THE IMPOLITENESS IN RADITYA DIKA’S AND ROY SAPUTRA’S NOVELS.

IMPOLITENESS IN RADITYA DIKA’S

AND ROY SAPUTRA’S NOVELS

A Thesis

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in

Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

IKA SWANTIKA

Registration Number: 8136112027

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2016

ABSTRACT

Swantika, I. Registration Number: 8136112027. The Impoliteness in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s Novels. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Post Graduate School, State University of Medan. 2016.

The objectives of the study were to find out: (1) the types of impoliteness strategies used in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s Novels, (2) the pattern of responses used in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s Novels, and (3) the reasons of using language impoliteness in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s Novels. The study was descriptive qualitative with the comparative study approach. The subject of the study were the novels by Raditya Dika entitled Babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra entitled Lontang-Lantung. The data of the study were the linguistic features of impolite utterances. The documentary technique was conducted to collect the data, and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was interactive model. The findings of the study showed that: 1) in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s novels used the types of impoliteness strategy, namely: bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm or mock politeness, and withhold politeness. Positive impoliteness was the most dominant type applied in the two novels, whereas, bald on record was the least dominant type; 2) four patterns of responses the impoliteness occurred in Roy Saputra’s novel were more frequent than in Raditya Dika’s novel, namely: no response, accepting the impoliteness which was the most frequent occurred in Raditya Dika’ novel, countering defensively, and countering offensively which was the most frequent occurred in Roy Saputra’s novel; and 3) The use of language impoliteness in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s Novels shared reasons, namely: to mock the others, to vent negative feelings, to show power. There were some new category of reasons of using the language impoliteness in the two novels, namely: to show disagreement, to clarify something clearly, to show interested feeling, to show disinterested feelings, to show dissatisfaction, to threaten other’s face and to make joke. The most frequent reason of using impoliteness in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s Novels was to vent negative feelings and to show interested feeling became the least frequent reason. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that both novels have similar use of impoliteness strategy with difference number/percentage. Some suggestions are directed to those who are interested in understanding impoliteness strategy as found in practice.

ABSTRAK

Swantika. I. Nomor Registrasi: 8136112027. The Impoliteness in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s Novels. Thesis. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Ingrris. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan. 2016.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan: (1) tipe-tipe dari strategi ketidak-santunan yang digunakan dalam novel Raditya Dika dan Roy Saputra, (2) Pola respon yang digunakan dalam novel Raditya dan Roy Saputra, dan (3) alasan dari penggunaan bahasa ketidak-santunan dalam novel Raditya Dika dan Roy Saputra. Penelitan ini berjenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan penelitian perbandingan. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah novel oleh Raditya Dika berjudul Babi Ngesot dan Roy Saputra berjudul Lontang-Lantung. Data penelitian ini adalah ujaran-ujaran yang tidak santun. Teknik dokumentari digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data, dan instrumennya merupakan lembar dokumentari. Tehnik analisis data adalah model interaktif. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 1) dalam novel Raditya Dika dan Roy Saputra menggunakan tipe-tipe strategi ketidak-santunan, yaitu: bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm or mock politeness, dan withhold politeness. Positive impoliteness merupakan tipe yang paling dominan digunakan dalam kedua novel, sedangkan, bald on record adalah tipe yang paling sedikit digunakan; 2) empat pola respon ketidak-santunan terdapat dalam novel Roy Saputra lebih banyak dari pada dalam novel Raditya Dika, yaitu: no response, accepting the impoliteness yang merupakan pola paling dominan yang terdapat dalam novel Raditya Dika, countering defensively, dan countering offensively yang menjadi pola paling banyak terdapat di novel Roy Saputra; dan 3) penggunaan bahasa ketidak-santunan menunjukkan alasan, yaitu: to mock the others, to vent negative feelings, to show power. Ada beberapa kategori alasan baru dalam penggunaan ketidak-santunan bahasa dalam kedua novel, yaitu: to show disagreement, to clarify something clearly, to show interested feeling, to show

disinterested feelings, to show dissatisfaction, to threaten other’s face dan to make joke. Alasan yang paling dominan dalam penggunan ketidak-santunan bahasa dalam novel Raditya Dika dan Roy Saputra adalah to vent negative feelings dan to show disinterested feeling menjadi alasan yang paling sedikit. Berdasarkan pada temuan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua novel memiliki kemiripan dari penggunaan strategi ketidak-santunan dengan jumlah/persentase yang berbeda. Beberapa anjuran ditujukan bagi mereka yang tertarik dalam pemahaman stategi ketidak-santunan seperti dalam praktiknya.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. Praise and thank to the Almighty Allah SWT, for the blessings and guidance to the writer so that the writing of this thesis can finally be accomplished as it should be. This thesis is a scientific writing that has to be completed in order to fulfill one of the academic requirements for the degree of Magister Humaniora at the English Applied Linguistics Study Program; Post Graduate School, State University of Medan. It has also shown the responsibility and capability of the writer as an academician to be able to conduct a research that would contribute to the development of scientific knowledge.

However, without the assistance of these followingnumber of people who have given valuable suggestions and useful influences on the writing ofthis thesis, it would be much more difficult for the writer to finish her work.She is thendeeply indebted to these people and would like to express her sincere thanks.

The writer would like to deliver her grateful appreciation and gratitude to her first adviser Dr. I Wy Dirgeyasa, M.Hum., and her second adviser Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S. for their great care, patient guidance, excellent advices, and precious time in guiding her in the process of completing this thesis.

Her gratefulness also goes to the Head and Secretary of the English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum., for their kind support toward the prerequisites of the thesis submission as well as the encouragement to work hard toward the thesis proposal. Her sincere gratitude is also given to Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd., as the Director of Postgraduate School at State University of Medan.

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Furthermore, the writer would like to thank Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M. Hum., and Dr. Eddy Setia, M. Ed., TESP., for their constructive comments and suggestions in advancing the thesis quality.

Her deepest gratitude and tremendous appreciations are presented to her parents, Subakti and Tuty Yunizar for their never ending support, care and love to encourage her to learn and pursue her education to the master degree. To all her beloved families who always pour her with all their compassion; especially to her younger sisters, Suti Ramandatya, S.E., and Ulfa Qaulya.

Last but not least, the writer would like to thank all of her beloved friends in B4 Class, Applied Linguistics Study Program, Post Graduate School at State University of Medan, Ersika Puspita Dani, Yeni Purtika Simajuntak, Muvidah, Fitri Erawati, Maida, M Hasril Fakhrurrozi and Mia Fitri Tinambunan. Thank you very much for their time to discuss and exchange ideas while working on the thesis as well as their prayers, encouragement and support.

Medan, June 2016 The Writer,

Ika Swantika

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... i

LIST OF TABLES ... iii

LIST OF FIGURE ... iv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 The Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 The Problem of the Study ... 7

1.3 The Objective of the Study ... 7

1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 8

1.5 The Significance of the Study ... 8

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 10

A. Theoretical Framework ... 10

2.1 Impoliteness Strategy ... 10

2.2 Types of Impoliteness ... 18

2.2.1 Bald on Record Impoliteness ... 19

2.2.2 Positive Impoliteness ... 21

2.2.3 Negative Impoliteness ... 21

2.2.4 Sarcasm or Mock Politeness ... 22

2.2.5 Withhold Politeness ... 24

2.3 Responding to Impoliteness Strategy ... 25

2.4 The Process of Impoliteness... 26

2.5 The Reason of Using Impoliteness Strategy ... 28

2.6 Conversation ... 30

2.7 Conversation Analysis ... 36

2.8 Comparative Study ... 36

2.9 Novel ... 39

B. Relevant Studies ... 45

C. Conceptual Framework ... 50

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 52

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3.2 The Source of Data and The Data ... 52

3.3 The Technique of Data Collection ... 53

3.4 The Instrument of Data Collection ... 53

3.5 The Trustworthiness of the Study ... 53

3.6 The Technique of Data Analysis ... 54

CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS . 56 4.1 Data Analysis ... 56

4.1.1 Types of Impoliteness Strategies Used in Raditya Dika’s Novel Versus Roy Saputra’s Novel ... 56

4.1.2 Pattern of Responses Used in Raditya Dika’s Novel ... Versus Roy Saputra’s Novel ... 68

4.1.3 Reason of Using Impoliteness Strategy in Raditya Dika’s Novel Versus Roy Saputra’s Novel ... 81

4.2 Findings ... 94

4.3 Discussions ... 98

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 102

5.1 Conclusions ... 102

5.2 Suggestions ... 104

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 4.1 The Types of Impoliteness Strategy Used in Raditya Dika’s Novel entitled Babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra’s Novel Entitled

Lontang-Lantung ... 57 Table 4.2 The Patterns of Responses to Impoliteness Strategy in Raditya

Dika’s Novel entitled Babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra’s Novel

Entitled Lontang-Lantung... 69 Table 4.3 The Reasons of Using Impoliteness Strategy in Raditya Dika’s

Novel entitled babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra’s Novel Entitled

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LIST OF FIGURE

Page Figure 2.1 Options of Responses ... 25

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages

Appendix I. The Documentation of Conversations between the Characters in Raditya Dika’s Novel Entitled Babi Ngesot ... 109 Appendix II. The Documentation of Conversations between the Characters in Roy Saputra’s Novel Entitled Lontang-Lantung ... 118

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Conversation is a progression of exchanges among participants. Each participant is a “learning system”; a system that changes internally as a consequence of experience. This highly complex type of interaction is also quite powerful, as it becomes a means by which existing knowledge is conveyed and new knowledge is generated.

A good conversation is one that comes from a speaker who can convey good messages to the audiences so that the audiences can understand or give a good feedback in order to create harmony. Therefore, before performing a conversation, the speaker needs to consider several things, example of how social relations with the audiences, where the event occurs, and to what the conversation is done. In fact, the speaker task is to keep the conversation going well, is not jammed, not in vain, and the social relationship between the audiences of the conversation is not disturbed. Attitude of the speaker also becomes a factor in creating a good conversation which leads to the application of politeness as an important strategy that must be done by the participants in the communication and aims to maintain harmonious atmosphere (Culpeper, 1996).

Politeness is expected to occur at all media of communication and information such as television, radio, drama, literary works, etc. Based on the theory which has been defined that the politeness can involve an attitude comprised of particular positive evaluative beliefs about particular behaviours in

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particular social contexts, it is also as the activation of that attitude by those particular in-context-behaviours, and the actual or potential description of those in-context-behaviours and/or the person who produced them as polite, courteous, considerate, etc. Linguistic politeness refers to linguistic or behavioural material that is used to trigger politeness attitudes (Culpeper, 2011).

Especially in literary works, politeness is always expected appeared and maintained since it is a long-term work that can be accessed by all parties. Novels, as one of the literary works availably accessed by the societies from time to time, contain words created by author who wants to describe one experience in details and makes his/her readers can imagine about what is happening in the novel itself. A good novel is one that can entertain the readers and give the readers preoccupation by reading it. A good novel also must give benefits for its readers, they are: as the brain stimulation, as the modifier the brain function, to reinforce the brain's memory, to enrich the vocabulary, to increase the imagination, to give relaxing, to inspire, to escalate the reader’s creativity and replenish the value of education. That is why a novel should be fraught with good things including good norms and value.

However, instead of using politeness, impoliteness framework is also found in some novels, as what has been proved by Abbas (2012) in his article. It explaines that the impoliteness is actively employed on Montgomery's novel titled Anne of Green Gables. The results of his observation showed that impoliteness had created a disharmony successfully. His study has also proved the practicality of the impoliteness model in studying the social dynamics of interaction in

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Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables where some characters' behaviour, namely, that of Anne, Rachel and Gilbert, has been studied in relation to impoliteness strategies, sub-strategies, types of attack (related to face or sociality rights) and the response to such attacks whether offensive or defensive. The analysis has shown the verbal and non-verbal resources used to realize a variety of strategies used to attack the interlocutor's face and sociality rights. Among the most frequently used strategies to attack quality face, Abbas has examined attacks on the participants' appearance represented by Anne's red hair and her skinny body. Such verbal resources include unfavorable comparisons that to Anne count as insults especially in the classroom situation where it is impossible for Anne to tell or justify her action as she cannot even repeat Gilbert's words "Carrots! Carrots" and report to her teacher what has happened unlike where she shouts at Rachel "How dare you call me skinny and ugly…. ". To both attacks, Anne responds offensively but her response is verbal in the first speech event and non-verbal in the second.

Basically, impoliteness may be found on all novel genres such as romance, tragedy, satire, horror, fiction, and comedy novels. However, based on the public assumption, comedy novel is highly predicted to contain impoliteness, because something funny is easier to be created if using impoliteness strategy. In fact, the people prefer reading comedy novel, because it can provoke laughing and entertaining them.

Some of the famous authors especially in comedy novels are Raditya Dika (RD) and Roy Saputra (RS). Raditya Dika has published seven novels mainly

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focusing on comedy ones. Most of his novels are categorized as the best sellers at bookstores in Indonesia and it is proven that he acquires popularity for having a lot of loyal readers. Different from Raditya Dika, Roy Saputra had launched four novels so far. Both of them somehow apply impoliteness as the effective strategy to attract and entertain the readers as exemplified in the following dialogue which is taken from RD’s novel:

Topi Merah (TM) : oh, Lo berdua kelas 1B? (oh, you both from class 1B?) Radit : i-i-i-y-a-a, kak.

(y-y-y-e-s-s, brother,)

TM : pulang sekolah, elu dan temen lu ini, nongkrong di lamandau, ngerti?!

(after school, you and your friend, hangout at lamandau, get it?!)

Pito : udah sering nongkrong, kak, di WC, hahahaha

(we often hang out brother, in WC, hahahaha)

TM : LO JANGAN SOK LUCU LO!

(YOU, YOU ARE NOT FUNNY!)

Radit : ampun kaaaakk!!

(Forgive me brotheeerrr!!)

It is told in the novel that the three students TM, Pito, and radit are students from a state senior high school in Jakarta. In the conversation above impoliteness has been uttered by one of students is Pito. The conversation happens in the toilet of the school. TM asks Pito and Radit to hang out at lamandau and Pito answers impolitely by uttering “udah sering nongkrong kak, di

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uttered by Pito is named sarcasm or mock politeness. Pito wants to melt the situation and make kidding to his senior. But, the senior student TM gives bad response to Pito by saying “LO JANGAN SOK LUCU LO!”. He responses the impolite statement by countering offensive respond. TM gets angry and shouts to them in order to not make any kidding or mock him anymore. TM thinks that he is the senior student in the school and he should be honored by junior students, so no one can mock or say ridicule things to him.

The situation above has been indicated as impoliteness in conversation between students in school. That should be polite conversation since it occurs in a school where the education applied. In fact, it has been found and it is pictured by Raditya Dika in his novel. Actually, impolite words can surely be avoided in writing novel. However, the themes of RD’s comedy novel want to tell his real life experiences to the readers including funny, sad, romance or embarrassing moments he had. Therefore, to picture the situations occurred, he applies the use of impoliteness abundantly. It is expected by utilizing the impoliteness, the readers can feel the atmosphere of the stories and relate to them. Not to mention that those impolite words are also meant to entertain the readers.

RD’s and RS’s novels are stated as the best seller novels in some bookstores. They have a lot of loyal readers. Most of the readers are teenagers including students, and that can’t be denied that children are able to access the novels. Based on the phenomena above, the researcher is interested to investigate the use of impoliteness strategies as this area of study still remains unknown

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These impolite words give self-reflexive pleasure for the readers in observing the characteristic in a worse state than themselves and therefore becoming more entertained (Culpeper, 2005). In this context it is called as “superiority” phenomena (Culpeper, 2005). When one character attacks another character’s face with impolite words, the reader would feel they are better than the target/character and in some points find it amusing.

The dialogue above proves that impoliteness is found to be operatively depleted in the novel which can be read by all parties including teenager (students) or children. This phenomenon can give either good or bad impact for the readers, as a recent study which has been done by the neurologist Gregory S. Berns (2013). It is claimed that reading novels can affect the workings of the brain and the mind that might lead to the influence of the attitudes and behaviour of readers. Simply put, if the readers especially children are always exposed to impolite words, their moral values and behaviours will be affected, whereas it is expected they will always use polite words in all conversations.

Based on the explanation above, this phenomenon is captivating to be further analysed due to its presence as one of the samples that impoliteness is fun and acceptable to be included in literary works. It is not in accordance with the expectation that literary works ought to give a decent model of effective interaction.

This study will attempt to investigate the applications of impoliteness strategies and responses used in the comedy novels referring to the theory of Culpeper (1996-2005). It is additionally important to examine the reasons of using

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impoliteness in the comedy novels pointing out the Beebe’s (1995) and Culpeper’s framework of the reasons of utilizing impoliteness in communication. Given that linguistic impoliteness has not picked up almost as much as consideration as the linguistic politeness, it is expected that this study will give the useful findings and further information about impoliteness strategy used in comedy novels.

1.2 The Problems of the Study

Based on the background of study explained above, the problems are formulated as the following.

1. What are the types of impoliteness strategy used in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s novels?

2. What are the pattern of responses used by the characters in Raditya Dika’sand Roy Saputra’s novels?

3. Why do the types of impoliteness strategy and responses occur the way they are?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

This research is aimed at describing the use of impoliteness strategy in RadityaDika’s novel. Specifically objectives are meant to answer the problems formulized above. The objectives are elaborated as following.

1. To examine the types of impoliteness strategy used in Raditya Dika’s and Roy Saputra’s novels

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2. To examine the pattern of responses used by the characters in Raditya Dika’sand Roy Saputra’s novels

3. To explain the reasons why the types of impoliteness strategy and responses occur the way they are.

1.4 The Scope of the Study

The study will be specified mainly on comedy novels by Raditya Dika entitled Babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra entitled Lontang-Lantung. The main aspects to be analyzed are the impoliteness strategy which has five types, they are: bald on record, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm or mock politeness, and withhold politeness. The pattern of responses will be analyzed, there are inherently two ways to encounter impoliteness: to respond and to not respond.

This study will also explain the reason of using impoliteness that occurs in the RD’s and RS’s novels referring through theory of Beebe and Culpeper, namely: to appear superior, to get power over action, to get power in conversation and also a few other points that underlie a person using impoliteness strategy .

1.5 The Significance of the Study

It is expected that the findings of this study will contribute theoretically and practically.

Theoretically, the findings will be useful for the theory of impoliteness itself. This study will contribute more knowledge about impoliteness strategy.

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Practically, the findings will be useful as a reference for linguists, lecturers, teachers, and students who have passion in writing novel, in order to know about the impoliteness strategy which is applied in literary work, and the reason why impoliteness strategy always becomes one of the factors to entertain audiences.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

This study focused on the language impoliteness in Raditya Dika’s novel entitled Babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra’s novel entitled Lontang-Lantung. It was aimed to examine the types of impoliteness strategies used by the characters in the two novels, to examine the patterns of responding the impoliteness used by the characters in the two novels, and to explain the reason why the impoliteness strategies used by the characters in the two novels are realized the way they are. After analyzing the data, conclusions are drawn as the following.

1) Commonly the novel Lontang-lantung by Roy Saputra is the more frequent produced impolite utterances than the novel Babi Ngesot by Raditya Dika. Since, Roy Saputra presents the background/context of his novel is about an officer and takes place in an office where the tension and competitions occurred, and Impoliteness is easier to produce. Meanwhile, in Babi Ngesot by Raditya Dika tells about the student life and home where friendship and family become the background/context in the novel. 2) Related to the types of impoliteness, both novels represent different

findings. It can be seen in the number or percentage which has been analyzed. The two novels applied all of types of impoliteness strategy. Meanwhile, in applying types of impoliteness strategy in RS’s novel is more than in RD’s novel. Both novels produced the same dominant of

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using of positive impoliteness type and the least type is bald on record impoliteness.

3) In responding the impoliteness, both novels show the same patterns occurred, namely 1) no response, 2) accepting the impoliteness, 3) countering defensively and 4) countering offensively. The dominant frequent occurrence in RD’s novel is less than RS’s novel. In RD’s novel, countering offensively response was the dominant pattern of responding the impoliteness, and countering defensively response was the least pattern. Meanwhile, in RS’s novel, single or multiple attacks with no response was the dominant pattern of responding the impoliteness, and counterinf defensively response was the least pattern.

4) The use of impoliteness strategies in Raditya Dika’s Novel entitled Babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra’s novel entitled Lontang-Lantung shared several same reasons, namely 1) to mock the others, 2) to vent negative feelings, 3) to show power,. There were some new reasons of using the language impoliteness in Raditya Dika’s Novel entitled Babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra’s novel entitled Lontang-Lantung, namely: to clarify something clearly, to threaten other’s face, to show dissatisfaction, to show disagreement, to show disinterested feelings, to show interested feelings, and to make a joke. The most frequent reason of using impoliteness in both novels are same, it is to vent negative feelings. Meanwhile, the least frequent reason between the two novels is different. The reason to make a joke, to show dissatisfaction, and to show interested feelings were the least

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frequent found in RD’s novel. In RS’s novel, the reason to threaten other’s face was the least frequent, and the reason to show interested feelings was nothing found.

5.2 Suggestions

Based on the conclusions stated above, this study has some suggestions to the readers as provided in the following items.

1) To the other researchers, it is suggested that this study could be further expanded, elaborated and explored in other field in order to contribute the development of impoliteness theories such as the use of impoliteness in other application or literary works.

2) To all readers, it is suggested to use the study as references for understanding the application of impoliteness in novels.

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Nasution, M.F. (2014). Language impoliteness in Jakarta Lawyers Club talk show. UNIMED: Medan.

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Research Projects . Journal of Education for Information, 22(2), 63-75.

Simanjuntak, Y. P. 2015. Language Impoliteness and Gender in Indonesia Lawak

Klub (ILK) Comedy Program. Medan: UNIMED

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108

Terkourafi, M. (2008). Toward Unified Theory of Politeness, Impoliteness and

Rudeness in Bousfield, D & Locher (eds), M. Impoliteness ir.

LanguageStudies on its Interplay with Power and Practice. Berlin: Mouton

deGruyter.

Vuchinich, S. (1990). The Sequential Organization of Closing in Verbal Family

Conflict. In: Grimshaw, Allen D. (Ed.), Conflict Talk: Sociolinguistic

Investigations of Arguments and Conversations. Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, pp. 118–138.

Watts, R. J. (2003). Politeness: Language Arts & Disciplines. Cambridge: University Press.

Wardhaugh.R. (1998). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Blackwell publishers: Third edition.

Wellek, R., & Warren (1989). Theory of Literature. Harmondsworth: Penguin Wellek, R., & Warren (1993). Theory of Literature: New Edition.

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Xie, C., He, Z., & Lin, D. (2005). Politeness: Myth and truth. Studies in Language, 29(2), 431-461.

using of positive impoliteness type and the least type is bald on record impoliteness.

3) In responding the impoliteness, both novels show the same patterns occurred, namely 1) no response, 2) accepting the impoliteness, 3) countering defensively and 4) countering offensively. The dominant frequent occurrence in RD’s novel is less than RS’s novel. In RD’s novel, countering offensively response was the dominant pattern of responding the impoliteness, and countering defensively response was the least pattern. Meanwhile, in RS’s novel, single or multiple attacks with no response was the dominant pattern of responding the impoliteness, and counterinf defensively response was the least pattern.

4) The use of impoliteness strategies in Raditya Dika’s Novel entitled Babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra’s novel entitled Lontang-Lantung shared several same reasons, namely 1) to mock the others, 2) to vent negative feelings, 3) to show power,. There were some new reasons of using the language impoliteness in Raditya Dika’s Novel entitled Babi Ngesot and Roy Saputra’s novel entitled Lontang-Lantung, namely: to clarify something clearly, to threaten other’s face, to show dissatisfaction, to show disagreement, to show disinterested feelings, to show interested feelings, and to make a joke. The most frequent reason of using impoliteness in both novels are same, it is to vent negative feelings. Meanwhile, the least frequent reason between the two novels is different. The reason to make a joke, to show dissatisfaction, and to show interested feelings were the least

frequent found in RD’s novel. In RS’s novel, the reason to threaten other’s face was the least frequent, and the reason to show interested feelings was nothing found.

5.2 Suggestions

Based on the conclusions stated above, this study has some suggestions to the readers as provided in the following items.

1) To the other researchers, it is suggested that this study could be further expanded, elaborated and explored in other field in order to contribute the development of impoliteness theories such as the use of impoliteness in other application or literary works.

2) To all readers, it is suggested to use the study as references for understanding the application of impoliteness in novels.

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Terkourafi, M. (2008). Toward Unified Theory of Politeness, Impoliteness and Rudeness in Bousfield, D & Locher (eds), M. Impoliteness ir. LanguageStudies on its Interplay with Power and Practice. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

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Watts, R. J. (2003). Politeness: Language Arts & Disciplines. Cambridge: University Press.

Wardhaugh.R. (1998). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Blackwell publishers: Third edition.

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Xie, C., He, Z., & Lin, D. (2005). Politeness: Myth and truth. Studies in Language, 29(2), 431-461.