Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus Di Pelabuhan Belawan...
ASPEK-ASPEK HUKUM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA
PELAYARAN NIAGA NASIONAL
(Studi Kasus di Pelabuhan Belawan – Medan)
TESIS
Oleh :
Hasim Purba
Nim : 992105047
Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum/Hukum Bisnis
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2001
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007
I N T I S A R I
ASPEK-ASPEK HUKUM PENGEMBAGAN USAHA PELAYARAN NIAGA NASIONAL
(Studi Kasus di Pelabuhan Belawan – Medan)
Hasim Purba *)
Mustafa Siregar**)
Amiruddin A. Wahab***)
Muhammad Abduh **)
Usaha pelayaran niaga memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam perdagangan
baik nasional maupun internasional. Apalagi kondisi objektif wilayah Indonesia sebagai
negara maritim (kepulauan) maka untuk angkutan barang-barang kebutuhan umumnya
mayoritas diangkut d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n t r a n s p o r t a s i l a u t m e l a l u i k e g i a t a n
u s a h a pelayaran niaga.
Lebih jauh lagi peran dan fungsi pelay aran niaga nasional mampunyai
posisi yang strategis dalam rangka melancarkan mobilitas penduduk, arus barang dan jasa
serta informasi keseluruh penjuru tanah a i r , s e h i n g g a m e m p e r l a n c a r r o d a
p e r e k o n o m i a n , m e m p e r k o k o h kesatuan dan persatuan bangsa dalam rangka
perwujudan wawasan nusantara serta peningkatan ketahanan nasional.
D a l a m r a n g k a m e m b a n g u n d a n m e n g e m b a n g k a n u s a h a pelayaran niaga
nasional, maka salah satu aspek yang perlu mendapat perhatian adalah aspek hukum.
Sebab tanpa adanya perangkat hukum nasional yang menjadi landasan dan arah
kebijakan pembangunan bidang pelayaran, maka tidak mungkin dapat terwujud suatu
kondisi kehidupan usaha pelayaran niaga yang efektif dan mampu bersaing dengan
pengusaha asing khususnya dalam era globalisasi saat ini. Berbagai produk hukum
dan kebijakan yang diambil pemerintah dalam bidang pelayaran selama ini dirasakan
belum dapat memberikan suatu iklim yang kondusif untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan usaha pelayaran niaga nasional.
Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaturan tentang kegiatan usaha
pelayaran niaga nasional, peranan kebijakan peraturan hukum yang dikeluarkan
pemerintah untuk mendukung pengembangan usaha pelayaran niaga nasional dan hal-hal
apa yang menjadi kendala dalam upaya pengembangan usaha pelayaran niaga nasional
serta langkah-Iangkah apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala
tersebut. Lokasi penelitian di pelabuhan Belawan-Medan.
*) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
* * ) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
***) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syahkuala, Banda Aceh
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007
R e s p o n d e n / s a m p e l d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i t e n t u k a n s e c a r a p u r p o s s i v e . D at a
dipero leh melalui studi doku men, wawan ca r a d a n k u e s s i o n e r y an g s e l a n j u t n y a
d i a n a l i s i s s e c a r a k u a l i t a t i f . P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r s i f a t d e s k r i p t i f analitis dengan
pendekatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis sosiologis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara yuridis pengaturan
kegiatan usaha pelayaran niaga nasional telah ada sejak zaman
penjajahan Belanda, yang mana beberapa ketentuan peninggalan
pemerintah kolonial tersebut tetap diberlakukan sampai diberlakukannya U U
No.
21
Tahun
1992
tentang
Pelayaran.
Dalam
kebijakan
p e mb a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l , s e k t o r p e mb a n g u n a n a n g k u t a n l a u t ( p e l a y a r a n ) t e t a p
mendap at perhatian, namun dalam aplikasiny a dalam b erbagai kebijakan
peraturan hukum terkadang dirasakan adanya peraturan yang k u r a n g t e p a t ,
mengenai hambatan-hambatan yang dirasakan dalam pengembangan usaha
p e l a y a r a n n i a g a a n t a r a l a i n t e r l a l u m u d a h n y a p e mb e ri an izin b aru ak ib at
d e r e g u l a s i y an g t e r l a l u l u a s ; p e r s a i n ga n tari f y a n g t i d a k s e h a t a n t a r a
s e s a m a p e r u s a h a a n p e l a y a r a n d a n m a s i h ditemukannya hambatan
operasional di pelabuhan seperti kurangnya sar an a d an p rasaran a
p e l a b u h a n , s e r t a k o r d i n a s i y a n g t e r k a d a n g kurang baik di antara berbagai
pihak terkait.
Kata-kata kunci : A s p e k - a s p e k h u k u m p e n g e m b a n g a n
usaha pelayaran niaga.
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007
AB ST RA C T
L A W A S P E C T S D E V E L O P M E N T O F N A T I O N A L MERCHANT
SHIPPING BUSINESS
(Case Study at Belawan Harbour – Medan)
Hasim Purba *)
Mustafa Siregar**)
Amiruddin A. Wahab***)
Muhammad Abduh **)
Merchant shipping business has a very important role in either national or
international trade. Moreover, Indonesia as an archipelago or maritime country therefore
needs to be mostly of goods are transported using sea transportation through
merchant shipping business activity. Further, the role and function of national merchant
shipping has the more strategic in making the smoothness of goods flow of population
mobility and service as well as information for all over the regions. It wills speed-up the
wheel of economical, strengthen unity of nation in the creation of the archipelago concept
as well as the promotion of national defense.
In order to develop national merchant shipping business, law aspect as one of the
aspects should be as the attention. Without national law as the basic foundation and
direction for development policy in merchant shipping, it will not possibly to create one
effective m e r c h a n t s h i p p i n g b u s i n e s s a n d c o m p e t i t i v e l y w i t h f o r e i g n
businessmen, especially in such as this globalization era. Variety law products and policy
taken recently by government in merchant shipping has not given conducive climate
for supporting the growth and development of national merchant shipping business.
This research is done in order to know the regulation about national merchant
shipping business activity, the role of governing law policy issued by government to support
the development of national merchant shipping. Moreover, it is intended to know the
hindrances and obstacles found in merchant shipping as well as the steps performed to
overcome such as the situation. The location of this research is at Belawan – Medan.
The respondents/sample are determined purposively. The data is obtained through
document study, interview and questioner which are then analyzed qualitatively. This is
descriptive -analytical research with normative – yuridicative and sosiological-yuridical
approach.
*)
**)
**)
Faculty
of
Law,
North
Sumatera
University,
Faculty
of
Law,
North
Sumatera
University,
Faculty of Law, Syahkuala University, Banda Aceh.
Medan.
Medan.
Juridical, the result of research shows that the governing of national merchant
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007
shipping business activity has been available since the colony of Dutch. Some clauses
derived from Dutch colony were constantly used until the prevailation of
constitution No. 21 of 1992 about th e merchant sh ipp ing . In nation al
d ev elop men t policy , the merchant shipping sector is alway s as the attention.
However, its application in variety of governing law policy is inappropriate. The
obstacles found are such as the ease for getting new license as the effect of too
wide deregulation; unhealthy tariff competition among merchant shipping
businesses, less of facilities and infrastructures and less of coordination from related parties.
Key Words: Development Law Aspects of Merchant Shipping
Business.
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007
PELAYARAN NIAGA NASIONAL
(Studi Kasus di Pelabuhan Belawan – Medan)
TESIS
Oleh :
Hasim Purba
Nim : 992105047
Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum/Hukum Bisnis
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2001
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007
I N T I S A R I
ASPEK-ASPEK HUKUM PENGEMBAGAN USAHA PELAYARAN NIAGA NASIONAL
(Studi Kasus di Pelabuhan Belawan – Medan)
Hasim Purba *)
Mustafa Siregar**)
Amiruddin A. Wahab***)
Muhammad Abduh **)
Usaha pelayaran niaga memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam perdagangan
baik nasional maupun internasional. Apalagi kondisi objektif wilayah Indonesia sebagai
negara maritim (kepulauan) maka untuk angkutan barang-barang kebutuhan umumnya
mayoritas diangkut d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n t r a n s p o r t a s i l a u t m e l a l u i k e g i a t a n
u s a h a pelayaran niaga.
Lebih jauh lagi peran dan fungsi pelay aran niaga nasional mampunyai
posisi yang strategis dalam rangka melancarkan mobilitas penduduk, arus barang dan jasa
serta informasi keseluruh penjuru tanah a i r , s e h i n g g a m e m p e r l a n c a r r o d a
p e r e k o n o m i a n , m e m p e r k o k o h kesatuan dan persatuan bangsa dalam rangka
perwujudan wawasan nusantara serta peningkatan ketahanan nasional.
D a l a m r a n g k a m e m b a n g u n d a n m e n g e m b a n g k a n u s a h a pelayaran niaga
nasional, maka salah satu aspek yang perlu mendapat perhatian adalah aspek hukum.
Sebab tanpa adanya perangkat hukum nasional yang menjadi landasan dan arah
kebijakan pembangunan bidang pelayaran, maka tidak mungkin dapat terwujud suatu
kondisi kehidupan usaha pelayaran niaga yang efektif dan mampu bersaing dengan
pengusaha asing khususnya dalam era globalisasi saat ini. Berbagai produk hukum
dan kebijakan yang diambil pemerintah dalam bidang pelayaran selama ini dirasakan
belum dapat memberikan suatu iklim yang kondusif untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan usaha pelayaran niaga nasional.
Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaturan tentang kegiatan usaha
pelayaran niaga nasional, peranan kebijakan peraturan hukum yang dikeluarkan
pemerintah untuk mendukung pengembangan usaha pelayaran niaga nasional dan hal-hal
apa yang menjadi kendala dalam upaya pengembangan usaha pelayaran niaga nasional
serta langkah-Iangkah apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala
tersebut. Lokasi penelitian di pelabuhan Belawan-Medan.
*) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
* * ) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
***) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syahkuala, Banda Aceh
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007
R e s p o n d e n / s a m p e l d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i t e n t u k a n s e c a r a p u r p o s s i v e . D at a
dipero leh melalui studi doku men, wawan ca r a d a n k u e s s i o n e r y an g s e l a n j u t n y a
d i a n a l i s i s s e c a r a k u a l i t a t i f . P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r s i f a t d e s k r i p t i f analitis dengan
pendekatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis sosiologis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara yuridis pengaturan
kegiatan usaha pelayaran niaga nasional telah ada sejak zaman
penjajahan Belanda, yang mana beberapa ketentuan peninggalan
pemerintah kolonial tersebut tetap diberlakukan sampai diberlakukannya U U
No.
21
Tahun
1992
tentang
Pelayaran.
Dalam
kebijakan
p e mb a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l , s e k t o r p e mb a n g u n a n a n g k u t a n l a u t ( p e l a y a r a n ) t e t a p
mendap at perhatian, namun dalam aplikasiny a dalam b erbagai kebijakan
peraturan hukum terkadang dirasakan adanya peraturan yang k u r a n g t e p a t ,
mengenai hambatan-hambatan yang dirasakan dalam pengembangan usaha
p e l a y a r a n n i a g a a n t a r a l a i n t e r l a l u m u d a h n y a p e mb e ri an izin b aru ak ib at
d e r e g u l a s i y an g t e r l a l u l u a s ; p e r s a i n ga n tari f y a n g t i d a k s e h a t a n t a r a
s e s a m a p e r u s a h a a n p e l a y a r a n d a n m a s i h ditemukannya hambatan
operasional di pelabuhan seperti kurangnya sar an a d an p rasaran a
p e l a b u h a n , s e r t a k o r d i n a s i y a n g t e r k a d a n g kurang baik di antara berbagai
pihak terkait.
Kata-kata kunci : A s p e k - a s p e k h u k u m p e n g e m b a n g a n
usaha pelayaran niaga.
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007
AB ST RA C T
L A W A S P E C T S D E V E L O P M E N T O F N A T I O N A L MERCHANT
SHIPPING BUSINESS
(Case Study at Belawan Harbour – Medan)
Hasim Purba *)
Mustafa Siregar**)
Amiruddin A. Wahab***)
Muhammad Abduh **)
Merchant shipping business has a very important role in either national or
international trade. Moreover, Indonesia as an archipelago or maritime country therefore
needs to be mostly of goods are transported using sea transportation through
merchant shipping business activity. Further, the role and function of national merchant
shipping has the more strategic in making the smoothness of goods flow of population
mobility and service as well as information for all over the regions. It wills speed-up the
wheel of economical, strengthen unity of nation in the creation of the archipelago concept
as well as the promotion of national defense.
In order to develop national merchant shipping business, law aspect as one of the
aspects should be as the attention. Without national law as the basic foundation and
direction for development policy in merchant shipping, it will not possibly to create one
effective m e r c h a n t s h i p p i n g b u s i n e s s a n d c o m p e t i t i v e l y w i t h f o r e i g n
businessmen, especially in such as this globalization era. Variety law products and policy
taken recently by government in merchant shipping has not given conducive climate
for supporting the growth and development of national merchant shipping business.
This research is done in order to know the regulation about national merchant
shipping business activity, the role of governing law policy issued by government to support
the development of national merchant shipping. Moreover, it is intended to know the
hindrances and obstacles found in merchant shipping as well as the steps performed to
overcome such as the situation. The location of this research is at Belawan – Medan.
The respondents/sample are determined purposively. The data is obtained through
document study, interview and questioner which are then analyzed qualitatively. This is
descriptive -analytical research with normative – yuridicative and sosiological-yuridical
approach.
*)
**)
**)
Faculty
of
Law,
North
Sumatera
University,
Faculty
of
Law,
North
Sumatera
University,
Faculty of Law, Syahkuala University, Banda Aceh.
Medan.
Medan.
Juridical, the result of research shows that the governing of national merchant
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007
shipping business activity has been available since the colony of Dutch. Some clauses
derived from Dutch colony were constantly used until the prevailation of
constitution No. 21 of 1992 about th e merchant sh ipp ing . In nation al
d ev elop men t policy , the merchant shipping sector is alway s as the attention.
However, its application in variety of governing law policy is inappropriate. The
obstacles found are such as the ease for getting new license as the effect of too
wide deregulation; unhealthy tariff competition among merchant shipping
businesses, less of facilities and infrastructures and less of coordination from related parties.
Key Words: Development Law Aspects of Merchant Shipping
Business.
Hasim Purba : Aspek-Aspek Hukum Pengembangan Usaha Pelayaran Niaga Nasional (Studi Kasus…, 2001
USU Repository © 2007