36 The theory used in conducting this study was the theory of Erikson on
eight psy chosocial stages of development analysis. Erikson‘s theory is considered
to be the most suitable approach because the researcher intended to reveal about the changes in the Scout‘s personality development. In this case, the changes of
Scout‘s personality are caused by her social experiences in facing her surroundings.
C. Method of the Study
In analyzing this study, the researcher applied a library research method because the sources were taken from the printed books. The data and the
references in this research were gathered from books, encyclopedia, journals, and some on-line references. The primary source which was used for this research was
the novel entitled To Kill a Mockingbird. The secondary sources were books about literature and child psychology.
In analyzing the novel, there were some steps applied. First, the researcher started to read the English version of the novel many times in order to get deep
understanding about the content of the novel. Second, the researcher decided what aspects which are analyzed in the novel. At this point, the researcher needed many
times to read the novel again. Since the researcher analyzed about children‘s
personality development, the researcher tried to find several sources from books and e
lectronic sources about the factors which influence children‘s personality development. From this step, the researcher was interested in analyzing the
37 personality development of Scout as the main character based on the social
condition which happens in Alabama 1930s. Third, the researcher looked for the psychosocial theories and some
additional theories used in analyzing Scout ‘s character. They are theory of
personality development by Erikson as cited in Papalia, Olds, and Feldman 2007 and Feist and Feist 2006, some
factors influencing children‘s personality development by Papalia et al 2007, and theory of character and characterization
by Murphy 1972. As the validation of the analysis, the researcher asked an expert of Psychology who is a lecturer in Psychology Department at Sanata
Dharma University. Fourth, since the study focuses on the psychological aspects of the character in the novel, the researcher chose the psychosocial approach as
the mean to analyze the novel To Kill A Mockingbird. Fifth, those theories were applied in order to analyze Scouts personality
development in experiencing her life. In this step, the researcher tried to identify the aspects which support and influence Scout‘s personality development.
Moreover, the researcher tried to relate some evidences which will be found in the novel in order to know what was behind her changes. The last step was drawing a
conclusion. The conclusion contains of the findings in the analysis that is presented in this study.
38
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
