CODE MIXING IN RADITYA DIKA’S NOVELS.
CODE MIXING IN RADITYA DIKA’S NOVELS
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
JUNAIDI
Registration Number 209220025
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Junaidi. 2016. Code Mixing in Raditya Dika’s Novels Faculty of Languages
and Arts. State University of Medan.
This study dealt with Code Mixing in Raditya Dika’s Novels. The study was
conducted by using descriptive qualitative design as the research method. The
data of the study were collected from two Novels of Raditya Dika compositing of
437 sentences. From this study, it was found that there were 2 types of codemixing that used in the novels. They were 336 sentences (77%) for the insertion
type and 101 sentences (23%) for the alternation type. The most dominant type of
code mixing used was insertion (77%) because Raditya Dika represented young
generation nowadays that wanted to follow the development of up to date
language where the good young man used foreign language to show their
existence in their life. But they didn’t know much about foreign language so they
just mixed their little knowledge about foreign language with their mother tongue.
That was why they used insertion more than the other types of code mixing.
Keywords: Code Mixing, Insertion, Alternation, Raditya Dika, Novel
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to express his praises to Allah SWT who
has blessed and given the ability to the writer to complete this thesis as a partial
fulfillment for the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S-1) at the
English Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and help of
several individuals who always contributed and extended their valuable
assistances in the preparation and completion of this thesis. The writer’s special
appreciation goes to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts,
State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department
Head of English Education Program Nora Ronita Dewi, S.S., M.Hum.,
the Head of English Non-Educational Program Syamsul Bahri, S.S.,
M.Hum., Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed. as his Thesis Advisor.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., Dra. Meisuri, M.A., and Tiarnita
Maria Sarjani br. Siregar S.pd as his Thesis Examiners.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd as an Administration Staff of English
Department.
All of lecturer and staff of English Education Department who have
given the great knowledge, so that the writer can finish writing this
research.
The deepest thanks are expressed to his beloved parents, Alm Darsono
and Wagiyah for the patience, affection, prayer and everything that have
given in order to finish her study.
People who direct or indirectly contributed in this study, your kindness
means a lot to him.
ii
Even an extremely great human cannot live by himself. Every
human being cannot live without a thing accompanies. The writer’s good
hope for every single of them always being deliver to Allah SWT. Thank
them.
Medan, September 2016
The Writer,
JUNAIDI
209220025
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... i
AKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. v
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
A. The Background of the Study ............................................................. 1
B. The Problems of the Study .................................................................. 5
C. The Scope of the Study ....................................................................... 5
D. The Objectives of the Study ................................................................ 5
E. The Significances of the Study ........................................................... 6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .............................. 7
A. Theoretical Framework ...................................................................... 7
1. Sociolinguistics ............................................................................ 7
2. Bilingualism ................................................................................. 8
3. Code ............................................................................................. 9
4. Types of Code Mixing ................................................................. 12
5. Novel ............................................................................................ 17
B. Relevant Studies................................................................................. 19
C. Conceptual Framework ...................................................................... 21
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD .......................................................... 22
A. Research Design................................................................................. 22
B. Sources of Data .................................................................................. 23
C. Technique of Collecting Data ............................................................ 23
D. Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................ 23
CHAPTER IV: DATA AND ANALYSIS DATA ............................................. 25
A. Data .................................................................................................... 25
B. Analysis Data ..................................................................................... 25
C. Research Finding ............................................................................... 37
D. Discussion .......................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION DAN SUGESTION ........................................ 40
A. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 40
B. Sugestion ............................................................................................ 40
REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 41
APPENDIXES ..................................................................................................... 43
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1.
Insertion Examples ......................................................................... 26
Table 4.2.
Alternation Examples ...................................................................... 30
Table 4.3
Total of Code Mixing in the Novels ............................................... 38
v
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Language is closely related to how people communicate with one another
(Yuliana: 2015). It has very important roles in daily human communication that was
to share or deliver to other people in a society. That is why language is very
important for human life. In general, as human beings, people have their social life
that influences their language, that’s why people have a study about
sociolinguistics. Wardaugh (2002: 12) says that sociolinguistics is the study of
language that concerned with investigating the relationships between language and
society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and
of how language function to communication
People were always faced with language chosen when day speak. In addition
to language choice, people may sometimes mix up two or more languages.
Moreover, people who live in bilingual community tend to use two various
languages in communication to each other.
Nowadays, people develop some knowledge and ability in a second
language and so become bilingual switched to another one. Nababan (1991:27)
confirms that bilingualisms are a habit to use two languages in interaction to the
other. Bilingualism is one of the causes of code mixing. Bilingualism itself occurs
when a group of speakers use two languages.
1
2
In bilingual communication, two or more languages are often use along
together. Sometimes the languages are mixed or they switched to another one. These
are known as code mixing and code switching. Code – switching and code – mixing
are well – known traits in the speech pattern of the average bilingual in any human
society the world over (Ayeomoni: 2006). It can occur in any language such as
English-Indonesia.
Nababan (1991:32) argues that code mixing is the situation where the
speaker mixes the language or variety of language in a speech act or discourse
without a situation or condition that need a mixing of the language. Code mixing is
the chance of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same
oral/written text (Judy Woon: 2007). It occurs if the speakers use one language
dominantly to support an expression which is inserted by another language. Codemixing could appear in every context of communication, the change of one
language to another within the same utterance or the same oral/written text. It is a
common phenomenon in societies in which two or more languages not only found
in oral communication but also in written text. In mixing one language with
another, there are divisions of code mixing.
According to Muysken (2000:3), there are three types of code mixing,
Insertion, Alternation, and Congruent Lexicalization. Insertion is the mixing of a
language with another language which mixes words and phrases into a sentence.
Alternation is the mixing of one language with another language which occur a
mixing of a clause in the sentence. Congruent lexicalization is mixing of two or
more languages which are pronounced same and it may have different or same
3
meaning, origin, or spelling. In addition, he says that the most common occurrence
of code mixing variants in society is insertional code mixing which mixes words
and phrases into a sentence.
This research focused on the use of Indonesian-English code-mixing in
novel. Hudson (2003:163) says that a novel is concerned directly with life between
man and woman, their relationships, their thought and feelings, with their passion
and motives by which they are governed and impelled, and with their joys and
sorrow, their straggles, successes and failures. Since the novelist’s theme is life, it
is impossible for him not to give expressly or by implication of some suggestion of
the impression which life makes upon him.
Based on the explanation above the writer wanted to find out types of codemixing and determined the dominant type of code-mixing in the Raditya Dika’s
novel. Raditya Dika used to be called Radith was born in Jakarta, December 28,
1984 with the full name Raditya Dika. Radith is a writer from Indonesia who is
known as the author of humorous books. Raditya Dika has created and published
six comedy novels from 2005 to 2011. they were:
2005 - Kambing Jantan: Sebuah Catatan Harian Pelajar Bodoh
2006 - Cinta Brontosaurus
2007 - Radikus Makankakus: Bukan Binatang Biasa
2008 - Babi Ngesot: Datang Tak Diundang Pulang Tak Berkutang
2010 - Marmut Merah Jambu
4
2011 - Manusia Setengah Salmon
The study of investigating code-mixing was urgent because nowadays
Indonesian community is bilingual or multilingual community society. It caused
people who live in bilingual community has tendency to use two codes or more
when they communicate to each other. And in the Muskeyn’s theory, it says that
Insertional type of code mixing is commonly use. So the writer wanted to see the
truth of Muskeys. And why this study took the object of “Raditya dika? it was
because Raditya is a person who is mostly popular in teenager’s life and also uses
the most update style of language which was also certainly uses bilingual or
multilingual languages.
There were some studies also discussed about the code mixing before which
were anxious to have a research and analyzed about what happened in the code
mixing. About what the dominant type was and some more. Here are some of them.
They were Syarifah in her research (2016) on Code Mixing in Cross-Cultural
Communication of Junior High School Students of Al Kautsar, Lubis also in his
study (2014) about Code-Mixing of Trans-Gender Language Among TransGender into Indonesian Language in Medan, and in addition, Napitupulu (2010)
in his research about Code Mixing and Code Switching Used by The Presenters
on RRI Station Medan. They were all discussed about what was the dominant type
of code mixing occurred in each of their object. That’s why the writer also
analyzed about code mixing but in Raditya Dika’s novel to represent about the
young people language lately.
5
B. The Problems of the Study
The problems of this study were formulated as the following:
1. What types of code mixing were used in Raditya Dika’s novels?
2. What was the dominant type of code-mixing used in Raditya Dika’s novels?
C. The Scope of the Study
This research was focused on analyzing the types of code-mixing in Raditya
Dika’s novels. There were six novels fiction comedy from 2005 to 2011. This strudy
focused to analyzing the code-mixing in two novels which was chosen randomly,
they were: Kambing Jantan: Sebuah Catatan Harian Pelajar Bodoh (2005), and
Manusia Setengah Salmon (2011). the writer used Muysken’s theory to identify
and to determine the dominant type of code-mixings that were used Raditya Dika’s
novel.
D. The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study were:
1. To describe the types of code-mixing in two novels.
2. To describe the dominant type of code-mixing in two novels.
6
E. The Significances of the Study
The findings of the study were expected to give some knowledge:
1. Theoretically, the findings of the research were expected to be one of sources in
Sociolinguistics studies, particularly on the analyzing the Code-Mixing used by
some people in their communication.
2. Practically, the students who learn English were expected to be able to
recognize, extinguish, and to analyze the Code Mixing used by some people in
their communication. In addition, for teachers, it was expected to this research
can give additional material for teaching activity. And also the findings were
expected as an additional information sources to others wanted to do similar
topic of this research.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the types of code mixing in the two novel of Raditya Dika
(Kambing Jantan and Manusia Setengah Salmon), this study comes to the
conclusion.
1. The types of Code mixing appeared and used in the two Raditya’s Novel were
Insertion (77%) and Alternation (23%).
2. The most dominant types of Code mixing was Insertion (77%).
B. Suggestion
Based on the conclusions above, there are some suggestions needed to be
considered. They were:
1. Students who interested in code-mixing can used this study as the reference.
2. Students who interested in code-mixing especially in novel to make the further
research related to this study.
40
REFERENCES
Ayeomoni. 2006. Code – switching and Code – mixing: style of language Use in
Childhood in Yoruba Speech Community, Nordic Journal of Africal Studies
15(1): p 90 – 99. Lfe: Obafemi Awolowo University.
Chaer, A. and Leonie, A. 1995. Sociolinguistics. Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta:
Rbineka Cipta.
Crystal, David. 2000. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. London:
Blackwell.
Das, Amitava. 2013. Code – mixing in social media text, Journal of TAL Volume
54, p 41. Tiruchirappalli: NITT University.
Dongoran, T. H. 2000. Literary Criticism. Medan: State University of Medan.
Unpublished.
Hudson, W. H. 2003. An Introduction to the study of English Literature. Delhi:
A. I. T.B.S.
Holmes, W. H. 1982. An introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Longman.
Lubis. Bambang Nur Alamsyah. 2014. Code-Mixing of Trans-Gender Language
Among Trans-Gender into Indonesian Language in Medan. Medan: State
University of Medan.
Muysken, P. 2000. Bilingual Speech. A Typology of Code Mixing. Camridge:
Camridge University Press.
Nababan, P. W. J. 1991. Sosiolinguistik: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia
Pustaka Utama.
Napitupulu. Sependi. 2010. Code Mixing and Code Switching Used by The
Presenters on RRI Station Medan. Medan: State University of Medan.
Nazir, Muhammad. 1998. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Galia Indonesia.
Siregar, A.M. 2002. Code Alternation Human Speech Behavior. Medan:
University of North Sumatera.
Stella. Monica and Isharyanti. Neny. 2009. Code switching and Code mixing in
Internet chatting: between ‘Yes’,’Ya’, and ‘Si’ a case study, JaltCallJournal
Vol 5, No. 3, p 67 – 78. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
41
Strauss,A and Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basic of qualitative research: Grounded
theory procedure and technique. California: Sage publication.
Suwito. 1983. Sociolinguistics; Theori dan Prolem. Surakarta: Kenary Offset.
Sudaryanto. 1992. Metode Linguistik: Ke Arah Memahami Metode Linguistik.
Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Syarifah. Siregar. 2016. Code Mixing in Cross-Cultural Communication of
Junior High School Students of Al Kautsar.Medan: State University of
Medan.
Weinrich. V. 1998.Language and Contact. Mouton: The Hauge: Mouton. 2nd edn.
Wardaugh, Ronald. 2002. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Berlin: Blackwell.
Wardaugh, Ronald. 1986. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Basic
Blackwell L.td.
Yee Ho. Judy Woon. 2007. Code – mixing: Linguistic form and Socio – cultural
meaning, The International Journal of Language Society, issues 21. Futei:
Lingnan University.
Yuliana. Nana. Dkk. 2015. Code – mixing and Code – Switching of Indonesian
Celebrities: A Comparative Study, Journal LINGUA CULTURA Vol 9. No.
1, p 47 – 54. Jakarta: National University.
http://definisi-pengertian.logspot.com/2013/05/pengertian-novel.html (accessed
on July 25, 2016 at 7.30 p.m)
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raditya_Dika (accessed on July 25, 2016, 2013 at
8.23 a.m)
http://elevenscience1.blogspot.com/2011/10/bagus-hariyanto-sinopsis-novelkambing.html (accessed on July 25, 2016 at 9.07 a.m)
http://www.thebookielooker.com/2012/01/book-review-manusia-setengahsalmon.html (accessed on July 25, 2016 at 11.12 a.m)
42
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
JUNAIDI
Registration Number 209220025
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Junaidi. 2016. Code Mixing in Raditya Dika’s Novels Faculty of Languages
and Arts. State University of Medan.
This study dealt with Code Mixing in Raditya Dika’s Novels. The study was
conducted by using descriptive qualitative design as the research method. The
data of the study were collected from two Novels of Raditya Dika compositing of
437 sentences. From this study, it was found that there were 2 types of codemixing that used in the novels. They were 336 sentences (77%) for the insertion
type and 101 sentences (23%) for the alternation type. The most dominant type of
code mixing used was insertion (77%) because Raditya Dika represented young
generation nowadays that wanted to follow the development of up to date
language where the good young man used foreign language to show their
existence in their life. But they didn’t know much about foreign language so they
just mixed their little knowledge about foreign language with their mother tongue.
That was why they used insertion more than the other types of code mixing.
Keywords: Code Mixing, Insertion, Alternation, Raditya Dika, Novel
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to express his praises to Allah SWT who
has blessed and given the ability to the writer to complete this thesis as a partial
fulfillment for the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S-1) at the
English Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and help of
several individuals who always contributed and extended their valuable
assistances in the preparation and completion of this thesis. The writer’s special
appreciation goes to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts,
State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department
Head of English Education Program Nora Ronita Dewi, S.S., M.Hum.,
the Head of English Non-Educational Program Syamsul Bahri, S.S.,
M.Hum., Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed. as his Thesis Advisor.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., Dra. Meisuri, M.A., and Tiarnita
Maria Sarjani br. Siregar S.pd as his Thesis Examiners.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd as an Administration Staff of English
Department.
All of lecturer and staff of English Education Department who have
given the great knowledge, so that the writer can finish writing this
research.
The deepest thanks are expressed to his beloved parents, Alm Darsono
and Wagiyah for the patience, affection, prayer and everything that have
given in order to finish her study.
People who direct or indirectly contributed in this study, your kindness
means a lot to him.
ii
Even an extremely great human cannot live by himself. Every
human being cannot live without a thing accompanies. The writer’s good
hope for every single of them always being deliver to Allah SWT. Thank
them.
Medan, September 2016
The Writer,
JUNAIDI
209220025
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... i
AKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. v
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
A. The Background of the Study ............................................................. 1
B. The Problems of the Study .................................................................. 5
C. The Scope of the Study ....................................................................... 5
D. The Objectives of the Study ................................................................ 5
E. The Significances of the Study ........................................................... 6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .............................. 7
A. Theoretical Framework ...................................................................... 7
1. Sociolinguistics ............................................................................ 7
2. Bilingualism ................................................................................. 8
3. Code ............................................................................................. 9
4. Types of Code Mixing ................................................................. 12
5. Novel ............................................................................................ 17
B. Relevant Studies................................................................................. 19
C. Conceptual Framework ...................................................................... 21
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD .......................................................... 22
A. Research Design................................................................................. 22
B. Sources of Data .................................................................................. 23
C. Technique of Collecting Data ............................................................ 23
D. Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................ 23
CHAPTER IV: DATA AND ANALYSIS DATA ............................................. 25
A. Data .................................................................................................... 25
B. Analysis Data ..................................................................................... 25
C. Research Finding ............................................................................... 37
D. Discussion .......................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION DAN SUGESTION ........................................ 40
A. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 40
B. Sugestion ............................................................................................ 40
REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 41
APPENDIXES ..................................................................................................... 43
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1.
Insertion Examples ......................................................................... 26
Table 4.2.
Alternation Examples ...................................................................... 30
Table 4.3
Total of Code Mixing in the Novels ............................................... 38
v
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Language is closely related to how people communicate with one another
(Yuliana: 2015). It has very important roles in daily human communication that was
to share or deliver to other people in a society. That is why language is very
important for human life. In general, as human beings, people have their social life
that influences their language, that’s why people have a study about
sociolinguistics. Wardaugh (2002: 12) says that sociolinguistics is the study of
language that concerned with investigating the relationships between language and
society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and
of how language function to communication
People were always faced with language chosen when day speak. In addition
to language choice, people may sometimes mix up two or more languages.
Moreover, people who live in bilingual community tend to use two various
languages in communication to each other.
Nowadays, people develop some knowledge and ability in a second
language and so become bilingual switched to another one. Nababan (1991:27)
confirms that bilingualisms are a habit to use two languages in interaction to the
other. Bilingualism is one of the causes of code mixing. Bilingualism itself occurs
when a group of speakers use two languages.
1
2
In bilingual communication, two or more languages are often use along
together. Sometimes the languages are mixed or they switched to another one. These
are known as code mixing and code switching. Code – switching and code – mixing
are well – known traits in the speech pattern of the average bilingual in any human
society the world over (Ayeomoni: 2006). It can occur in any language such as
English-Indonesia.
Nababan (1991:32) argues that code mixing is the situation where the
speaker mixes the language or variety of language in a speech act or discourse
without a situation or condition that need a mixing of the language. Code mixing is
the chance of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same
oral/written text (Judy Woon: 2007). It occurs if the speakers use one language
dominantly to support an expression which is inserted by another language. Codemixing could appear in every context of communication, the change of one
language to another within the same utterance or the same oral/written text. It is a
common phenomenon in societies in which two or more languages not only found
in oral communication but also in written text. In mixing one language with
another, there are divisions of code mixing.
According to Muysken (2000:3), there are three types of code mixing,
Insertion, Alternation, and Congruent Lexicalization. Insertion is the mixing of a
language with another language which mixes words and phrases into a sentence.
Alternation is the mixing of one language with another language which occur a
mixing of a clause in the sentence. Congruent lexicalization is mixing of two or
more languages which are pronounced same and it may have different or same
3
meaning, origin, or spelling. In addition, he says that the most common occurrence
of code mixing variants in society is insertional code mixing which mixes words
and phrases into a sentence.
This research focused on the use of Indonesian-English code-mixing in
novel. Hudson (2003:163) says that a novel is concerned directly with life between
man and woman, their relationships, their thought and feelings, with their passion
and motives by which they are governed and impelled, and with their joys and
sorrow, their straggles, successes and failures. Since the novelist’s theme is life, it
is impossible for him not to give expressly or by implication of some suggestion of
the impression which life makes upon him.
Based on the explanation above the writer wanted to find out types of codemixing and determined the dominant type of code-mixing in the Raditya Dika’s
novel. Raditya Dika used to be called Radith was born in Jakarta, December 28,
1984 with the full name Raditya Dika. Radith is a writer from Indonesia who is
known as the author of humorous books. Raditya Dika has created and published
six comedy novels from 2005 to 2011. they were:
2005 - Kambing Jantan: Sebuah Catatan Harian Pelajar Bodoh
2006 - Cinta Brontosaurus
2007 - Radikus Makankakus: Bukan Binatang Biasa
2008 - Babi Ngesot: Datang Tak Diundang Pulang Tak Berkutang
2010 - Marmut Merah Jambu
4
2011 - Manusia Setengah Salmon
The study of investigating code-mixing was urgent because nowadays
Indonesian community is bilingual or multilingual community society. It caused
people who live in bilingual community has tendency to use two codes or more
when they communicate to each other. And in the Muskeyn’s theory, it says that
Insertional type of code mixing is commonly use. So the writer wanted to see the
truth of Muskeys. And why this study took the object of “Raditya dika? it was
because Raditya is a person who is mostly popular in teenager’s life and also uses
the most update style of language which was also certainly uses bilingual or
multilingual languages.
There were some studies also discussed about the code mixing before which
were anxious to have a research and analyzed about what happened in the code
mixing. About what the dominant type was and some more. Here are some of them.
They were Syarifah in her research (2016) on Code Mixing in Cross-Cultural
Communication of Junior High School Students of Al Kautsar, Lubis also in his
study (2014) about Code-Mixing of Trans-Gender Language Among TransGender into Indonesian Language in Medan, and in addition, Napitupulu (2010)
in his research about Code Mixing and Code Switching Used by The Presenters
on RRI Station Medan. They were all discussed about what was the dominant type
of code mixing occurred in each of their object. That’s why the writer also
analyzed about code mixing but in Raditya Dika’s novel to represent about the
young people language lately.
5
B. The Problems of the Study
The problems of this study were formulated as the following:
1. What types of code mixing were used in Raditya Dika’s novels?
2. What was the dominant type of code-mixing used in Raditya Dika’s novels?
C. The Scope of the Study
This research was focused on analyzing the types of code-mixing in Raditya
Dika’s novels. There were six novels fiction comedy from 2005 to 2011. This strudy
focused to analyzing the code-mixing in two novels which was chosen randomly,
they were: Kambing Jantan: Sebuah Catatan Harian Pelajar Bodoh (2005), and
Manusia Setengah Salmon (2011). the writer used Muysken’s theory to identify
and to determine the dominant type of code-mixings that were used Raditya Dika’s
novel.
D. The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study were:
1. To describe the types of code-mixing in two novels.
2. To describe the dominant type of code-mixing in two novels.
6
E. The Significances of the Study
The findings of the study were expected to give some knowledge:
1. Theoretically, the findings of the research were expected to be one of sources in
Sociolinguistics studies, particularly on the analyzing the Code-Mixing used by
some people in their communication.
2. Practically, the students who learn English were expected to be able to
recognize, extinguish, and to analyze the Code Mixing used by some people in
their communication. In addition, for teachers, it was expected to this research
can give additional material for teaching activity. And also the findings were
expected as an additional information sources to others wanted to do similar
topic of this research.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the types of code mixing in the two novel of Raditya Dika
(Kambing Jantan and Manusia Setengah Salmon), this study comes to the
conclusion.
1. The types of Code mixing appeared and used in the two Raditya’s Novel were
Insertion (77%) and Alternation (23%).
2. The most dominant types of Code mixing was Insertion (77%).
B. Suggestion
Based on the conclusions above, there are some suggestions needed to be
considered. They were:
1. Students who interested in code-mixing can used this study as the reference.
2. Students who interested in code-mixing especially in novel to make the further
research related to this study.
40
REFERENCES
Ayeomoni. 2006. Code – switching and Code – mixing: style of language Use in
Childhood in Yoruba Speech Community, Nordic Journal of Africal Studies
15(1): p 90 – 99. Lfe: Obafemi Awolowo University.
Chaer, A. and Leonie, A. 1995. Sociolinguistics. Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta:
Rbineka Cipta.
Crystal, David. 2000. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. London:
Blackwell.
Das, Amitava. 2013. Code – mixing in social media text, Journal of TAL Volume
54, p 41. Tiruchirappalli: NITT University.
Dongoran, T. H. 2000. Literary Criticism. Medan: State University of Medan.
Unpublished.
Hudson, W. H. 2003. An Introduction to the study of English Literature. Delhi:
A. I. T.B.S.
Holmes, W. H. 1982. An introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Longman.
Lubis. Bambang Nur Alamsyah. 2014. Code-Mixing of Trans-Gender Language
Among Trans-Gender into Indonesian Language in Medan. Medan: State
University of Medan.
Muysken, P. 2000. Bilingual Speech. A Typology of Code Mixing. Camridge:
Camridge University Press.
Nababan, P. W. J. 1991. Sosiolinguistik: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia
Pustaka Utama.
Napitupulu. Sependi. 2010. Code Mixing and Code Switching Used by The
Presenters on RRI Station Medan. Medan: State University of Medan.
Nazir, Muhammad. 1998. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Galia Indonesia.
Siregar, A.M. 2002. Code Alternation Human Speech Behavior. Medan:
University of North Sumatera.
Stella. Monica and Isharyanti. Neny. 2009. Code switching and Code mixing in
Internet chatting: between ‘Yes’,’Ya’, and ‘Si’ a case study, JaltCallJournal
Vol 5, No. 3, p 67 – 78. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
41
Strauss,A and Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basic of qualitative research: Grounded
theory procedure and technique. California: Sage publication.
Suwito. 1983. Sociolinguistics; Theori dan Prolem. Surakarta: Kenary Offset.
Sudaryanto. 1992. Metode Linguistik: Ke Arah Memahami Metode Linguistik.
Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Syarifah. Siregar. 2016. Code Mixing in Cross-Cultural Communication of
Junior High School Students of Al Kautsar.Medan: State University of
Medan.
Weinrich. V. 1998.Language and Contact. Mouton: The Hauge: Mouton. 2nd edn.
Wardaugh, Ronald. 2002. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Berlin: Blackwell.
Wardaugh, Ronald. 1986. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Basic
Blackwell L.td.
Yee Ho. Judy Woon. 2007. Code – mixing: Linguistic form and Socio – cultural
meaning, The International Journal of Language Society, issues 21. Futei:
Lingnan University.
Yuliana. Nana. Dkk. 2015. Code – mixing and Code – Switching of Indonesian
Celebrities: A Comparative Study, Journal LINGUA CULTURA Vol 9. No.
1, p 47 – 54. Jakarta: National University.
http://definisi-pengertian.logspot.com/2013/05/pengertian-novel.html (accessed
on July 25, 2016 at 7.30 p.m)
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raditya_Dika (accessed on July 25, 2016, 2013 at
8.23 a.m)
http://elevenscience1.blogspot.com/2011/10/bagus-hariyanto-sinopsis-novelkambing.html (accessed on July 25, 2016 at 9.07 a.m)
http://www.thebookielooker.com/2012/01/book-review-manusia-setengahsalmon.html (accessed on July 25, 2016 at 11.12 a.m)
42