32 made an Emancipation Proclamation freeing all African-American slaves in 1863,
during the American Civil War, it was not until 1865 that it was enforced in many of the Southern States. Therefore, in 1930s, African-Americans had only been free
citizens for sixty-five years.
D. Theoretical Framework
In doing this study, the researcher combines some theories that have been reviewed previously in order to guide the researcher in doing the analysis. In
theoretical description, the researcher uses some theories in conducting the research. Those theories are theory of character and characterization, theory of
personality development, and factors that influence children personality development. In analyzing Scout‘s character, the researcher uses theory of
character and characterization from Murphy‘s, Klarer‘s, Abrams‘, and Holdman‘s. The character analysis only uses some aspects consisting of: personal description,
speech, conversation of others, reactions, and thought. Since the focus of the study is analyzing personality development on Scout characters in the novel, the
researcher uses the theory of Erik Erikson about psychosocial stages development based on Scout character and characterization. This theory helps the researcher to
analyze the psychosocial stages development of Scout character. The researcher also gives the review of related studies. The first belongs to
Pandansari 2007 that focuses on the Blacks and the Whites‘ relation. The researcher uses this review because the racism situation which happened in
Scout‘s environment has influenced her personality development.
33 The second belongs to Sabdono 2000. This review focuses on Atticus
motivation in defending Tom Tobinson. Atticus‘s motivation also influences Scout in developing her personality development. Besides that, the researcher also
gives the review about background of Blacks in American society that includes the information about what happened in Alabama, Maycomb in 1930s which has
connection with Sco ut‘s personality development.
34
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts that are needed to give the reader more understanding about the study, namely the object of the study, the approach of the
study and the method of the study. The object of the study describes physical description of the novel and brief summary of what generally the novel talks
about. The approach of the study presents the appropriate approach that is used in this study to analyze the object of the study. The method of the study describes the
steps taken in analyzing the work, from reading up to reporting the finding.
A. Object of the Study
The object of the study is a novel entitled To Kill a Mockingbird which is written by Nelle Harper Lee. It tells about racism which happened in 1930s
between the Whites and the African Americans. The story started when Atticus Finch, a lawyer who belonged to The Whites who helped Tom Robinson, an
African American who wa s accused of raping a white young girl. Atticus‘
willingness to be Tom‘s lawyer automatically gave him many mockeries from
The Whites. The case made him labeled as a ‗nigger lover‘.
Atticus had two children, Jem and Scout. In this novel, Scout, a six-year- old young girl became the narrator to the readers. Based on Scout‘s view, readers
could know what actually happened in South America in 1930s where racism
