A STUDY ON DEVELOPING MATERIALS IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS AT KOTAANYAR VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, PROBOLINGGO.

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A STUDY ON DEVELOPING MATERIALS IN TEACHING

ENGLISH FOR THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS AT

KOTAANYAR VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL,

PROBOLINGGO.

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education Department

By: IDA LESTARI 201110100311168

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO

Bismillahirrohmanirrohim

“

barang siapa yang keluar untuk mencari

ilmu, maka ia berada di jalan Allah hingga ia

kembali”

“I’m not clever, I’m just not afraid to try”

DEDICATION

This Thesis dedicated to:

My Beloved Father Muriman and Mother Seniya for their praying, support and love.

My beloved brother Indra Setya for hugging me when I was stress. My Big Family for their good advises and their love.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillahirobbil „alamin, first and foremost the writer wants to praise and grateful to Allah SWT for giving health, affection and blessing and also sholawat to his prophet Muhammad SAW for guiding her from darkness to the brightness. The writer also would like to express her deepest gratitude to Drs. Jarum, M. Ed her first advisor for his kindness in giving suggestion, guidance and advice during the consultation period and comments and corrections during finishing this thesis; Dra. Thathit M. Andini, M. Hum. her second advisor for giving her the constructive comments in making the thesis better and for the motivation and support; and to all lectures and examiners at the English Department, for teaching her a lot of things.

Her biggest appreciation refers to her family, her beloved mother Seniya, father Muriman, brother Indra, Sofi and Iif, her grandma and grandpa, her three aunts, who always pray and support her in happiness and sorrow and give love, support and motivation.

Finally, her sincere gratitude goes to everybody that cannot be mentioned one by one who had helped her finish thesis. Thanks a lot for the supports, advices, critism and jokes. Eventually, may Allah SWT always keep them in save and peace condition and also give them the appropriate rewards, AMIN!

Malang, 4 May 2016 Writer,

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ... i

APPROVAL BEFORE DEFENSE... ii

APPROVAL AFTER DEFENSE... iii

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALLY... iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION... v

ABSTRACT... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS... viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems ... 5

1.3 The Purpose of the Study ... 6

1.4 Significance of the Study... ………... 6

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the study ... 7

1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES 2.1 Teaching Vocational English... 8

2.2 English For Specific Purposes ……... 9

2.3 Material Development ... 10

2.3.1 Design ... 11

2.3.2 Implementation ... 13

2.3.3 Evaluation ………... 14

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 16

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3.3 Research Instruments ... 17

3.3.1 Interview ... 17

3.3.2 Observation ……….,... 19

3.3.3 Questionnaires ……….,... 20

3.4 Data Collection ... 20

3.5. Data Analysis ... 21

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Findings... 22

4.1.1 Material Development... 22

4.1.1.1 Design... 23

4.1.1.1.1 Considering The Syllabus for XI Light Vehicle Engineering Class………... 23

4.1.1.1.2 Developing The Content of Material... 24

4.1.1.1.3 Considering The Principles of Material Development... 28

4.1.1.1.4 Considering The Students’ Characteristic... 30

4.1.1.2 Implementation………... 31

4.1.1.3 Evaluation…………... 32

4.2 Discussions………... 34

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 38

5.2 Suggestions ... 39

5.2.1 Suggestion For The English Teacher ... 39

5.2.2 Suggestion For Students ... 39

5.2.3 Suggestion For The Future Researcher... 40 REFERENCES

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ix Appendix 1 Lesson Plan

Appendix 2 Interview Guideline Appendix 3 Result of Interview Appendix 4 Observation sheet Appendix 5 Observation Checklist Appendix 6 Questionnaires

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REFERENCES

Abdullahi. 1993. “Preservice Skill Needs for Increasing Employability of Technical College Graduates.”Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ skill needs. Accessed: Oct 12, 2015, 8 pm.

Agustina, Mira. 2015. “The Eligibility of The Content of English TextbookUsed by The Fisrt Grade of Tourism Department at Vocational High School.” Unpublished Thesis of University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Ary, Donald. 2002. “Introduction to Research in Education.” Sixth Edition. New York

Azizah, Ika Nur. 2014. “Technique of Teaching Vocabulary Used By The Teacher In SDN 01 Sidorejo, Probolinggo.“ Unpublished Thesis of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Cresswell, John W.. 2003. “Research Design.”United State: Sage Publications

Crystal, David . 2003. “English as A Global Language.” New York: Cambridge University Express.

Dick, W. and Carey, L. 1990. “The Systematic Design of Instruction. “ Third Edi- tion. Tallahassee: Harper Collins Publishers.

Faridi, Abdurrachman. 2008. “Pengembangan Model Materi Ajar Muatan Lokal

Bahasa Inggris di Sekolah Dasar Jawa Teangah yang Berwawasan sosiokultural. Unpublisd Disertasi Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Semarang.

Gatehouse, Kristen. (2001). http://iteslj.org/. “Key Issues in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Curriculum Development.” The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. VII, No. 10, October 2001.

Harsono (2007), “Developing Learning Materials For Specific Purpose.” TEFLIN Journal, Volume 18, Number 2. Jakarta: Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya. Hutchinson, Tom dan Alan Waters. 1987.” English for Specific Purposes: A

Learner- Centered Approach.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Nunan.

Hamza. 2012. “Developing Training Material Guide.” Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB).

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Nunan, D. 1988. “The Learner-centred Curriculum. Cambridge.” Cambridge University Press.

Peter, Smagorinsky (2008), “ Teacher Education.” Journal of Teacher Education Volume 59 Number 5”. Sage Publication.

Sudajitapa, Melada. 2008. “Systematising EAP Materials Development: Design, Evaluation and Revision in a Thai Undergraduate Reading Course.” Unpublished Thesis of University of Edinburg.

Sugirin. 2011. “Pengembangan Materi Ajar Bahas.” Unpublished Thesis of Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Tomlinson, Brian. 1998. “Materials Development in Language Teaching.” United Kingdom: Cambridge University Espress.

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the (1) background of study, (2) statement of problem, (3) purpose of study, (4) significance of study, (5) scope and limitation, and (6) definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.

1.1 Background of the Study

English has been known as global language. Many countries make it into second language and foreign language. It shows that English language has important role in these countries. Crystal (2003) argued, a language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country. English has proven it, not a few of countries use it. Many countries learn to speak English in order to communicate with other people from different country. So, all of people from different countries can communicate each other by speaking the English. This role makes English known as Global language that is a language used by all of people in any countries. For this case, almost all countries try to teach their citizen about English to make them able to compete with another country, even in social, economic and education.

Indonesia is one of countries that put English as a foreign language. Indonesia also tries to teach their citizen, especially young generation or students, about English language. Students can find English lesson in any level of schools in this country.

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English is a lesson that has been recognized as the important subject has to be learned by any students in any level of school. English not only becomes a subject to be learned in a school, but also needed to face global future which is as a tool of communication later. So, there is no doubt in teaching English because teaching English to students is a must.

In Indonesia, English is a compulsory subject in elementary school, Junior High School, senior high school and university. Each level of schools has its own criteria in teaching English. Besides, English is also taught in another type of school such as Vocational High School. This kind of school is equivalent with Senior High School, but the lessons which are taught have different focuses because of the type of school itself. Based on Decree of Education System in Indonesia number 20, 2003 section 15, Vocational education is a high school which prepares the students especially for working in certain field. The material that is taught in Vocational High School is called as English for Specific Purposes. ESP is different from teaching general English, because as the terminology, English for specific purposes are teaching English for certain purposes. The purposes are designed based on the concentrate of the students in that school. In the other words, students in telecommunication class will be taught English related to telecommunication; and students in technical class will be taught English related to technical. In essentials, teacher should find what are needed by the students in their class.

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from the school. The way of the teacher’s teaching is not different with the teachers

in another type of school do, but the difference is in the materials development because practices become the priority in this kind of school. Therefore it has its own way in developing the materials for teaching, in which the materials will supply the students in their job later.

Teaching vocational English in Vocational High School also has certain book as the sources. However, not all textbooks are good or appropriate with the students’ needs. As some teachers usually do, only one textbook is not enough for teaching. So, teachers need to develop the materials before teaching. As Agustina (2015) found in the previous study, the content of English textbook for teaching at Vocational High School presented all of the minimum criteria of a good textbook. However, it was found that there were misplace and inappropriateness materials that were found in several units of the textbook. If the teacher follows the textbook only, the students may will find confusion in learning that materials. As Agustina explained, there were misplace and inappropriateness materials in several units of the textbook. It is the

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teacher’s duty to develop the materials in such finding another sources that more

appropriate with the students’ needs.

teach the materials and who sometimes have to rewrite materials. Agustina’s finding

is also supported by Trisyanti (2003), her study found that some EFL teachers spend a great deal of time searching for textbooks appropriate to their learner’s needs. But teachers usually discover that the chosen textbook does not contain exactly what their students require. This finding explains that how hard it is to find a good textbook for teaching. Furthermore, Faridi (2008) found in the previous study that in developing material, teacher need to accommodate the the sociocultural aspects when designing the material. So, in addition to find a good textbook, teacher also needs to develop the material based on the students’ characteristics by analyzing their sociocultural, daily

habit, and what the students’ prefer to in learning English.

Talking about Material Development, a teacher has to find clear definition first what is meant by Material Development itself. Material Development means developing the material which is not only use one source for teaching but using any kinds of another material that can be used. As Tomlinson (1998) states, Materials Development refers to anything which is done by writers, teachers or learners to provide sources of language input and to exploit those sources in ways which

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maximize the likelihood of intake. Based on the Tomlinson’s statement, Material

Development is one of important thing that should be designed by the teacher before teaching. He said that materials development means anything, so it can be another sources than textbook only. In a case, teacher teaches reading for the students by using textbook of reading materials. It is not enough if only use the textbook, the teacher can give the students a piece of English news paper for them to read, because news paper is an authentic material that they can find everyday in their daily life. Donowan (in Thomlinson, 1998) is in line with Tomlinson, he said that rather than trying to arrive at a final, definitive state for materials, such development is often a continuing open-ended process of refinement.

Based on the background, it is necessary for the researcher to study about the material development in teaching English for the second grade students at Kotaanyar Vocational High School, Probolinggo. It studies about how the teacher develops the material in teaching the English. This school is chosen as the subject of the study because though the teacher did not graduated from Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, the materials for teaching are received in well by the students.

1.2 Statement of the Problems

Based on the background of the study, the problems are formulated as follows:

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1. How does the teacher develop the materials in teaching English for the second grade students at Kotaanyar Vocational High School, Probolinggo?

2. How are the students’ responses toward the materials that are developed by the teacher in teaching English for the second grade students at Kotaanyar Vocational High School, Probolinggo?

1.3 Purpose of the Study

Related to the statement of the problems, the purposes of this study are:

1. To know how the teacher develops the materials in teaching English for the second grade students at Kotaanyar Vocational High School, Probolinggo.

2. To know how the students’ responses toward the materials that are developed by the teacher in teaching English for the second grade students at Kotaanyar Vocational High School, Probolinggo.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The study is expected as an additional knowledge in Developing Materials in teaching English for teacher and also the next researcher. The researcher hopes that the teacher will develop the materials carefully based on the goals of the teaching level that prepares the students to be ready to work then. Besides, the teacher is also hoped that he/she will give so much attention to the students’ responses toward the material that has been developed. Furthermore, the researcher will contribute to the

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developing materials in teaching English in Vocational High School. For the next researchers, hopefully, they will gain new knowledge of this study.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

Based on the background of study, the researcher analyzes the materials’

development in English class, focusing on how the teacher develops the materials and

the students’ response towards the materials. This study is limited to the second grade students for semester I at Kotaanyar Vocational High School, Probolinggo.

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms

1. “Vocational High School is a form of education whose primary purpose is to prepare persons for employment in recognized occupation.” (Okoro, 1993: 4). 2. “English for Specific Purposes is English that is not taught as a subject

separated from the students’ real world; instead, it is integrated into a subject

matter area important to the learners.” (Fiorito, 2005: 1).

3. “Material Development is anything which is done by writers, teachers or learners to provide sources of language input and to exploit those sources in ways which maximize the likelihood of intake.” (Tomlinson, 1998: 2).

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Vocational High School is one of school stages that has a purpose to prepare the students to be ready to work. Vocational education is expected among other things to assist students to acquire relevant occupational and technical skills, prepare for future occupations, and make successful transition from school to world of work (Abdullahi, 1993). Based on the statement above, English in Vocational High School is expected to be able to give anything needed by the students to work after graduate from the school. The way of the teacher’s teaching is not different with the teachers in another type of school do, but the difference is in the materials development because practices become the priority in this kind of school. Therefore it has its own way in developing the materials for teaching, in which the materials will supply the students in their job later.

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teacher’s duty to develop the materials in such finding another sources that more appropriate with the students’ needs.

Just like what Masuhara (in Thomlinson, 1998) said, teachers can even be said to be the central figures in materials development, for they are the ones who select materials (or, at least have some influence in the selection process), who actually teach the materials and who sometimes have to rewrite materials. Agustina’s finding is also supported by Trisyanti (2003), her study found that some EFL teachers spend a great deal of time searching for textbooks appropriate to their learner’s needs. But teachers usually discover that the chosen textbook does not contain exactly what their students require. This finding explains that how hard it is to find a good textbook for teaching. Furthermore, Faridi (2008) found in the previous study that in developing material, teacher need to accommodate the the sociocultural aspects when designing the material. So, in addition to find a good textbook, teacher also needs to develop the material based on the students’ characteristics by analyzing their sociocultural, daily habit, and what the students’ prefer to in learning English.

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maximize the likelihood of intake. Based on the Tomlinson’s statement, Material Development is one of important thing that should be designed by the teacher before teaching. He said that materials development means anything, so it can be another sources than textbook only. In a case, teacher teaches reading for the students by using textbook of reading materials. It is not enough if only use the textbook, the teacher can give the students a piece of English news paper for them to read, because news paper is an authentic material that they can find everyday in their daily life. Donowan (in Thomlinson, 1998) is in line with Tomlinson, he said that rather than trying to arrive at a final, definitive state for materials, such development is often a continuing open-ended process of refinement.