Education Language Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The participants were expected to give feedback and suggestions to improve the instructional
materials. Thus, those feedback and suggestions were needed to make some revisions of the instructional materials.
In order to obtain the data, the writer considered the respondents’ educational background for the sake of data validity. Therefore, the following table
was created in order to manage the justification of the experts’ qualifications.
Sex Educational Background
Teaching experience in years
Respondents Female Male
D3 S1 S2 1 1-5 6-10
10
B. Research Instruments
This study used two kinds of instruments which conducted in pre-design study and post-design study.
1. Pre-design Study
In the pre-design study, the writer applied the first step of R and D cycle, that is, Research and Information Collecting. The writer used two instruments in this
section. The first was an interview. There are two kinds of interviews according to Ary et al 1979: 174. The first is a structure interview in which the respondents are
Table 3.1: The Description of Post-design Participants
restricted to answer only on the questions attached. The questions in this type of interviews are called closed-questions. The other kind of interviews is called
unstructured interview. The unstructured interview is more flexible and informal. The respondents may give the answers freely. The questions which are used in this
interview are called open-ended questions.
The interview which was used in this pre-design study was the unstructured interview. The interviewer interviewed the interviewee and they could answer the
questions freely. Besides, the interviewee could also give his views, opinions, or add some information. Thus, the purpose of this interview was to find about the students’
characteristics, the learning activities, the students’ needs, lacks, and interests. The second instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. According to
Ary et al 2002: 175, there are two types of questionnaires, namely open-form questionnaire or unstructured questionnaire and closed-form questionnaire or
structured questionnaire. An open-form questionnaire or unstructured questionnaire is a questionnaire which does not provide the suggested answer for the participants.
While a closed-form questionnaire or structured questionnaire is a questionnaire which gives the participants some alternatives to answer. In other words, the
participants are not freely to give the answers. In the pre-design study, the writer used a closed-form questionnaire to obtain
the data. Therefore, the writer gave the questionnaire to the tenth grade students of SMA BOPKRI I Yogyakarta to find out their difficulties in reading English texts and
the interesting topics for the students.
2. Post-design Study
