THE ACQUISITION OF SPEECH PATTERN BY TWO-YEAR-OLD KARONESE GIRLS.

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THE ACQUISITION OF SPEECH PATTERN

BY TWO-YEAR-OLD KARONESE GIRLS

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

By:

SRI APULINA BR GINTING

Registration Number : 2113220040

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2016

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ABSTRACT

Ginting, SriApulina. Reg 2113220040. The Acquisition of Speech Pattern by Two-Year-Old Karonese Girls. A Thesis. English Department Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.

This study analyzed the acquisition of speech pattern by three Karonese girls. The instrument of collecting data is video recording of children in their daily activities. Particular attention is given to types of speech pattern acquired by the three girls, as defined by Djarwowidjojo theory. The result showed that the three girls acquired three type of speech patterns, namely one word utterance, two word utterances and multi word utterances. The speech pattern they use is also more complex and accordance with the structure of words in the local Karo language. There are three factors affecting language acquisition of the three children, namely society, cognitive and linguistic.

Keywords : children’s utterances; Djarwowidjojo theory; speech pattern; Karonese

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The greatest thanks to the Almighty Father for all His blessing and guidence, the writer gives the greatest thankfulness for everything that has been given along her life, so the writer is able to complete this thesis. This thesis is aimed to fullfill the requirements for S-1 Degree of Sarjana Sastra at English and Literature Department Faculty of Language and Arts.

The writer would like to express her gratitude to those who helped her in completing this thesis, because without the suggestions, guidence, pray and support it could be not fulfilled. In this occasion, the writer would like to express her special gratitude to:

 Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, the Rector of State University of Medan

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty Languages and Arts,

tate University of Medan

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A, the Secretary of English Department and as her Thesis

Adviser, Syamsul Bahri, SS,M.Hum, the Head of English Literature Department Academic

 Dr. I Wayan Dirgeyasa, M.Hum, Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum, Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed, her Examiner of this thesis who gave

suggestion, comment and motivated to complete this thesis

 Her deepest love to her parents, S.Ginting and C. Br Sembiring for their prayer, love, spirit, and motivation during the writer’s whole life

 Her beloved brother Ronaldo, Robianto and Revaldo, for their support and motivation given to the writer as long as she did this thesis

 Her friends in English Literature A and B 2011, IMKA FBS and IMKA

Rudang Mayang that could not be mentioned one by one, thanks

 Her special thanks for Chandra Fardha Kacaribu, for his support, help and prayer to the writer

The writer realizes that this thesis will far from being perfect. Therefore critics, comment and suggestion for the improvement of this thesis will be fully apreciated.

Medan, Februari 2016 The writer

Sri apulina br Ginting NIM. 2113220040

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

DECLARATION

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENT ...iii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A.The background of the study ... 1

B. The problem of the study ... 3

C.The scope of the study... 3

D.The objective of the study ... 3

E. The significance of the study ... 4

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE A.Theoritical framework ... 5

1. Language acquisition ... 5

2. Langauge Acquisition vs. Language Learning ... 8

3. Stages of child language acquisition ... 8

a. Pre linguistic ... 8

b. Babbling ... 9

c. Linguistic ... 9

1) Stage one ... 10

2) Stage two ... 10

3) Stage three ... 11

4) Stage four ... 11

5) Stage Five ... 12

4. Speech pattern ... 17

a. One word utterances ... 17

b. Two word utterances ... 19

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5. Factors affecting language acquisition ... 23

a. Social ... 23

b. Perceptual ... 24

c. Cognitive process ... 24

d. Conceptual ... 24

e. Linguistic ... 25

B. Karonese ... 25

C.Relevant studies ... 26

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A.Research method ... 28

B. Subjects of the study ... 28

C.Technique of collecting data ... 29

D.Instrument of the Study ... 29

E. Technique of analyzing data ... 29

CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS A.The data ... 30

B. Data analysis ... 30

C.Research findings ... 40

D.Discussion ... 42

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A.Conclusions ... 44

B. Suggestions ... 44

REFERENCES ... 46

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BAB I

INTRODUCTION

A.The Background of the Study

Learning to talk is more complicated than learning to walk (Clark, 2003). Talking plays a major role in social communication and demands a grasp of all the local conventions of use in each speech community. Children face a particularly intricate task for learning. Compare learning a language tp learning how to put on socks and shoes. Language demands a lot more. They are highly more complex system whether one considers just the sound system or the vocabulary, or also syntactic construction and word-structure (Clark,2003:3).

Nowadays, children can talk fluently before they can walk. Even, there is a child that can talk like adult do. There are some factors that affecting children’s language like electronic media and their society. When the children watch television, they will get new words abd imitate them. It makes children can fluently to speak. When the children usually play with their society, automatically they will learn language from the society.

Today, children aged two can utter adults’s utterances. It caused by their parents and their society. If their parents and their society are usually talk to the children, the children will be fleuntly to talk to. We can see the phenomena from Karonese children, their first langauge is Karo language, but sometimes the children speak by using Bahasa Indonesia. It is caused by their society always talk in Bahasa to the children and it makes the children fluently to use Bahasa when they are communicate with others. Even, there are some children can sing a song although they don’t know the meaning.

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Typical language development follows a realatively standars pattern for most children. The approximate order of acquisition for phonemes, words, and various grammatical skills is fairly universal. However, there can be great variation in the pace of language acquisition from child to child, especially for those with langauge disorders. Typically, spoken langauge use begins with a child’s afirst word, which often occurs around 1;0. As children mature cognitively and are exposed to more language learning opportunities, their vocabulary size and utterance lengths increase, and their langauge usage becomes more complex and more closely approximates adult language in both form and use. Often, in the later half of the second year, there is a vocabulary spurt in which the pace of word learning increases. By the time children are between 5;0 and 6;0, their speech is usually fairly fluent and adult-like, and their vocabulary can be extensive (Bloom,1993)

The phenomena of speech pattern acquisition can be seen on Prinka, a two year and three months Karonese child. She said “/atu yit mbektu bik/” (I have goat). The pattern of her utterance is two word utterances which consist of noun and verb. Although her utterances are not fully adult-like, some elements are often missing, particularly inflections and determiners but the two word utterances make the adult more easily guest what the children mean. However, if we pay attention to the other of the elements, we will see that her utterances always follow the subject-verb-object-locative order used in adult Karonese.

In society it is believed that language acquisition is vary one from another. Therefore, the researcher focuses to do the researcher about the acquisition of

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speech pattern by two-year-old Karonese girls. In this study, the researcher try to compare the speech pattern acquired by three Karonese girls.

B. The Problems of the Study

In this research, the writer tries to describe and compare the acquisition of speech pattern by three Karonese girls ages two years and what factors affecting the acquisition of speech pattern by the three Karonese girls. So, the problem is formulated as follows:

1. What are types of speech patterns acquired by three Karonese girls aged two years?

2. What are factors affecting the acquisition of speech pattern by three Karonese girls aged two years?

C. The Scope of the Study

This research focuses on the types of speech pattern acquired by three Karonese girls. This study limited only for three subjects with the range age such as 2 year 3 months, 2 year 5 months and 2 year 7 months.

D. The Objectives of the Study

Based on the problem formulation above, this particular study aims: 1. To find out types of speech patterns acquired by three Karonese girls aged

two-year-old

2. To find out the factors affecting the acquisition of speech pattern by three Karonese girls aged two-year-old

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E. The Significance of the Study

The result of the study is expected to be used theoritically and practically:

1. Theoretically

The finding of this reserach is expected to be one of the sources improving language acquisition studies, particularly on the speech pattern of two-year-old children

2. Practically

a) The result of the study is expected to be used as a reference to other researcher who want to do the research about language acquisition

b) The result of the study is expected to be used by the lecturer as illustration in teaching language acquisition

c) For the university students, as their references in learning language acquisition

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BAB V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. CONCLUSIONS

Based on the research that has been conducted on children two years of age, it can be concluded that type of speech patterns acquired by three Karonese girls aged two years are one word utterance, two word utterances and multi word utterances. Although they have reach aged two but they still use one word utterance which has various meaning. They also use two word utterances but still have limited productivity. When they start to use multi word utterances, they are able to follow grammatical correct structure of the sentences, learn how to mark membership in different communities in society ask more questions and what is effective in persuading someone to do something.

Factors that affecting acquisition of speech pattern by three Karonese girls are society, cognitive and linguistic. Current vocabulary influences new learning. Toddlers usually decide that a new word refers to the object for which they do not already have a label. Children get new word from their parents. When their parents utter the new word they try to imitate it and it will be stored in the memory of the vocabulary of children

B. SUGGESTIONS

In relation to the conclusion, suggestions are presented as the following: 1. This study is just a simple complicated research and the result might

be different if conducted to other subjects indifferent area. It is

suggested to another researcher to find another subject to find another type of speech pattern.

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2. The writer hopes this research can give an advantage for the student to urge them to study more deeply about language acquisition especially about types of speech pattern

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