICULTY 0.5
4 0.6
2 0.4
6 0.6
8 0.8
4 0.7 0.1
4 0.5
7 0.5
9 0.6
2 0.8
6 0.4
3 0.5
1 0.3 0.4
6 0.08
1 INTERPRETASI
C C C C M C S C C C M C C C C S
M MUDAH = 0.7-1.0 C CUKUP = 0.7-0.3
S SULIT = 0.1-0.3 DISCRIMINATION
INDEX 0.5
1 0.5
6 0.6
8 0.2
3 0.1
2 0.2
9 0.0
5 0.4
6 0.8
3 0.6
7 0.1
7 0.8
4 0.8
9 0.0
4 0.6
8 0.15
8 INTERPRESTASI
√ √ √ √ X √ X √ √ √ √ √ √ X √ √ D: 0, 0 -0, 2: poor
D: 0, 4 -0, 7: good D: 0, 7 -1, 0: excellent
D: negative: bad
Appendix 2 : Validity, Reliability, and Item Quality Test Calculation
of the Instrument VALIDITY 3
Testee Skor untuk butir item nomor
Xt Xt2
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
1 1
1 1
3 9
2 1
1 1
3 9
3 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
36 4
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 36
5 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
36 6
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 7
49 7
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 7
49 8
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 100
9 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100 10
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 100
11 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 8
64 12
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 36
13 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100 14
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 64
15 1
1 1
16 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
7 49
17 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
7 49
18 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100 19
1 1
1 1
4 16
20 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
36 21
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 36
22 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
100 23
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 7
49 24
1 1
1 1
1 5
25 25
1 1
1 3
9 26
1 1
1 1
4 16
27 1
1 1
1 1
5 25
28 1
1 1
1 4
16 29
1 1
1 1
1 5
25 30
1 1
1 1
4 16
31 1
1 1
1 4
16 32
1 1
1 3
9
JUMLAH N=32
N1 N2
N3 N4
N5 N6
N7 N8
N9 N10
Xt Xt 2 31
21 16
21 17
29 21
9 14
16 195
1381 p
0.97 0.66 0.5 0.66 0.53 0.91 0.66 0.28 0.44 0.5 Q
0.03 0.34 0.5 0.34 0.47 0.09 0.34 0.72 0.56 0.5 Soal Mp Mt SDt
p q
r pbi r table sig. 5 Interprestasi
1 6.2 6.1
2.5 1
0.2 0.707
r pbir table Invalid 2
7.4 6.1 2.5
0.7 0.3 0.8
0.707 r pbir table
Valid 3
7.9 6.1 2.5
0.5 0.5 0.8
0.707 r pbir table
Valid 4
6.7 6.1 2.5
0.7 0.3 0.3
0.707 r pbir table Invalid
5 7.8 6.1
2.5 0.5 0.5
0.8 0.707
r pbir table Valid
6 6.3 6.1
2.5 0.9 0.1
0.2 0.707
r pbir table Invalid 7
6.2 6.1 2.5
0.7 0.3 0.1
0.707 r pbir table Invalid
8 8.9 6.1
2.5 0.3 0.7
0.7 0.707
r pbir table Valid
9 8.1 6.1
2.5 0.4 0.6
0.7 0.707
r pbir table Valid
10 7.9 6.1
2.5 0.5 0.5
0.8 0.707
r pbir table Valid
RELIABILITY 3
Testee Skor butir
ganjil X
Testee Skor butir
genap Y
Testee Skor item
bernomor XY X2 Y2 3 5 9
2 8 10 X
Y 1
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 3
0 1 0 1 3
1 0 1 2 3
1 2
2 1 4 4
0 1 1 2 4
1 1 0 2 4
2 2
4 4 4 5
0 1 1 2 5
1 1 0 2 5
2 2
4 4 4 6
1 1 1 3 6
1 0 1 2 6
3 2
6 9 4 7
1 1 1 3 7
1 0 1 2 7
3 2
6 9 4 8
1 1 1 3 8
1 1 1 3 8
3 3
9 9 9 9
1 1 1 3 9
1 1 1 3 9
3 3
9 9 9 10
1 1 1 3 10
1 1 1 3 10
3 3
9 9 9 11
1 0 1 2 11
1 1 1 3 11
2 3
6 4 9 12
0 1 0 1 12
1 0 1 2 12
1 2
2 1 4 13
1 1 1 3 13
1 1 1 3 13
3 3
9 9 9 14
1 1 0 2 14
1 0 1 2 14
2 2
4 4 4 15
0 0 0 0 15
0 0 0 0 15
0 0 0 16
1 1 1 3 16
1 0 1 2 16
3 2
6 9 4 17
1 1 1 3 17
1 0 1 2 17
3 2
6 9 4 18
1 1 1 3 18
1 1 1 3 18
3 3
9 9 9
19 0 0 0 0
19 0 0 1 1
19 1
0 0 1 20
0 1 0 1 20
1 0 0 1 20
1 1
1 1 1 21
1 0 0 1 21
1 0 0 1 21
1 1
1 1 1 22
1 1 1 3 22
1 1 1 3 22
3 3
9 9 9 23
1 1 0 2 23
1 0 1 2 23
2 2
4 4 4 24
1 0 1 2 24
0 0 0 0 24
2 0 4 0
25 0 0 0 0
25 0 0 0 0
25 0 0 0
26 0 0 0 0
26 1 0 0 1
26 1
0 0 1 27
1 0 0 1 27
0 0 0 0 27
1 0 1 0
28 0 0 0 0
28 0 0 0 0
28 0 0 0
29 0 0 0 0
29 1 0 0 1
29 1
0 0 1 30
0 0 0 0 30
0 0 0 0 30
0 0 0 31
0 0 0 0 31
0 0 0 0 31
0 0 0 32
0 0 0 0 32
0 0 0 0 32
0 0 0 N = 32
3 5 9 X
N = 32 2 8 10
Y N = 32
X Y X
Y X
2 Y
2 16 17 14 47
21 9 16 46 47
46 106 119 108 r 12 ½
r 1 1 Interprestasi
0.84029 0.91321
r 11 0.70 Reliable
INDEX DIFFICULTY and DESCRIMINATION INDEX 3
No Xt
2 3
5 8
9 10
8 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
9 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
10 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
13 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
18 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
22 1
1 1
1 1
1 6
6 1
1 1
1 1
5 7
1 1
1 1
1 5
11 1
1 1
1 1
5 16
1 1
1 1
1 5
17 1
1 1
1 1
5 4
1 1
1 1
4 5
1 1
1 1
4 14
1 1
1 1
4
23 1
1 1
1 4
3 1
1 1
3 JUMLAH N=16
N2 N3
N5 N8
N9 N10
16 13
15 9
13 14
12 1
1 1
3 20
1 1
2 21
1 1
2 24
1 1
2 19
1 1
26 1
1 27
1 1
29 1
1 1
2 15
25 28
30 31
32 JUMLAH N=16
N2 N3
N5 N8
N9 N10
5 3
2 1
2 JUMLAH N=32
N2 N3
N5 N8
N9 N10
21 16
17 9
14 16
INDEX DIFFICULTY 0.66
0.5 0.53 0.28 0.44 0.5
INTERPRETASI C
C C
C C
C M MUDAH = 0.7-1.0
C CUKUP = 0.7-0.3 S SULIT = 0.1-0.3
DISCRIMINATION INDEX 0.69 0.63 0.81 0.56 0.75 0.75
INTERPRESTASI √
√ √
√ √
√ D: 0, 0 -0, 2: poor
D: 0, 2 -0, 4: satisfactory D: 0, 4 -0, 7: good
D: 0, 7 -1, 0: excellent D: negative: bad
Appendix 3 : Instrument of the Study Pretest and Posttest
Fill in the following blanks with correct answers CINDERELLA
Long, long time ago, there lived a beautiful girl named Cinderella. Because her
parents passed away, she . . . 1 with her step mother and step sister. Cinderella was very sad every day because she . . . 2 to do the housework alone.
One day, the king wanted to find the wife for his son. He . . . 3all the beautiful
girls to come. Cinderella was very sad because her step sister did not let her go. Her sister went to the palace without Cinderella.
Luckily, The Angel came and helped Cinderella to go to the palace. In the palace,
Cinderella . . . 4with the prince. He . . . 5 in love with her; then he married her. They . . . 6happily ever after.
1. a. living
b. lived
c. live
d. lives
2. a. had
b. have
c. has
d. having
3. a. invited
b. invite
c. invites
d. inviting
4. a. dance
b. danced
c. dancing
d. dances
5. a. fall
b. falls
c. fell
d. flown
6. a. lived
b. lives
c. live
d. living
Choose one correct answer for each question 7.
Adi ………. for an hour when his mother cried him to hurry up
a. took a bath
b. had taken a bath
c. had been taking a bath
d. was taking a bath
8. After my mother ………. me a
breakfast, she woke me up a.
was cooked b.
was cooking c.
had cooked d.
had been cooking 9.
I ………. a ticket for this concert two days ago
a. had bought
b. was buying
c. bought
d. had been buying
10. I ………. while my mother was
cooking a.
washed b.
had been washing
PRETEST Nilai
Nama Kelas
Haritanggal
c. was washing
d. had washed
11. I ………. a letter for my mother
before I sent it a.
was writing b.
written c.
had written d.
had been writing 12.
Before I brought home a new bag, I ………. it to the cashier
a. had paid
b. had been paying
c. was paid
d. was paying
13. I ………. English for two years
before I went to study aboard. a.
had studied b.
had been studying c.
was studying d.
studied 14.
My mother ………. me a house a year ago.
a. gave
b. was giving
c. had given
d. had been giving
15. My telephone ………. when I was
in a toilet a.
rang b.
was ringing c.
had been ringing d.
had rung 16.
Diki ………. before he saw his baby
a. was died
b. had been dying
c. had died
d. was dying
17. Mrs. Enden ………. the home
work last week a.
do not checked b.
did not check c.
was not checking d.
had not checked 18.
Mr. Yasri ………. along the river bank when he accidentally met
some people from Asmat tribe. a.
walk b.
walked c.
was walking d.
had been walking 19.
The train finally came after I ………. for twenty minutes.
a. had waited
b. was waiting
c. waited
d. had been waiting
20. Mr. Bukhari and Mr. Arif ……….
to Tanah Abang Market two days ago.
a. went
b. had been going
c. was not going
d. had not gone
21. Mrs. Sofrida ………. from UIN in
2006 a.
had graduated b.
graduated c.
was graduating d.
had been graduating 22.
Arif ………. English for two hours when Fenti came
a. Studied
b. had studied
c. had been studying
d. was studying
23. The garden was finally clean after
I ………. all grasses for an hour a.
had been cutting b.
cut c.
was cutting d.
had cut 24.
Our team ………. the game last week
a. won
b. was winning
c. had won
d. had been winning
25. When the teacher entered the
room, the students ………. a.
were talking b.
talked c.
had been talking d.
had talked
Appendix 3 : Instrument of the Study Pretest and Posttest
Choose one correct answer for each question 1.
My telephone ………. when I was in a toilet
e. rang
f. was ringing
g. had been ringing
h. had rung
2. The train finally came after I
………. for twenty minutes. a.
had waited b.
was waiting c.
waited d.
had been waiting 3.
Before I brought home a new bag, I ………. it to the cashier
a. had paid
b. had been paying
c. was paid
d. was paying
4. Adi ………. for an hour when his
mother cried him to hurry up a.
took a bath b.
had taken a bath c.
had been taking a bath d.
was taking a bath 5.
The garden was finally clean after I ………. all grasses for an hour
a. had been cutting
b. cut
c. was cutting
d. had cut
6. I ………. a ticket for this concert
two days ago a.
had bought b.
was buying c.
bought d.
had been buying 7.
Mrs. Enden ………. the home work last week
a. do not checked
b. did not check
c. was not checking
d. had not checked
8. Arif ………. English for two hours
when Fenti came a.
Studied b.
had studied c.
had been studying d.
was studying 9.
Mr. Bukhari and Mr. Arif ………. to Tanah Abang Market
two days ago. a.
Went b.
had been going c.
was not going d.
had not gone 10.
I ………. English for two years before I went to study aboard.
a. had studied
b. had been studying
c. was studying
d. studied
11. Diki ………. before he saw his
baby a.
was died b.
had been dying c.
had died d.
was dying 12.
I ………. while my mother was cooking
a. washed
b. had been washing
c. was washing
d. had washed
13. Our team ………. the game last
week a.
Won b.
was winning c.
had won d.
had been winning 14.
After my mother ………. me a breakfast, she woke me up
a. was cooked
POSTTEST Nilai
Nama Kelas
Haritanggal
b. was cooking
c. had cooked
d. had been cooking
15. Mrs. Sofrida ………. from UIN
in 2006 a.
had graduated b.
graduated c.
was graduating d.
had been graduating 16.
Mr. Yasri ………. along the river bank when he accidentally met
some people from Asmat tribe. a.
walk b.
Walked c.
was walking d.
had been walking 17.
I ………. a letter for my mother before I sent it
a. was writing
b. written
c. had written
d. had been writing
18. When the teacher entered the
room, the students ………. a.
were talking b.
talked c.
had been talking d.
had talked 19.
My mother ………. me a house a year ago.
a. Gave
b. was giving
c. had given
d. had been giving
Fill in the following blanks with correct answers CINDERELLA
Long, long time ago, there lived a beautiful girl named Cinderella. Because
her parents passed away, she . . . 1 with her step mother and step sister. Cinderella was very sad every day because she . . . 2 to do the housework alone.
One day, the king wanted to find the wife for his son. He . . . 3 all the
beautiful girls to come. Cinderella was very sad because her step sister did not let her go. Her sister went to the palace without Cinderella.
Luckily, The Angel came and helped Cinderella to go to the palace. In the
palace, Cinderella . . . 4 with the prince. He . . . 5 in love with her; then he married her. They . . . 6 happily ever after.
20. a. living
e. lived
f. live
g. lives
21. a. had
e. have
f. has
g. having
22. a. invited
b. invite
c. Invites
d. inviting
23. a. dance
b. danced
c. dancing
d. dances
24. a. fall
b. falls
c. fell
d. flown
25. a. lived
b. lives
c. live
d. living
Appendix 4 : The Scores of Students’ Tests in the
Experimental X and Control Classes Y
NIS X
Pretest X
Posttest X
Gained Score X
NIS Y
Pretest Y
Posttest Y
Gained Score Y
1 48
84 36
1 48
68 20
2 32
92 60
2 60
76 16
3 32
96 64
3 24
68 44
4 40
96 56
4 28
36 8
5 24
68 44
5 60
72 12
6 44
92 48
6 56
68 12
7 40
96 56
7 60
84 24
8 56
80 24
8 21
28 7
9 24
88 64
9 52
80 28
10 68
100 32
10 40
80 40
11 32
84 52
11 64
68 4
12 36
92 56
12 60
72 12
13 44
72 28
13 64
84 20
14 52
96 44
14 48
72 24
15 16
68 52
15 24
76 52
16 36
84 48
16 56
84 28
17 44
96 52
17 52
84 32
18 56
100 44
18 64
84 20
19 28
96 68
19 60
80 20
20 56
88 32
20 24
40 16
21 48
96 48
21 52
76 24
22 48
48 22
56 72
16 23
40 96
56 23
56 52
-4 24
52 92
40 24
32 68
36 25
76 84
8 25
36 64
28
26 28
92 64
26 24
84 60
27 20
48 28
27 52
76 24
28 20
76 56
28 52
92 40
29 32
88 56
29 48
56 8
30 24
92 68
30 52
56 4
31 44
92 48
31 36
72 36
32 32
84 52
32 64
92 28
33 32
96 64
33 60
60 34
56 96
40 34
52 44
-8 35
52 84
32 35
52 76
24 36
44 96
52 36
36 40
4 37
56 88
32 37
52 68
16 40.86 86.92
46.05 48.03 68.97
20.95
Appendix 5 : Table Resulted from Data Normality Calculation
NORMALITY DATA CALCULATION: EXPERIMENTAL CLASS
nX X
F p=fn
p X2
Xrata s2
s z
ɸ a1=
ɸ− pbwh a2 = p-ɸ 1
48 1
0.0263 0.026 2304
86.42 156.13 12.4953 -3.1 0.0011
0.0011 0.02521579
2 48
1 0.0263 0.053
2304 86.42
-3.1 0.0011
-0.0252158 0.05153158
3 68
1 0.0263 0.079
4624 86.42
-1.5 0.0708
0.0181684 0.00814737
4 68
1 0.0263 0.105
4624 86.42
-1.5 0.0708
-0.0081474 0.03446316
5 72
1 0.0263 0.132
5184 86.42
-1.2 0.1251
0.0198368 0.00647895
6 76
1 0.0263 0.158
5776 86.42
-0.8 0.2033
0.0717211 0.0454053
7 80
1 0.0263 0.184
6400 86.42
-0.5 0.305
0.1471053 0.1207895
8 84
1 0.0263 0.211
7056 86.42
-0.2 0.4247
0.2404895 0.2141737
9 84
1 0.0263 0.237
7056 86.42
-0.2 0.4247
0.2141737 0.1878579
10 84
1 0.0263 0.263
7056 86.42
-0.2 0.4247
0.1878579 0.1615421
11 84
1 0.0263 0.289
7056 86.42
-0.2 0.4247
0.1615421 0.1352263
12 84
1 0.0263 0.316
7056 86.42
-0.2 0.4247
0.1352263 0.1089105
13 84
1 0.0263 0.342
7056 86.42
-0.2 0.4247
0.1089105 0.0825947
14 88
1 0.0263 0.368
7744 86.42
0.13 0.5517
0.2095947 0.1832789
15 88
1 0.0263 0.395
7744 86.42
0.13 0.5517
0.1832789 0.1569632
16 88
1 0.0263 0.421
7744 86.42
0.13 0.5517
0.1569632 0.1306474
17 88
1 0.0263 0.447
7744 86.42
0.13 0.5517
0.1306474 0.1043316
18 92
1 0.0263 0.474
8464 86.42
0.45 0.6736
0.2262316 0.1999158
19 92
1 0.0263
0.5 8464
86.42 0.45
0.6736 0.1999158
0.1736 20
92 1
0.0263 0.526 8464
86.42 0.45
0.6736 0.1736
0.1472842 21
92 1
0.0263 0.553 8464
86.42 0.45
0.6736 0.1472842
0.1209684
99
22 92
1 0.0263 0.579
8464 86.42
0.45 0.6736
0.1209684 0.0946526
23 92
1 0.0263 0.605
8464 86.42
0.45 0.6736
0.0946526 0.0683368
24 92
1 0.0263 0.632
8464 86.42
0.45 0.6736
0.0683368 0.0420211
25 96
1 0.0263 0.658
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
0.1478211 0.1215053
26 96
1 0.0263 0.684
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
0.1215053 0.0951895
27 96
1 0.0263 0.711
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
0.0951895 0.0688737
28 96
1 0.0263 0.737
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
0.0688737 0.0425579
29 96
1 0.0263 0.763
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
0.0425579 0.0162421
30 96
1 0.0263 0.789
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
0.0162421 0.01007368
31 96
1 0.0263 0.816
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
-0.0100737 0.03638947
32 96
1 0.0263 0.842
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
-0.0363895 0.06270526
33 96
1 0.0263 0.868
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
-0.0627053 0.08902105
34 96
1 0.0263 0.895
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
-0.0890211 0.11533684
35 96
1 0.0263 0.921
9216 86.42
0.77 0.7794
-0.1153368 0.14165263
36 100
1 0.0263 0.947
10000 86.42
1.09 0.8621
-0.0589526 0.08526842
37 100
1 0.0263 0.974
10000 86.42
1.09 0.8621
-0.0852684 0.11158421
3216 285152
NORMALITY DATA CALCULATION: CONTROL CLASS
nY Y
F p=fn
p Y2
Xrata s2
s z
ɸ a1=
ɸ− pbwh a2 = p-ɸ 1
28 1
0.027 0.027
784 68.97 246.58 15.7029 -2.6
0.0045 0.0045 0.02252703
2 36
1 0.027
0.054 1296
68.97 -2.1
0.0179 -0.009127 0.03615405
3 40
1 0.027
0.081 1600
68.97 -1.8
0.0322 -0.0218541 0.04888108
4 40
1 0.027
0.108 1600
68.97 -1.8
0.0322 -0.0488811 0.07590811
100
5 44
1 0.027
0.135 1936
68.97 -1.6
0.0559 -0.0522081 0.07923514
6 52
1 0.027
0.162 2704
68.97 -1.1
0.1401 0.0049649 0.02206216
7 56
1 0.027
0.189 3136
68.97 -0.8
0.2033 0.0411378
0.0141108 8
56 1
0.027 0.216
3136 68.97
-0.8 0.2033
0.0141108 0.01291622 9
60 1
0.027 0.243
3600 68.97
-0.6 0.2843
0.0680838 0.0410568
10 64
1 0.027
0.27 4096
68.97 -0.3
0.3745 0.1312568
0.1042297 11
68 1
0.027 0.297
4624 68.97
-0.1 0.4761
0.2058297 0.1788027
12 68
1 0.027
0.324 4624
68.97 -0.1
0.4761 0.1788027
0.1517757 13
68 1
0.027 0.351
4624 68.97
-0.1 0.4761
0.1517757 0.1247486
14 68
1 0.027
0.378 4624
68.97 -0.1
0.4761 0.1247486
0.0977216 15
68 1
0.027 0.405
4624 68.97
-0.1 0.4761
0.0977216 0.0706946
16 68
1 0.027
0.432 4624
68.97 -0.1
0.4761 0.0706946
0.0436676 17
72 1
0.027 0.459
5184 68.97
0.19 0.5753
0.1428676 0.1158405
18 72
1 0.027
0.486 5184
68.97 0.19
0.5753 0.1158405
0.0888135 19
72 1
0.027 0.514
5184 68.97
0.19 0.5753
0.0888135 0.0617865
20 72
1 0.027
0.541 5184
68.97 0.19
0.5753 0.0617865
0.0347595 21
72 1
0.027 0.568
5184 68.97
0.19 0.5753
0.0347595 0.0077324
22 76
1 0.027
0.595 5776
68.97 0.45
0.6736 0.1060324
0.0790054 23
76 1
0.027 0.622
5776 68.97
0.45 0.6736
0.0790054 0.0519784
24 76
1 0.027
0.649 5776
68.97 0.45
0.6736 0.0519784
0.0249514 25
76 1
0.027 0.676
5776 68.97
0.45 0.6736
0.0249514 0.00207568 26
76 1
0.027 0.703
5776 68.97
0.45 0.6736
-0.0020757 0.0291027
27 80
1 0.027
0.73 6400
68.97 0.7
0.758 0.0552973
0.0282703 28
80 1
0.027 0.757
6400 68.97
0.7 0.758
0.0282703 0.0012432
29 80
1 0.027
0.784 6400
68.97 0.7
0.758 0.0012432 0.02578378
101
30 84
1 0.027
0.811 7056
68.97 0.96
0.8315 0.0477162
0.0206892 31
84 1
0.027 0.838
7056 68.97
0.96 0.8315
0.0206892 0.00633784 32
84 1
0.027 0.865
7056 68.97
0.96 0.8315
-0.0063378 0.03336486 33
84 1
0.027 0.892
7056 68.97
0.96 0.8315
-0.0333649 0.06039189 34
84 1
0.027 0.919
7056 68.97
0.96 0.8315
-0.0603919 0.08741892 35
84 1
0.027 0.946
7056 68.97
0.96 0.8315
-0.0874189 0.11444595 36
92 1
0.027 0.973
8464 68.97
1.47 0.9292
-0.0167459 0.04377297 37
92 1
0.027 1
8464 68.97
1.47 0.9292
-0.043773 0.0708
2552 184896
102
Appendix 6 : Data of Students’ Opinion Resulted from an
Interview INTERVIEW
Questions for the interviewees who get high gained score:
Questions for the interviewees who get low gained score:
―Look Your past tense score increases so high. So, do you feel
motivated to learn past tense using CALL? Why? And, do you feel easy
to understand past tense using CALL? Why?
―Look Your past tense score increases just a little. So, don‘t you feel
motivated to learn past tense using CALL? Why? And, don‘t you feel easy
to understand past tense using CALL? Why?
The following is a summary of student ‘s answers for the interview questions.
Appendix 6 : Data of
Students’ Opinion Resulted from an Interview
INTERVIEW
Questions for the interviewees who get high gained score:
Questions for the interviewees who get low gained score:
―Look Your past tense score increases so high. So, do you feel
motivated to learn past tense using CALL? Why? And, do you feel easy
to understand past tense using CALL? Why?
―Look Your past tense score increases just a little. So, don‘t you feel
motivated to learn past tense using CALL? Why? And, don‘t you feel easy
to understand past tense using CALL? Why?
The following is a summary of student‘s answers for the interview questions.
Appendix 7 : Lesson Plan RPP
RANCANGAN PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN RPP UNTUK KELAS EKSPERIMEN
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris Narrative text: Past Tense
KelasSemester : X2
Pertemuan Ke : 1satu
Alokasi Waktu : 2 x 45 Menit
Standar Kompetensi : 12.
Mengungkapkan makna dalam bentuk teks tulis fungsional pendek dan esei sederhana berbentuk narrative, descriptive dan news item dalam
konteks kehidupan sehari-hari
Kompetensi Dasar :
12.2. Mengungkapkan makna dan langkah retorika dalam esei sederhana secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dalam
teks berbentuk narrative
Indikator :
12.2.1. Mengidentifikasi jenis structure kalimat teks narrative
12.2.2. Membuat pola structure kalimat past tense simple past, past
continuous, past perfect, and perfect continuous tense 12.2.3.
Membedakan jenis-jenis pola structure kalimat past tense dan artinya
12.2.4. Menentukan kata kerja past tense yang tepat untuk melenkapi
kalimat rumpang 12.2.5.
Melengkapi kalimat dengan menggunakan kata kerja past tense yang tepat
12.2.6. Mengubah kalimat past tense positif menjadi kalimat negative dan
interogatif Tujuan Pembelajaran :
Setelah kegiatan pembelajaran, siswa di harapkan mampu menggunakan structure kalimat past tense yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat yang rumpang.
Siswa juga diharapkan mampu menulis kalimat dengan menggunakan pola past tense yang tepat.