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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts that are needed to give the reader more understanding about the study, namely the object of the study, the approach of the
study and the method of the study. The object of the study describes physical description of the novel and brief summary of what generally the novel talks
about. The approach of the study presents the appropriate approach that is used in this study to analyze the object of the study. The method of the study describes the
steps taken in analyzing the work, from reading up to reporting the finding.
A. Object of the Study
The object of the study is a novel entitled To Kill a Mockingbird which is written by Nelle Harper Lee. It tells about racism which happened in 1930s
between the Whites and the African Americans. The story started when Atticus Finch, a lawyer who belonged to The Whites who helped Tom Robinson, an
African American who wa s accused of raping a white young girl. Atticus‘
willingness to be Tom‘s lawyer automatically gave him many mockeries from
The Whites. The case made him labeled as a ‗nigger lover‘.
Atticus had two children, Jem and Scout. In this novel, Scout, a six-year- old young girl became the narrator to the readers. Based on Scout‘s view, readers
could know what actually happened in South America in 1930s where racism
35 issues did exist. She got much knowledge from every single thing around her who
helped her to be tolerant to and respect others. All of the knowledge she got had influenced her personality development.
A hardcover edition of To Kill a Mockingbird was originally published on July 11, 1960 by J.B. Lippincott Company in Philadelphia. The copyright of To
Kill a Mockingbird was published by Harper Collins Publisher and was printed in United States of America. The novel was awarded by the Pulitzer Prize in Letters
on May 1, 1961. The genre of this novel is a social drama. The tense used in the novel is past tense. The setting of place and time in the novel is a fictional town of
Maycomb, Alabama, Southern State of America in 1933-1935. The novel consists of 31 chapters and 287 pages.
B. Approach of the Study
The purpose of the study is to find out the developmen t of Scout‘s
personality. To achieve this purpose, the researcher used psychological approach. Psychological approach is an approach that fits best to analyze the novel in this
study. Since psychological approach has many varieties, the researcher chose Erikson
‘s theory about the specific psychosocial aspect to analyze the data. This psychosocial aspect was chosen to analyze the novel because this study dealt with
psychological aspects in human thoughts and behavior. According to Rohrberger and Woods Jr 1971, the psychological approach is an approach that uses
psychological theories to explain human motivation, personality, and behavior written in literary object pp.13-15.
36 The theory used in conducting this study was the theory of Erikson on
eight psy chosocial stages of development analysis. Erikson‘s theory is considered
to be the most suitable approach because the researcher intended to reveal about the changes in the Scout‘s personality development. In this case, the changes of
Scout‘s personality are caused by her social experiences in facing her surroundings.
C. Method of the Study
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